Residues of spinosad in the tissues of sheep after aerosol treatment of blowfly myiasis

Objective To measure the residues of spinosad and chlorhexidine in the tissues of sheep after treatment of blowfly strike. Procedure Fourteen sheep with natural myiasis and 12 with artificial infestations of Lucilia cuprina larvae had the wool removed over their infestations and were treated with an aerosol wound dressing containing spinosad and chlorhexidine. Sheep were killed up to 14 days after treatment and residues of the chemicals measured in tissues. Results Chlorhexidine was not detected in any tissue. Residues of spinosad were highest in fat, lowest in muscle and intermediate in liver and kidney. The highest residue detected was 0.2 mg/kg spinosad in perirenal fat 7 days after generous treatment of a sheep with a large fly strike. Residues of spinosad in fat peaked 3 to 7 days after treatment and 1 to 3 days after treatment in liver and kidney. Conclusion These studies present a realistic worst-case in struck sheep and at the highest dose studied, equivalent to 5.8 mg spinosad per kg body weight, the maximum residue detected of 0.2 mg/kg in peri-renal fat was 20% of the Australian maximum residue limit. Muscle, liver and kidney residues of spinosad were also below the Australian maximum residue limits at all times.

Oral Myiasis in a Captive Hippopotamus

Causes of dental infections can be related to failed dental eruption, malocclusion, abrasion, fractures with or without exposure of the dental pulp, and periodontal disease. Reports of oral myiasis in megavertebrates in captivity air infrequent, perhaps due to the difficulty in observing the oral cavity in such species. This report describes a case of oral myiasis in an adult male hippopotamus in the gingival area and alveolar mucosa of the left mandibular canine tooth. J Vet Dent 26 (3); 168 170,2009

Myiasis gastrointestinal humana por Eristalis tenax

Son caracterizadas las myiasis registradas en Bariloche y establecidas las condiciones probables bajo las cuales se produjeron las infestaciones. Las larvas obtenidas a partir de heces de 2 pacientes fueron identificadas como Eristalis tenax (Diptera: Syrphidae) de acuerdo a las claves de Hartley (1961) y Organización Panamericana de la Salud (1962). Estos 2 casos de myiasis gastrointestinal humana constituyen los primeros registrados en Bariloche (Patagonia, Argentina) y sus características responden a las registradas para esta especie de Díptera en otras partes del mundo. La falta de control específico en el sistema domiciliario de suministro de agua ha sido la causa más probable de la infestación. Este registro extiende la distribución de E. tenax y de las myiasis gastrointestinales humanas en América del Sur hasta los 41º 03' S.

Expression of circulating leucocytes before, during and after myiasis by Dermatobia hominis in experimentally infected rats

Expression of circulating white blood cells was investigated in rats (Rattus norvegicus) experimentally infected with larvae of Dermatobia hominis, the human bot fly. Leucocytes were counted prior to infection (control group) as well as at 6, 10, 15, 20 and 28 days post-infection (dpi) and at 7, 15, 30 and 60 days post-larval emergence (dple). Total leucocyte numbers did not differ markedly among the groups. Significant differences were registered when values from control and animals harboring each larval stage of D. hominis were compared; with crescent rank: L1-, L2-, control and L3-infected groups. Leucocyte numbers were significantly higher in the control, 15, 20 or 28 dpi groups than in the 6 dpi animals. Higher counts were observed in control, L2- or L3-infected rats than L1-infected animals. Neutrophils, eosinophils and both large and small lymphocytes were also counted and analyzed. Basophils and monocytes were insufficient in number to permit statistical studies. These results stimulate the continuity of the studies about the host-parasite relationship in the dermatobiosis.

Spleen cell proliferation during and after skin myiasis by human bot fly Dermatobia hominis

Spleen cells from mice were examined at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 days post-infection (dpi) with Dermatobia hominis larva and at 5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 days post-larval emergence (dple). Cell proliferation in vitro assays were carried out with RPMI-1640 medium and larval secretory product (LSP) of D. hominis at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 days. When each group of mice was tested against each medium, significance was only seen for 25 dpi, with increasing order: LSP-10 d, -25 d, -5 d, -20 d, -15 d and RPMI. Significant results were also observed when each medium was tested against mice at each dpi or dple. Each dple group vs. each medium produced significant results only for 10 dple, with increasing order: LSP-5 d, -20 d, -25 d, -10 d, -15 d and RPMI. Comparative tests were also carried out between groups to refine certain observations. The LSPs were also analyzed using SDS-PAGE. The results prove that myiasis caused depletion of spleen cells, particularly under the effect of the LSP-10 and -15, but the cells tended to increase up to 60 dple. This in vitro assay may represent the real systemic immune response in the relationship LSP-D. hominis-host.

Incidence of myiasis in Panama during the eradication of Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel 1858, Diptera: Calliphoridae) (2002-2005)

We present the results of a study on myiasis in Panama during the first years of a Cochliomyia hominivorax eradication program (1998-2005), with the aim of investigating the behavior of the flies that produce myiasis in animals and human beings. The hosts that registered positive for myiasis were cattle (46.4%), dogs (15.3%), humans (14.7%), birds (12%), pigs (6%), horses (4%), and sheep (1%). Six fly species caused myiasis: Dermatobia hominis (58%), Phaenicia spp. (20%), Cochliomyia macellaria (19%), Chrysomya rufifacies (0.4%), and maggots of unidentified species belonging to the Sarcophagidae (3%) and Muscidae (0.3%). With the Dubois index, was no evidence that the absence of C. hominivorax allowed an increase in the cases of facultative myiasis.

Essays on the history of brazilian dipterology: III. Three remarkable notices from the 18th century, mainly related to myiasis-producing flies (Cochliomyia and Dermatobia)

This paper registers reports about dipterans made by three Portuguese who lived in Brazil during the 18th century. Luiz Gomes Ferreira, in his book "Erário mineral" ["Mineral revenue"], wrote curious passages related with myiasis-causing flies of the genus Cochliomyia. José Rodrigues de Mello registered, in Latin verses, the folklore for curing myiases caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax in cattle. Luiz dos Santos Vilhena, in the last of his twenty letters dealing with several aspects of life in Brazil, made reference to horseflies, human bot flies and mosquitos.

Cavernous sinus thrombosis in a patient with facial myiasis

Cavernous sinus thrombosis is a severe encephalic complication of the cervicofacial infections that can lead to death if not treated in adequate time. Among the several etiologies related to the development of this infection, myiasis has not been reported, enforcing the importance of the report of a case of thrombosis of the cavernous sinus developed from a facial myiasis. (Quintessence Int 2010;41:e72-e74)

Megaselia scalaris (Diptera : Phoridae) causing myiasis in Crotalus durissus terrificus (Serpentes : Viperidae) in Brazil

We describe a case of myiasis in Crotalus durissus terrificus (Laurenti) caused by Megaselia scalaris (Loew). The snake was Found in Anhembi, São Paulo, Brazil, with a lesion measuring 25 mm in diameter where the larvae of M. scalaris had penetrated the ribs. The opportunistic behavior of the larvae of M. scalaris is discussed.

Primary myiasis in dog caused by Phaenicia eximia (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and preliminary mitochondrial DNA analysis of the species in Brazil

A case of primary myiasis in a dog caused by Phaenicia eximia (Robineau-Desvoidy) in Brazil is presented. A young and healthy female dog, Canis familiaris, approximate to 10 d old and still under maternal care, was found to have several eggs and Is: instars larvae in its abdomen and urogenital regions. Samples were collected in Campinas, São Paulo, and transferred to the laboratory for rearing and identification. A comparative analysis of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) with 12 restriction enzymes in 2 sampled populations of P. eximia collected in different hosts (live dog and bovine carcass) and in the same locality revealed that 4, EcoRI, EcoRV, HaeIII, and MspI were suitable for detecting mtDNA markers in the 2 populations.

Myiasis in Palate by Cochliomyia hominivorax

Myiasis is the infestation of tissues and organs of animals and humans caused by the larvae of certain dipteran flies. It is more common in undeveloped and tropical countries and usually affects elderly patients, persons who are sick, and patients with mental illness. Oral myiasis is a rare pathologic condition and a risk to the patient's life because of its great destructive potential. Therefore, appropriate treatment is necessary. This article aimed to report a case of myiasis caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax in the palate of a patient with primary progressive aphasia, which was successfully treated through mechanical removal of larvae plus administration of ivermectin.

Treatment of oral myiasis caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax: two cases treated with ivermectin

The term myiasis is applied to the injurious action that larvae of certain diptera Cause to the organism of Vertebrate animals in the living or dead tissue in which they grow. Because of its great destructive potential. appropriate and preventative treatment are necessary. Among, the sites of infestation. the human mouth is a common site. mainly in tropical countries. We present two cases of oral myiasis Caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax spp. Ivermectin is all extremely effective semi-synthetic macrolides, in the treatment of, this condition. (C) 2008 The British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.