Management of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction - Latin American study

PURPOSE

Congenital nasolacrimal duct fistula in Brown Swiss cattle

BACKGROUND An increased incidence of nasolacrimal duct fistula in the offspring of dam J and three of her sons (bulls A, B and C) prompted a study to investigate the prevalence and clinical manifestation of this anomaly. The dam J, bull B, 255 direct offspring of bulls A, B, and C and eight other direct and indirect offspring of cow J were examined. The periocular region of each animal was examined for unilateral or bilateral nasolacrimal duct fistula and the location, appearance and size of the lesions. RESULTS Of 265 cattle examined, 54 had unilateral (n = 24) or bilateral fistula (n = 30). The prevalence of affected offspring differed significantly among the three bulls. The fistulae were located medial to the medial canthus of the eye and were 1 to 10 mm (median, 1 mm) in height and 1 to 12 mm (median, 2 mm) in length. The shape of the opening was circular in 58, oval in 23 and slit-like in three. One other animal had a large opening with an atypical shape and another had an abnormal medial canthus with several fistulous openings. Seventy openings were pigmented and 52 were hairless. The fistulae were clinically significant in 12 animals. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest a hereditary cause of nasolacrimal duct fistula in Brown Swiss cattle.

Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction:Comparison of two different treatment algorithms

Purpose: To clarify the most appropriate treatment regimen for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO). Methods: A retrospective observational analysis was performed of patients undergoing probing with or without intubation to treat CNLDO in a single institution (Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast) from 2006 to 2011. Results: Based on exclusion criteria, 246 eyes of 177 patients (aged 0 to 9.8 years with a mean age of 2.1 years) were included in this study: 187 (76%) eyes had successful outcome at first intervention with primary probing, whereas 56 (23%) eyes underwent secondary intervention. There were no significant differences by gender, age, or obstruction complexity between the successful and unsuccessful patients with first intervention. For those patients requiring secondary intervention, 16 of 24 (67%) eyes had successful probing, whereas 22 of 24 (92%) had successful intubation. Patients with intubation as a secondary procedure were significantly more likely to have a successful outcome (P = .037). Statistical analysis was performed using the Fisher's exact test and Barnard's exact test. Conclusions: Primary probing for CNLDO has a high success rate that is not adversely affected by increasing age. This study also indicates that if initial probing is unsuccessful, nasolacrimal intubation rather than repeat probing yields a significantly higher success rate.

Obstrução nasolacrimal congênita: fatores relacionados com a possibilidade de cura

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a chance de cura da obstrução nasolacrimal congênita de acordo com a idade em que se deu o início da epífora e o tratamento efetuado. MÉTODOS: Quarenta crianças portadoras de obstrução nasolacrimal congênita, atendidas no período de 1997 a 1999, foram estudadas retrospectivamente, avaliando-se: idade do início da epífora, tratamento efetuado e possibilidade de cura. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística e usou-se o teste de proporções binomiais para contrastes entre e dentro de populações. RESULTADOS: A proporção de cura foi menor quando a epífora se iniciou em idade superior a 4 meses de vida, havendo possibilidade de cura com massagem e/ou sondagem em mesmas proporções, sendo possível obter cura também em crianças com idade superior a 3 anos de vida. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados mostram que a possibilidade de cura sofre a influência da época do início da epífora e que o tratamento com massagem ou sondagem pode ser efetivo, mesmo em crianças com idade superior a 3 anos de idade.

Obstrução nasolacrimal congênita: fatores relacionados com a melhora após sondagem terapêutica

OBJETIVO: Avaliar em crianças portadoras de obstrução nasolacrimal congênita (ONLC) os índices de cura com a sondagem das vias lacrimais e os fatores relacionados com o insucesso do procedimento. MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo observacional, incluindo 80 crianças portadoras de obstrução nasolacrimal congênita, submetidas à sondagem terapêutica da via lacrimal. As crianças foram avaliadas quanto ao sexo, faixa etária e resultado da sondagem. Os dados obtidos foram avaliados por estatística descritiva, teste de Goodman e pelo teste não paramétrico de Mann-Whitney, com nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: A cura ocorreu igualmente em ambos os sexos. A média de idade das crianças que se beneficiaram da sondagem foi de 19,95±11,4 meses e a das crianças que não se curaram foi de 23,37±15,2 meses. A possibilidade de cura ocorreu igualmente nas faixas etárias acima dos 6 meses. Observou-se nas crianças que não se curaram com a sondagem a existência de alterações nasais como rinite, hipertrofia de adenóide ou de cornetos, desvio de septo e sinusopatia. CONCLUSÃO: A possibilidade de cura com a sondagem não varia significativamente mesmo nas idades acima dos 12 meses. Entre as causas de insucesso com o procedimento devem ser incluídas as alterações da cavidade nasal.

Obstrução nasolacrimal congênita - Diagnóstico e tratamento

This article assembled the congenital lacrimal obstruction according embryology, clinical presentation, propedeutic exams and other differential anomalies.

Spontaneous resolution in congenital nasolacrimal obstruction after 12 months

A retrospective observational study was performed in order to evaluate the possibility of spontaneous resolution of tearing in the congenital nasolacrimal obstruction (CNLO). Twenty-seven CNLO child carriers with spontaneous tearing resolution were evaluated according to sex, age of starting and end of symptoms. The data were evaluated by the Chi-Square Test and non-parametric Mann-Whitney test (p ≤ 0.05). Spontaneous resolution occurred between ages 3 and 48 months (Median = 14 months; Mean = 16.2 ± 10.5 months). The period in which the child presented tearing varied from 2 months to 47.5 months (Median = 12 months) and was similar for both sexes, with or without realization of massage. Our data support the possibility of CNLO spontaneous resolution in children beyond 12 months of age, allowing us to suggest postponed probing beyond this time period. Copyright © Informa Healthcare.

Analysis of Functional and Anatomic Success Following Endonasal Dacryocystorhinostomy

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the concomitant perioperative procedures, the causes of nasolacrimal duct obstruction, the success rate, and the complications associated with endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (ENDCR).Methods: In this single-center retrospective study, 98 patients underwent 104 ENDCRs between January 1994 and February 2006. There were 78 patients with 84 nasolacrimal duct obstructions who were included in this study.Results: The overall functional success rate with improvement in symptoms was 94.9% for primary surgery (59 of 84 obstructions) and 63.6% for salvage surgery after failure of primary surgery performed in another hospital (25 of 84 obstructions). The mean follow-up time was 36.8 +/- 17.11 months. Primary surgery showed better results, with a complete success rate of 93.2%, than did salvage surgery, with a success rate of only 68%. Persistent symptoms, despite an open rhinostomy, were found in 1.7% of patients with primary surgery and in 12% of those with salvage surgery. Failure of ENDCR was observed in 3.4% of patients after primary surgery and in 20% after salvage surgery. We encountered only minimal perioperative complications, and these were essentially related to lacrimal intubation.Conclusions: Because of the possibility of treating concomitant sinonasal disorders, the cosmetic advantages, and the excellent results, ENDCR represents the procedure of choice for treating nasolacrimal duct obstructions. The main challenge lies in the exact preoperative assessment, as well as postoperative evaluation in case of failure.

Tubo de Lester-Jones: indicações e resultados

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as indicações, resultados e complicações advindas do seu uso. MÉTODOS: Avaliaram-se retrospectivamente 25 pacientes submetidos a 27 conjuntivorrinostomias com colocação de tubo de Lester-Jones. Foram estudados os dados do portador, a etiologia da afecção e as complicações que ocorreram no intra e no pós-operatório. Os dados foram avaliados segundo a freqüência de ocorrência. RESULTADOS: O tubo de Lester-Jones foi usado igualmente em ambos os sexos, mais em indivíduos abaixo dos 10 ou acima dos 50 anos de idade. As causas mais freqüentes para utilização foram a idiopática ou a agenesia congênita de pontos e canalículos. Houve melhora dos sintomas em 88% dos pacientes. Complicações ocorreram em 59,25% dos casos, dentre as quais: extrusão (40,74%) e a migração (14,8%) do tubo. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar das complicações observadas, o índice de cura com a utilização do tubo de Lester-Jones é alto, sendo boa opção para o tratamento das obstruções lacrimais altas.

Dacriocistografia na propedêutica da via lacrimal excretora de adultos

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os achados dacriocistográficos em indivíduos suspeitos de obstrução de vias lacrimais excretoras. MÉTODOS: O estudo foi retrospectivo, tendo sido avaliadas as dacriocistografias de 100 indivíduos adultos, suspeitos de obstrução nasolacrimal, atendidos na Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - UNESP. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística descritiva e teste do qui-quadrado. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos pacientes era do sexo feminino e maiores de 60 anos, apresentando obstrução baixa, localizada no seio de Arlt, com saco lacrimal graus 2 ou 3. Vias lacrimais pérvias, com e sem dilatação, também foram encontradas, assim como alterações nasais, como hipertrofia de cornetos. CONCLUSÃO: A dacriocistografia foi importante para diagnosticar o local da obstrução, o grau de dilatação das vias lacrimais, assim como as alterações de estruturas vizinhas. Estas informações sem dúvida são úteis para o planejamento cirúrgico e como indício prognóstico.

Cinedacryocystography in the diagnosis of lacrimal obstruction in children

Purpose: To analyze the cinedacryocystography in children with congenital nasolacrimal obstruction suspicion. Methods: The cinedacryocystographic examination was done in 143 children (58% of girls and 42% of boys) younger than 5 years old, suspected of congenital nasolacrimal obstruction. The exams were done under general anesthesia and the children were probed immediately when obstruction was detected. Results: Epiphora, discharge or both were the most common complaints. Nevertheless 11% children had undergone unsuccessfully probing once, no one had any radiologic evaluation previously. The cinedacryocystographic exam showed nasolacrimal duct obstruction in 65,73%. Permeable lacrimal vies were presented in 34,3% of the children with epiphora. The obstruction was mainly at the Arlt's sinus. Using the cinedacryocystography, it was possible to observe the lacrimal sac enlargement and alterations in the contiguous structures such as hypertrophic turbinates (91,1%), sinusitis (44,6%) and septum deviation (24,1%). Conclusion: Cinedacryocystographic evaluation provides important information about lacrimal system obstruction in children, therefore, it is useful in all children with suspected congenital lacrimal obstruction.

Estudo dacriocistográfico e tomográfico da via lacrimal excretora de cães portadores de epífora

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Dacriocistografia em cães com o emprego da ressonância magnética (DCG-RM) e da tomografia computadorizada (DCG-TC)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estudo morfológico do sistema de drenagem lacrimal no cão

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ

Computed tomographic dacryocystography in children undergoing balloon dacryoplasty

PURPOSE To ascertain whether the volume and circumference of the lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct as measured by contrast-enhanced computed tomographic dacryocystography (CT-DCG) before and after balloon dacryoplasty could be used to predict clinical success in children with congenital nasolacrimal obstruction. METHODS Nasolacrimal ducts of children aged 2 to 6 years with clinical signs of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction undergoing balloon dilation were imaged with contrast-enhanced CT-DCG before and 5 minutes after the procedure. The circumference of the most dilated portion of the lacrimal sac was measured on the axial plane. The volume of contrast within the nasolacrimal duct and sac was also measured before and after the procedure. Clinical success was defined as the disappearance of signs of epiphora. RESULTS A total of 18 nasolacrimal ducts of 13 children were included. The average circumference of the most dilated portion of the lacrimal sac was 1.30 +/- 0.45 cm (range, 0.64-2.50 cm) before the procedure. The average contrast volume was 0.12 +/- 0.08 cm(3) (range, 0.01-0.38 cm(3)) before and 0.07 +/- 0.06 cm(3) (range, 0.01-0.20 cm(3)) after (P = 0.01). Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression with a backward variable input model; a decrease in contrast volume before and after dilation (P = 0.04) was associated with clinical success, whereas the larger size of the most dilated portion of the lacrimal sac (P = 0.01) was associated with clinical failure. CONCLUSIONS Contrast-enhanced CT-DCG provides useful information about nasolacrimal anatomy in children with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. The decrease in contrast volume before and after balloon dilation was predictive of success; A larger size of the most dilated portion of the lacrimal sac was associated with clinical failure. (J AAPOS 2012;16:464-467)