Normal coordinates in the methyl halides

The potential‐energy functions found by Chang for the methyl halides have been put into valence‐type form and revised to eliminate inconsistencies and to accord with the true (nontetrahedral) geometry and the normal frequencies (corrected for Fermi resonance and anharmonicity). The resulting valence‐type force constants and normal coordinates are given for light (CH3) and heavy (CD3) chlorides, bromides, and iodides.

Evolution of perturbations of squashed Kaluza-Klein black holes: Escape from instability

The squashed Kaluza-Klien (KK) black holes differ from the Schwarzschild black holes with asymptotic flatness or the black strings even at energies for which the KK modes are not excited yet, so that squashed KK black holes open a window in higher dimensions. Another important feature is that the squashed KK black holes are apparently stable and, thereby, let us avoid the Gregory-Laflamme instability. In the present paper, the evolution of scalar and gravitational perturbations in time and frequency domains is considered for these squashed KK black holes. The scalar field perturbations are analyzed for general rotating squashed KK black holes. Gravitational perturbations for the so-called zero mode are shown to be decayed for nonrotating black holes, in concordance with the stability of the squashed KK black holes. The correlation of quasinormal frequencies with the size of extra dimension is discussed.

Association entre les dérégulations des cellules dendritiques et les altérations des lymphocytes B présentes chez les patients infectés par le VIH

La dérégulation du compartiment B est une conséquence importante de l’infection par le virus de l’immunodéficience humaine (VIH), qui peut mener à des manifestations autoimmunes et ultimement à des lymphomes B. Parmi les premières anomalies détectées, on dénote l’activation polyclonale, reflétée par la présence d’hyperglobulinémie (hyper-Ig) et des titres élevés d’autoanticorps chez les patients. On observe également une altération des dynamiques des populations, notamment une expansion de la population des cellules matures activées. De plus, les patients évoluent vers l’incapacité de générer une réponse humorale efficace, et sont sujets à une perte de la mémoire immunologique en phase chronique, caractérisée par une diminution de la population des cellules mémoires et par l’épuisement cellulaire. Toutefois, on connaît très peu les mécanismes impliqués dans de telles altérations. Les cellules dendritiques (DC) sont parmi les premières populations cellulaires à rencontrer et à propager le VIH lors d’une infection, et s’en trouvent affectées directement et indirectement, par le virus et ses composantes. On retrouve en effet une diminution des fréquences de DC dans le sang, les muqueuses et les organes lymphoïdes de patients infectés par le VIH, ainsi qu’un blocage au niveau de la maturation cellulaire. Toutefois, un débat perdure quant à l’apparition de ces altérations durant la phase aigüe de l’infection, et à la restauration des fréquences et des fonctions des DC chez les patients sous traitement. Cette controverse est due à la rareté des études longitudinales incluant des suivis qui s’échelonnent de la phase aigüe à la phase chronique de l’infection. Les DC jouent un rôle important dans le développement, la survie et l’activation des lymphocytes B, de façon T-dépendante et T-indépendante, notamment via des facteurs de croissance tel que BLyS (B lymphocyte stimulator). Par conséquent, nous formulons l’hypothèse que dans le cadre d’une infection VIH, les altérations observées au niveau des cellules B sont modulées par les DC. L’objectif majeur de cette étude est donc d’évaluer l’implication potentielle des DC dans les altérations des cellules B au cours de l’infection par le VIH. Pour ce faire, nous avons d’abord caractérisé de façon longitudinale le statut des populations de DC du sang périphérique de patients infectés au VIH et présentant différents types de progression de la maladie. Cela nous a permis d’évaluer la présence d’une corrélation entre les dynamiques de DC et le type de progression. Par la suite, nous avons évalué la capacité des DC à exprimer BLyS, puis mesuré sa concentration ainsi que celles d’autres facteurs de croissance des cellules B dans le plasma des patients. Enfin, nous avons caractérisé le statut des lymphocytes B, en fonction du stade de l’infection et du taux de progression clinique des patients. Cette étude démontre une diminution de la fréquence des populations de DC myéloïdes (mDC) dans le sang de patients infectés par le VIH sujets à une progression clinique. Cette diminution est observée dès le stade aigu de l’infection et au-delà du traitement antirétroviral (ART). Des concentrations élevées de MCP-1 (monocyte chemotactic protein), MIP (macrophage inflammatory protein) -3α et MIP-3β suggèrent la possibilité d’un drainage vers des sites périphériques. Nous observons également des niveaux supérieurs à la normale de précurseurs CD11c+CD14+CD16- en phase chronique, possiblement liés à une tendence de régénération des DC. Les patients en phase chronique présentent de hautes concentrations plasmatiques de BLyS, reflétée par un haut taux d’expression de cette cytokine par les mDC et leurs précurseurs. Parallèlement, nous observons une expansion des cellules B matures activées ainsi que des taux élevés d’IgG et IgA dans le sang de ces patients. De plus, nous constatons l’expansion d’une population de cellules B qui présente à la fois des caractéristiques de cellules B immatures transitionnelles (TI, transitional immature), et de cellules B recirculantes activées de la zone marginale (MZ, marginal zone), considérées ici comme des «précurseurs/activées de la MZ». Cette étude démontre aussi, chez les progresseurs lents, une meilleure préservation du compartiment des DC du sang périphérique, accompagnée d’une augmentation de précurseurs des DC de phénotype CD11c+CD14+CD16+, ainsi que des concentrations plasmatiques et niveaux d’expression normaux de BLyS. Conséquemment, nous n’avons pas observé d’augmentation des cellules B matures activées et des cellules B précurseurs/activées de la MZ. Toutefois, la fréquence des cellules B matures de la MZ est diminuée, reflétant possiblement leur recrutement vers des sites périphériques et leur contribution à un mécanisme actif de contrôle de la progression de la maladie. L’ensemble de ce travail suggère que dans le cadre d’une infection au VIH, les altérations observées au niveau des DC modulent les anomalies des cellules B. Par conséquent, le maintien de l’équilibre des fonctions DC, notamment les fonctions noninflammatoires, pourrait avoir un impact important dans la prévention de la progression de maladies associées aux altérations du compartiment des cellules B.

Velocity discrimination of angular motion at different frequencies in individuals with normal vestibular function

The purpose of this study was to evaluate discrimination of angular velocity in individuals with normal vestibular function using a newly developed adaptive psychophysical measure. Vestibular psychophysical testing may complement existing clinical measures in diagnosing and treating patients with imbalance.

The Lea Grating Test In Assessing Detection Grating Acuity In Normal Infants Less Than 4 Months Of Age.

To assess binocular detection grating acuity using the LEA GRATINGS test to establish age-related norms in healthy infants during their first 3 months of life. In this prospective, longitudinal study of healthy infants with clear red reflex at birth, responses to gratings were measured at 1, 2, and 3 months of age using LEA gratings at a distance of 28 cm. The results were recorded as detection grating acuity values, which were arranged in frequency tables and converted to a one-octave scale for statistical analysis. For the repeated measurements, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the detection grating acuity results between ages. A total of 133 infants were included. The binocular responses to gratings showed development toward higher mean values and spatial frequencies, ranging from 0.55 ± 0.70 cycles per degree (cpd), or 1.74 ± 0.21 logMAR, in month 1 to 3.11 ± 0.54 cpd, or 0.98 ± 0.16 logMAR, in month 3. Repeated ANOVA indicated differences among grating acuity values in the three age groups. The LEA GRATINGS test allowed assessment of detection grating acuity and its development in a cohort of healthy infants during their first 3 months of life.

Spectral peak resolution and speech recognition in quiet: Normal hearing, hearing impaired and cochlear implant listeners

Spectral peak resolution was investigated in normal hearing (NH), hearing impaired (HI), and cochlear implant (CI) listeners. The task involved discriminating between two rippled noise stimuli in which the frequency positions of the log-spaced peaks and valleys were interchanged. The ripple spacing was varied adaptively from 0.13 to 11.31 ripples/octave, and the minimum ripple spacing at which a reversal in peak and trough positions could be detected was determined as the spectral peak resolution threshold for each listener. Spectral peak resolution was best, on average, in NH listeners, poorest in CI listeners, and intermediate for HI listeners. There was a significant relationship between spectral peak resolution and both vowel and consonant recognition in quiet across the three listener groups. The results indicate that the degree of spectral peak resolution required for accurate vowel and consonant recognition in quiet backgrounds is around 4 ripples/octave, and that spectral peak resolution poorer than around 1–2 ripples/octave may result in highly degraded speech recognition. These results suggest that efforts to improve spectral peak resolution for HI and CI users may lead to improved speech recognition

Detection and description of non-linear interdependence in normal multichannel human EEG data

Objectives: This study examines human scalp electroencephalographic (EEG) data for evidence of non-linear interdependence between posterior channels. The spectral and phase properties of those epochs of EEG exhibiting non-linear interdependence are studied. Methods: Scalp EEG data was collected from 40 healthy subjects. A technique for the detection of non-linear interdependence was applied to 2.048 s segments of posterior bipolar electrode data. Amplitude-adjusted phase-randomized surrogate data was used to statistically determine which EEG epochs exhibited non-linear interdependence. Results: Statistically significant evidence of non-linear interactions were evident in 2.9% (eyes open) to 4.8% (eyes closed) of the epochs. In the eyes-open recordings, these epochs exhibited a peak in the spectral and cross-spectral density functions at about 10 Hz. Two types of EEG epochs are evident in the eyes-closed recordings; one type exhibits a peak in the spectral density and cross-spectrum at 8 Hz. The other type has increased spectral and cross-spectral power across faster frequencies. Epochs identified as exhibiting non-linear interdependence display a tendency towards phase interdependencies across and between a broad range of frequencies. Conclusions: Non-linear interdependence is detectable in a small number of multichannel EEG epochs, and makes a contribution to the alpha rhythm. Non-linear interdependence produces spatially distributed activity that exhibits phase synchronization between oscillations present at different frequencies. The possible physiological significance of these findings are discussed with reference to the dynamical properties of neural systems and the role of synchronous activity in the neocortex. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

The normal co-ordinate analysis, vibrational spectra and theoretical infrared intensities of some thiocarbonyl halide molecules /

TITLE: The normal co-ordinate analysis, vibrational spectra and theoretical infrared intensities of some thiocarbonyl halides. AUTHOR: J. L. Brema SUPERVISOR: Dr. D. C. Moule NUMBER OF PAGES: 89 ABSTRACT: The vibrational assignment of the five-in-plane fundamental modes of CSClBr has been made on the basis of infrared gas phase and liquid Raman spectral analyses to supplement our earlier vibrational studies. Even though the one out-of-plane fundamental was not observed spectroscopically an attempt has been made to predict its frequency. The vibrational spectra contained impurity bands and the CSClBr assignment was made only after a thorough analysis of the impurities themselves. A normal co-ordinate analysis calculation was performed assuming a Urey-Bradley force field. This calculation yielded the fundamental frequencies in good agreement with those observed after refinement of the originally transferred force constants. The theoretical frequencies are the eigenvalues of the secular equation and the calculation also gave the corresponding eigenvectors in the form of the very important LLj matrix. The [l] matrix is the transfoirmation between internal co-ordinates and normal co-ordinates and it is essential for Franck-Condon calculations on electronically excited molecules and for infrared Integrated band intensity studies. Using a self-consistent molecular orbital calculation termed "complete neglect of differential overlap" (CNDO/2) , theoretical values of equilibrium bond lengths and angleswere calcuted for a series of carbonyl and thlocarbonyl molecules. From these calculations valence force field force constants were also determined but with limited success. With the CNIX)/2 method theoretical dipole moment derivatives with respect to symmetrized internal co-ordinates were calculated and the results should be useful in a correlation with experimentally determined values.

The vibrational spectra and the normal coordinate analysis of thiocarbonye halides /|nby C. R. Subramaniam. -- 260 St. Catharines, Ont. : [s. n.],

The infrared and the Raman spectra of eSelF has been obtained for the first time and has been analysed to give the in-plane normal vibrational frequencies of the molecule, in the ground state. A normal co-ordinate analysis has been carried out for the molecules CSF2, CSClF and eSel 2 using a Urey-Bradley type of potential function and the elements of the [L] matrix elements, the distribution of the potential energy in Urey-Bradley space, and the displacement vector diagrams for the normal modes of vibration for these molecules, have been obtained. The bond for~e constants obtained through the normal co-ordinate analysis, have given some interesting results. The stretching force constant, Kes ' varies markedly with halogen substitution and the force constants KeF and Keel also vary with substitution.

Développement physiologique des voies visuelles chez le rat normal et chez celui ayant subi des convulsions hyperthermiques

Les neurones des couches superficielles du collicule supérieur et du cortex visuel primaire du rat adulte sont sensibles à de basses fréquences spatiales de haut contraste défilant à des vitesses élevées. Entre les jours post-nataux 27-30 et l’âge adulte, les fréquences temporelles optimales des neurones du cortex visuel primaire augmentent, tandis que leurs seuils de contraste diminuent. Cependant, les fréquences spatiales optimales, les valeurs de résolution spatiale et les bandes passantes spatiales de ces neurones sont, dès l’ouverture des paupières, similaires à celles observées chez le rat adulte. Ces profils de réponse neuronale suggèrent que les projections rétino-colliculaires et rétino-géniculo-corticales sont essentiellement issues de neurones ganglionnaires rétinofuges magnocellulaires et koniocellulaires. Les neurones du cortex visuel primaire du rat ayant subi des convulsions hyperthermiques présentent, dès l’ouverture des paupières, de basses fréquences spatiales optimales, de larges bandes passantes directionnelles et temporelles ainsi que des seuils de contraste élevés par rapport aux neurones du rat normal. À l’âge adulte, de basses fréquences temporelles optimales et de larges bandes passantes spatiales sont également observées chez le rat ayant subi des convulsions hyperthermiques. L’altération des profils de réponse des neurones du cortex visuel primaire du rat ayant subi de convulsions hyperthermiques suggère un déséquilibre entre les mécanismes neuronaux excitateurs et inhibiteurs de cette aire corticale. Ces résultats suggèrent également qu’un épisode unique de convulsions fébriles infantiles suffit à altérer le développement des propriétés spatio-temporelles des champs récepteurs des neurones du cortex visuel primaire.

STUDIES ON SCATTERING AND QUASI-NORMAL MODES IN BLACK HOLE SPACE-TIMES

The question of stability of black hole was first studied by Regge and Wheeler who investigated linear perturbations of the exterior Schwarzschild spacetime. Further work on this problem led to the study of quasi-normal modes which is believed as a characteristic sound of black holes. Quasi-normal modes (QNMs) describe the damped oscillations under perturbations in the surrounding geometry of a black hole with frequencies and damping times of oscillations entirely fixed by the black hole parameters.In the present work we study the influence of cosmic string on the QNMs of various black hole background spacetimes which are perturbed by a massless Dirac field.

HUMAN PERICARDIAL FLUID AT MICROWAVE FREQUENCIES

This article reports a new method of analyzing pericardial fluid based on the measurement of the dielectric properties at microwave frequencies. The microwave measurements were performed by rectangular cavity perturbation method in the S-band of microwave frequency with the pericardial fluid from healthy persons as well as from patients suffering from pericardial effusion. It is observed that a remarkable change in the dielectric properties of patient samples with the normal healthy samples and these measurements were in good agreement with clinical analysis. This measurement technique and the method of extraction of pericardial fluid are simple. These results give light to an alternative in-vitro method of diagnosing onset pericardial effusion abnormalities using microwaves without surgical procedure.

Dielectric properties of certain biological materials at microwave frequencies.

In the medical field, microwaves play a larger role for treatment than diagnosis. For the detection of diseases by microwave methods, it is essential to know the dielectric properties of biological materials. For the present study, a cavity perturbation technique was employed to determine the dielectric properties of these materials. Rectangular cavity resonators were used to measure the complex permittivity of human bile, bile stones, gastric juice and saliva. The measurements were carried out in the S and J bands. It is observed that normal and infected bile have different dielectric constant and loss tangent. Dielectric constant of infected bile and gastric juice varies from patient to patient. Detection and extraction of bile stone with possible method of treatment is also discussed.

Process profiling using frequencies of system calls

In this paper we discuss our research in developing general and systematic method for anomaly detection. The key ideas are to represent normal program behaviour using system call frequencies and to incorporate probabilistic techniques for classification to detect anomalies and intrusions. Using experiments on the sendmail system call data, we demonstrate that we can construct concise and accurate classifiers to detect anomalies. We provide an overview of the approach that we have implemented

The calculation of accurate normal coordinates I: general theory, and application to methane

The calculation of accurate and reliable vibrational potential functions and normal co-ordinates is discussed, for such simple polyatomic molecules as it may be possible. Such calculations should be corrected for the effects of anharmonicity and of resonance interactions between the vibrational states, and should be fitted to all the available information on all isotopic species: particularly the vibrational frequencies, Coriolis zeta constants and centrifugal distortion constants. The difficulties of making these corrections, and of making use of the observed data are reviewed. A programme for the Ferranti Mercury Computer is described by means of which harmonic vibration frequencies and normal co-ordinate vectors, zeta factors and centrifugal distortion constants can be calculated, from a given force field and from given G-matrix elements, etc. The programme has been used on up to 5 × 5 secular equations for which a single calculation and output of results takes approximately l min; it can readily be extended to larger determinants. The best methods of using such a programme and the possibility of reversing the direction of calculation are discussed. The methods are applied to calculating the best possible vibrational potential function for the methane molecule, making use of all the observed data.