Neurofilaments and NFL-TBS.40-63 peptide penetrate oligodendrocytes through clathrin-dependent endocytosis to promote their growth and survival in vitro.

International audience

NFL-lipid nanocapsules for brain neural stem cell targeting in vitro and in vivo

International audience

Effect of ageing and immersion in different beverages on properties of denture lining materials

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the color stability and hardness of two denture liners obtained by direct and indirect techniques, after thermal cycling and immersion in beverages that can cause staining of teeth. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seventy disc-shaped specimens (18 x 3 mm) processed by direct (DT) and indirect techniques (IT) were made from Elite soft (n=35) and Kooliner (n=35) denture liners. For each material and technique, 10 specimens were subjected to thermal cycling (3,000 cycles) and 25 specimens were stored in water, coffee, tea, soda and red wine for 36 days. The values of color change, Shore A hardness (Elite soft) and Knoop hardness (Kooliner) were obtained. The data were subjected to ANOVA, Tukey's multiple-comparison test, and Kruskal-Wallis test (P<0.05). RESULTS: The thermal cycling promoted a decrease on hardness of Kooliner regardless of the technique used (Initial: 9.09± 1.61; Thermal cycling: 7.77± 1.47) and promoted an increase in the hardness in the DT for Elite Soft (Initial: 40.63± 1.07; Thermal cycling: 43.53± 1.03); hardness of Kooliner (DT: 8.76± 0.95; IT: 7.70± 1.62) and Elite Soft (DT: 42.75± 1.54; IT=39.30± 2.31) from the DT suffered an increase after the immersion in the beverages. The thermal cycling promoted color change only for Kooliner in the IT. Immersion in the beverages did not promote color change for Elite in both techniques. The control group of the DT of Kooliner showed a significant color change. Wine and coffee produced the greatest color change in the DT only for Elite Soft when compared to the other beverages. CONCLUSION: The three variation factors promoted alteration on hardness and color of the tested denture lining materials.

Importance of Pelvic Muscle Tenderness Evaluation in Women with Chronic Pelvic Pain

Objective. To determine the prevalence of pelvic muscle tenderness in women with chronic pelvic pain (CPP) and to assess the importance of evaluating muscle tenderness in such women. Design. Observational study of 48 healthy female volunteers and 108 women with CPP, who were clinically evaluated for pelvic muscle tenderness by two researchers blinded to all clinical data. Results. The frequency of clinically detected pelvic muscle tenderness was significantly higher in women with CPP than in healthy volunteers (58.3% vs 4.2%, P < 0.001). Among women with CPP, those with pelvic muscle tenderness had higher Beck Depression Index scores (22 [6-42] vs 13 [3-39], P = 0.02) and higher rates of dyspareunia (63.5% [40/63] vs 28.9% [13/45], P < 0.004) and constipation (46.0% [29/63] vs 26.7% [12/45], P = 0.05) than those without pelvic muscle tenderness. Conclusion. Tenderness of pelvic muscles was highly prevalent among women with CPP and was associated with higher BDI scores and higher rates of dyspareunia and constipation. Determination of pelvic muscle tenderness may help in identifying women who require more intense treatment for CPP.

Eficiência na produção de frutos e alocação relativa de nutrientes em cultivares de cafeeiro

Considerando a baixa produtividade das plantas em solos de menor fertilidade natural e o alto custo dos insumos agrícolas, torna-se necessária a seleção de cultivares mais eficientes na absorção e utilização dos nutrientes minerais. Foram avaliados quatro cultivares de cafeeiro arábica (Acaiá IAC 474 19, Icatu Amarelo IAC 3282, Rubi MG 1192 e Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99) quanto à eficiência na produção de frutos e alocação relativa de nutrientes. O experimento foi conduzido em Viçosa MG, em condições de campo, no delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, envolvendo quatro cultivares, quatro repetições e três níveis de adubação (baixo, normal e alto). As parcelas úteis constituíram-se de nove plantas espaçadas de 2 x 1 m. O cultivar Icatu Amarelo IAC 3282 foi o mais produtivo no ambiente com restrição de nutrientes, enquanto Rubi MG 1192 e Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99 mostraram-se mais produtivos em ambientes com alto suprimento de nutrientes. A eficiência de produção de café em coco por unidade de P, Ca, Mg e B acumulados na planta foi maior no nível alto de adubação. Os cultivares Rubi MG-1192 e Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99 apresentaram maior eficiência de utilização de nutrientes para produção de frutos no nível alto de adubação. Considerando a média de alocação relativa de nutrientes nos frutos para os quatro cultivares, no nível normal de adubação, verificou-se que eles possuem 38,1% do N, 46,34% do P, 40,19% do S, 42,68% do K, 13,19% do Ca, 25,04% do Mg, 40,63% do Cu, 19,49% do Zn e 17,73% do B.

Optimal 3-T MRI for depiction of the finger A2 pulley: comparison between T1-weighted, fat-saturated T2-weighted and gadolinium-enhanced fat-saturated T1-weighted sequences

OBJECTIVE: To compare three spin-echo sequences, transverse T1-weighted (T1WI), transverse fat-saturated (FS) T2-weighted (T2WI), and transverse gadolinium-enhanced (Gd) FS T1WI, for the visualisation of normal and abnormal finger A2 pulley with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging at 3 tesla (T). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-three fingers from 21 patients were consecutively investigated. Two musculoskeletal radiologists retrospectively compared all sequences to assess the visibility of normal and abnormal A2 pulleys and the presence of motion or ghost artefacts. RESULTS: Normal and abnormal A2 pulleys were visible in 94% (59/63) and 95% (60/63) on T1WI sequences, in 63% (40/63) and 60% (38/63) on FS T2WI sequences, and in 87% (55/63) and 73% (46/63) on Gd FS T1WI sequences when read by the first and second observer, respectively. Motion and ghost artefacts were higher on FS T2WI sequences. Seven among eight abnormal A2 pulleys were detected, and were best depicted with Gd FS T1WI sequences in 71% (5/7) and 86% (6/7) by the first and the second observer, respectively. CONCLUSION: In 3-T MRI, the comparison between transverse T1WI, FS T2WI, and Gd FS T1WI sequences shows that transverse T1WI allows excellent depiction of the A2 pulley, that FS T2WI suffers from a higher rate of motion and ghost artefacts, and transverse Gd FS T1WI is the best sequence for the depiction of abnormal A2 pulley.

Leishmania infection and host-blood feeding preferences of phlebotomine sandflies and canine leishmaniasis in an endemic European area, the Algarve Region in Portugal

The Algarve Region (AR) in southern Portugal, which is an international tourist destination, has been considered an endemic region of zoonotic leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum since the 1980s. In the present study, phlebotomine and canine surveys were conducted to identify sandfly blood meal sources and to update the occurrence of Leishmania infection in vectors and dogs. Four sandfly species were captured: Phlebotomus perniciosus, Phlebotomus ariasi, Phlebotomus sergenti and Sergentomyia minuta. In one P. perniciosus female, L. infantum DNA was detected. Blood meal tests showed that this species had no host preferences and was an opportunistic feeder. An overall canine leishmaniasis (CanL) seroprevalence of 16.06% was found; the seroprevalence was 3.88% in dogs housed in kennels and 40.63% in dogs that attended veterinary clinics. The simultaneous occurrence of dogs and P. perniciosus infected with L. infantum in the AR indicates that the region continues to be an endemic area for CanL. Our results reinforce the need for the systematic spatial distribution of phlebotomine populations and their Leishmania infection rates and the need to simultaneously perform pathogen monitoring in both invertebrate and vertebrate hosts to investigate the transmission, distribution and spreading of Leishmania infection.

Candidatus Rickettsia andeanae, a spotted fever group agent infecting Amblyomma parvum ticks in two Brazilian biomes

Adult ticks of the species Amblyomma parvum were collected from the vegetation in the Pantanal biome (state of Mato Grosso do Sul) and from horses in the Cerrado biome (state of Piauí) in Brazil. The ticks were individually tested for rickettsial infection via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting three rickettsial genes, gltA, ompA and ompB. Overall, 63.5% (40/63) and 66.7% (2/3) of A. parvum ticks from Pantanal and Cerrado, respectively, contained rickettsial DNA, which were all confirmed by DNA sequencing to be 100% identical to the corresponding fragments of the gltA, ompA and ompB genes of Candidatus Rickettsia andeanae. This report is the first to describe Ca. R. andeanae in Brazil.

The Toarcian in the Subbetic basin (southern Spain): Bio-events (ammonite and calcareous nannofossils) and carbon-isotope stratigraphy

A detailed carbon-isotope stratigraphic study for the uppermost Pliensbachian lowermost Aalenian interval in the Median Subbetic palaeogeographic domain (External zones of the Betic Cordillera, southern Spain) has been carried out. During the Early Jurassic, the Median Subbetic, which represents a typical basin of the Hispanic Corridor connecting the Tethys and the Eastern Pacific, was located in the westernmost Tethys. The analyzed sections encompass the entire Toarcian stage as represented in the southern Iberian palaeomargin. Rocks are mainly rhythmic sequences of grey marls and marly limestones containing a rich ammonite fauna, nannofossils, and benthic foraminifers-all these provide an accurate biostratigraphic control. The lower and upper Toarcian boundaries are well represented in some of these sections and therefore represent optimal sites to link the carbon-isotope curves to ammonite zones, and to nannofossil events. delta C-13 values of bulk carbonates from the different localities of the Subbetic basin have similar variations from the uppermost Pliensbachian to the lowermost Aalenian, suggesting changes in the original DIC carbon isotope composition along the Hispanic corridor. The transition from Pliensbachian to Toarcian is marked by increasing delta C-13 values from similar to 12 to 2.0 parts per thousand, interrupted in the Serpentinum Zone by a negative shift concomitant with the Toarcian oceanic anoxic event (T-OAE), with the major ammonite extinction event of the Toarcian, and an important turnover of calcareous nannoplankton. The negative shift observed in the Serpentinum Zone confirms the global perturbation of the carbon cycling documented along the Tethys and the palaeo-Pacific in organic material and in marine carbonates. However, the amplitude of the negative excursion (similar to - 1.5 parts per thousand) is not compatible with an isotopic homogeneous seawater DIC and/or CO2 atmospheric reservoirs. The interval from the middle to the top of the Toarcian delta C-13 shows relatively constant values, minor ammonite turnovers, and is associated with increasing diversity of calcareous nannoplankton. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Diversidade e estrutura comunitária de cerrado sensu stricto em afloramentos rochosos no parque estadual dos Pireneus, Goiás

(Diversidade e estrutura comunitária de cerrado sensu stricto em afloramentos rochosos no Parque Estadual dos Pireneus, Goiás). Este estudo foi realizado no Parque Estadual dos Pireneus e tem como objetivo analisar a composição florística e a estrutura comunitária do componente lenhoso do cerrado sensu stricto sobre afloramentos de rochas e comparar os resultados com outros locais. A área localiza-se entre as coordenadas 15°48'42"-47" S e 48°52'40"-63" W, a 1.310 m de altitude média. Dez parcelas de 20 m × 50 m (1.000 m²) foram alocadas aleatoriamente onde mediu-se todos os indivíduos lenhosos com diâmetro do tronco igual ou superior a 5 cm, tomado a 30 cm do solo. O estudo registrou 65 espécies, pertencentes a 51 gêneros e 35 famílias. As famílias mais representativas quanto ao número de espécies foram: Myrtaceae (oito spp.), Fabaceae (sete spp.) e Melastomataceae (seis spp.). As doze primeiras espécies em VI foram responsáveis por mais de 50% da dominância e densidade totais. A densidade foi de 1.105 indivíduos ha-1 e a área basal 11,03 m² ha-1. O índice de diversidade de Shannon (H') foi de 3,65 nats ind-1e encontra-se dentro da faixa de variação de estudos em cerrado sensu stricto. Os agrupamentos das parcelas do parque gerados pela análise de classificação mostraram que este cerrado é composto por espécies características do local como Schwartzia adamantium (Cambess.) Bedell ex Giraldo-Cañas, Alchornea triplinervia (Spreng.) Müll. Arg. e Clusia burchellii Engl., espécies generalistas das fisionomias de cerrado e também espécies mais comuns em mata de galeria, e apresenta estrutura similar a esta vegetação em outras condições edáficas.

Nutritional characteristics of biofortified common beans

Iron and zinc deficiency can cause anemia and alterations in the immune response and impair work capacity. To minimize this problem, biofortification has been developed to improve and/or maintain the nutritional status of the population. Beans are an important source of carbohydrates, proteins, and minerals. The objective of this study is to characterize biofortified beans, quantify the minerals in different cultivars, and determine mineral dialysis. Grains of raw and cooked beans were analyzed for moisture, protein, lipids, fiber, minerals, and in vitro availability using four treatments and one control. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, and the Tukey test (p<0.05). The chemical composition of the raw and cooked treatments showed a moisture content ranging from 13.4 to 81.4%, protein from 22.24 to 31.59%, lipids from 1.66 to 2.22%, fiber from 16.81 to 40.63%, carbohydrates from 27.80 to 34.78%, and ash from 4.1 to 4.82%. Different varieties of beans showed statistically significant differences in iron and zinc content compared to the control cultivar (Pérola). The iron content differed significantly from that of the Pérola cultivar in the raw treatment, while in the cooked treatment, the control cultivar did not differ from the Piratã. The same behavior was observed for the zinc content in both treatments. There was no significant difference between the cultivars in the treatments in terms of the content of the dialysis of Calcium (Ca), Iron (Fe), Magnesium (Mg), and Zinc (Zn).

“Nadie es profeta en su tierra”: Etnografía económica de las dinámicas comerciales de los Kichwa-Otavalo en San Victorino, Bogotá

La presente monografía describe las dinámicas económicas de los Kichwas Otavalo en la zona comercial de San Victorino, Bogotá. Dichas dinámicas son examinadas a partir de la Nueva Sociología Económica (Smelser & Swedberg, 2005) y la Etnografía Económica (Dufy & Weber, 2009) para mostrar las divergentes racionalidades que surgen al interior del mercado. Esto nos lleva a debatir con la ciencia económica ortodoxa y los supuestos que manejan frente a la racionalidad, el mercado y la competencia. A lo largo del texto se sostiene la importancia de los marcos de transacción (Dufy & Weber, 2009), su trascendencia, y su factibilidad para entender las dinámicas históricas, económicas y comerciales que rodean la venta ambulante en San Victorino. Por otro lado mostramos cómo estos mismos marcos de transacción se reflejan en las dinámicas comerciales de este grupo indígena oriundo del Norte de Ecuador. Se hace un recuento de su historia y de los tipos de negocios en los que resultó la tradicional venta ambulante en la capital colombiana. Las racionalidades de estos son resumidas en dos tipos de racionalidades (tradicional y modernista) que derivan tanto en grandes logros como en grandes problemáticas al interior de la comunidad. El caso, en suma, demuestra que la racionalidad económica es mucho más compleja de lo que la teoría económica ortodoxa desea admitir. Nadie es profeta en su tierra.

Desempenho e comportamento de ovinos em gestação e lactação nos diferentes estágios fenológicos de azevém anual sob pastejo

O experimento foi conduzido na Estação Experimental Agronômica, UFRGS, Eldorado do Sul (30º05’22” S; 51º39’08” W), com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho e comportamento ingestivo de ovinos em fim de gestação e início de lactação nos diferentes estágios fenológicos do azevém anual (Lolium multiflorum Lam.): vegetativo, pré-florescimento e florescimento. As maiores taxas de acúmulo diário de matéria seca (MS) foram registradas nos estágios vegetativo (70kg/ha/dia) e pré-florescimento de azevém anual (44kg/ha/dia) e as menores taxas no estágio de florescimento (30kg/ha/dia). As porcentagens de digestibilidade in vitro da matéria orgânica (80,5, 71,4 e 60,7%) e da proteína bruta (23,7, 21,2 e 19,4%) apresentaram a mesma tendência. Estes efeitos foram acompanhados por redução de folhas e aumento de colmos proporcionais de 66 e 42 para 35% e 18 e 29 para 41% nos estágios vegetativo, pré-florescimento e florescimento, respectivamente. Em resposta a estes parâmetros, observou-se variações no comportamento ingestivo dos ovinos tais como nos tempos de pastejo diário (9,65, 10,97 e 10,68h), nas taxas de bocados (52,65, 51,93 e 40,63 bocados/min) e nos tamanhos de bocados (0,064, 0,055 e 0,048g/bocado) que determinaram diferentes consumos de forragem estimado por simulação de pastejo (4,48%, 3,91% e 2,72% P.V.). Estes resultados evidenciam o alto potencial do azevém anual em termos de ganho de peso vivo nos estágios vegetativo (225kg/ha) e pré-florescimento (145kg/ha). Estes registros também evidenciam o efeito negativo da redução na qualidade da forragem no estágio de florescimento sobre o consumo voluntário e o rendimento animal (1,2kg/ha).