One thousand American Fungi : how to select and cook the edible : how to distinguish and avoid the poisonous : giving full botanic descriptions : made easy for reader and student /

Half title: American fungi.

Führer für Pilzfreunde. Die am haüfigsten vorkommenden essbaren, verdächtigen und giftigen Pilze.

Description faces each plate.

Führer für Pilzfreunde. Die am haüfigsten vorkommenden essbaren, verdächtigen und giftigen Pilze.

Description faces each plate.

Führer für Pilzfreunde. Die am haüfigsten vorkommenden essbaren, verdächtigen und giftigen Pilze.

Description faces each plate.

De fungis venenatis /

Vita.

Abbildung und Beschreibung der in Deutschland wild wachsenden und in Gärten im Freien ausdauernden Giftgewächse nach natürlichen Familien erläutert /

V. 1 is 2nd ed., v. 2 is 1st ed.

Traité des champignons comestibles, suspects et vénéneux, qui croissent dans le bassin sous-Pyrénéen.

Mode of access: Internet.

Traité sur les champignons comestibles : contenant l'indication des espèces nuisibles, précédé d'une introduction à l'histoire des champignons /

Includes index.

Naturgetreue abbildungen und beschreibungen der essbaren, schädlichen und verdächtigen Schwämme /

Mode of access: Internet.

Student's hand-book of mushrooms of America, edible and poisonous. Published in serial form.

"Bibliography"v. 1, p. 24; no. 3. p. 21-22; v. 4, p. 12-18; no. 3. p. 22-23.

Edible and poisonous fungi. (With 25 coloured plates.)

"The Board of agriculture published in 1910 a small handbook containing 25 coloured plates. This ... has been for some years out of print, and the Ministry ... has decided to republish. In the present edition the nomenclature and text-matter have been brought up-to-date. Some of the old plates have been omitted ... In their place seven new plates have been inserted."--Foreword.

Analysis of Daphnane Orthoesters in Poisonous Australian Pimelea Species by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

Cattle grazing in arid rangelands of Australia suffer periodic extensive and serious poisoning by the plant species Pimelea trichostachya, P. simplex, and P. elongata. Pimelea poisoning (also known as St. George disease and Marree disease) has been attributed to the presence of the diterpenoid orthoester simplexin in these species. However, literature relating to previous studies is complicated by taxonomic revisions, and the presence of simplexin has not previously been verified in all currently recognized taxa capable of inducing pimelea poisoning syndrome, with no previous chemical studies of P. trichostachya (as currently classified) or P. simplex subsp. continua. We report here the isolation of simplexin from P. trichostachya and the development of a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to measure simplexin concentrations in pimelea plant material. Simplexin was quantified by positive-ion atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) LC-MS/MS with selected reaction monitoring (SRM) of the m/z 533.3 > 253.3 transition. LC-MS/MS analysis of the four poisonous taxa P. trichostachya, P. elongata, P. simplex subsp. continua, and P. simplex subsp. simplex showed similar profiles with simplexin as the major diterpenoid ester component in all four taxa accompanied by varying amounts of related orthoesters. Similar analyses of P. decora, P. haematostachya, and P. microcephala also demonstrated the presence of simplexin in these species but at far lower concentrations, consistent with the limited reports of stock poisoning associated with these species. The less common, shrubby species P. penicillaris contained simplexin at up to 55 mg/kg dry weight and would be expected to cause poisoning if animals consumed sufficient plant material.

LC/MS/MS analysis of the daphnane orthoester simplexin in poisonous Pimelea species of Australian rangelands.

Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (MS)/MS was used to analyse toxins in P. trichostachia, P. simplex subsp. continua, P. simplex subsp. continua and P. elongata samples (flowers, seeds, branches, main stem, leaves and roots) collected from various locations in Queensland, Saskatchewan and New South Wales, Australia. Simplexin was the major analyte in all taxa, with varying minor levels of huratoxin. Simplexin levels in P. trichostachia and P. elongata were higher (580 and 540 mg/kg in flowering foliage, respectively) than in P. simplex (255 mg/kg). Levels of huratoxin were higher in P. simplex (relative to simplexin) than in P. trichostachia or P. elongata. P. simplex flower heads and roots contained similar simplexin levels, with very small amounts of toxins detected in branches, stems and leaves. In P. trichostachia, simplexin levels were high in flower heads but low in the the other plant parts. The simplexin levels in aerial parts were generally higher from the pre-flowering to the flowering stage, decreasing towards the post-flowering stage; similar trends were recorded for P.elongata samples collected from a site near Bollon and P. trichostachia samples collected from a site near Jericho (both sites in Queensland). The simplexin concentration in roots was much less variable. Flowers and seeds had much higher simplexin levels than the foliage. The breakdown of the toxin in litter was more rapid compared to seeds under the same weathering conditions. Unlike the results from the litter samples, no significant decrease occurred in seed samples after 18 months of exposure.

Herbicides to control poisonous Pimelea species (Thymelaeaceae)

Pimelea poisoning is an ongoing, periodically serious problem for cattle producers in inland Australia. The annual native plants of the Thymelaeaceae family that cause the problem are widespread and animal management is currently the main means of minimizing poisoning. However, there are situations in the higher rainfall parts of the natural distribution area of these plants where farming and quite intensive property development do occur and here the use of selective herbicides may be an option. This research looked for herbicides that could be considered for registration for Pimelea control, bearing in mind the large potential costs involved if used over large areas. Group I hormone herbicides (for example 2,4-D) were quite effective as was metsulfuron-methyl and glyphosate at doses commonly registered for use on broad-leafed weeds. On the basis of minimizing costs and quickly suppressing seed-set, metsulfuron-methyl at 3.5e5 g a.i. ha1 and 2,4-D at 375e500 g a.i. ha1 were the most promising. Where medic (Medicago spp.) persistence is vital, 2,4-DB at 240e300 g a.i. ha1 could be used and glyphosate at 1 kg a.i. ha1 would be effective on fallowed ground if costwas not an overriding concern.