Spondylostrobus F. Mueller: operculate fruits of an extinct dicotyledon from the mid-Tertiary of Australia

Spondylostrobus F. Mueller, which accommodates operculate fruit-stones reported only from the mid-Tertiary of Australia, is redefined on the basis of type and other specimens of the type species, S. smythii F. Mueller, and of specimens included in S. rozefeldsii sp. nov. The globose to ellipsoidal fruits have 3-6 locules symmetrically disposed around a massive fibrous axis. Each locule has a single anatropous ovule, axile placentation, and a dorsal germination operculum that extends from near the base to the apex. In possessing these characters Spondylostrobus more closely resembles operculate fruits within the tribe Spondiadeae (Anacardiaceae) than operculate fruits of other dicotyledonous families. Spondylostrobus has widespread distribution in Oligocene-Miocene sediments of eastern Australia. At many localities it is associated with fruit-stones having affinities with extant taxa that now occur in rainforests, monsoonal forests, and fringing communities of northern Australia. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

USE OF MUELLER-HINTON BROTH AND AGAR IN THE GERM TUBE TEST

Candida albicans is often isolated from clinical samples, thus its presumptive differentiation from other species of the same genus can be based on its ability to form the germ tube in human serum. Nevertheless, there are two other species that share this characteristic: C. dubliniensis and C. africana. The aim of this study was to compare four different substrates to perform the germ tube (GT) test. The Candida spp. isolates were identified using a manual system (135 C. albicans, 24 C. tropicalis and one C. dubliniensis). The germ tube test was performed with fresh, previously frozen serum and Mueller-Hinton (MH) broth and agar. GT was observed in 96% (130/136) of the isolates through the fresh serum technique, 94% (128/136) through previously frozen serum, 92% (125/136) in MH agar, and 90% (122/136) in MH broth. The sensitivity of each test was higher than 90%, with 100% specificity. Both the MH agar and broth were able to identify the true positives, and false positives were not found. However, some C. albicans isolates were not identified. MH agar and broth may be used in laboratory for the rapid presumptive identification of C. albicans, as an alternative method for germ tube test.

Flora australiensis:a description of the plants of the Australian territory /by George Bentham, assisted by Ferdinand Mueller.

v. 1

Flora australiensis:a description of the plants of the Australian territory /by George Bentham, assisted by Ferdinand Mueller.

v. 2

Fragmenta phytographiæ Australiæ /contulit Ferdinandus Mueller.

v.1 1858-59

Fragmenta phytographiæ Australiæ /contulit Ferdinandus Mueller.

v.2 1860-61

Fragmenta phytographiæ Australiæ /contulit Ferdinandus Mueller.

v.3 1862-63

Fragmenta phytographiæ Australiæ /contulit Ferdinandus Mueller.

v.4 1863-64

Fragmenta phytographiæ Australiæ /contulit Ferdinandus Mueller.

v.5 1865-66

Fragmenta phytographiæ Australiæ /contulit Ferdinandus Mueller.

v.6 1867-68

Fragmenta phytographiæ Australiæ /contulit Ferdinandus Mueller.

v.7 1869-71

Fragmenta phytographiæ Australiæ /contulit Ferdinandus Mueller.

v.8 1872-74

Fragmenta phytographiæ Australiæ /contulit Ferdinandus Mueller.

v.9 1875

Fragmenta phytographiæ Australiæ /contulit Ferdinandus Mueller.

v.10 1876-77

Fragmenta phytographiæ Australiæ /contulit Ferdinandus Mueller.

v.11 1878-81