1000 resultados para Mudanças institucionais e socioecnómicas políticas de educação superior


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PhD thesis in Educational Sciences (specialization in Politics of Education).

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The Federal Institution for Education, Science and Technology, in its historical path, has been living different changes. The transformations occurred along the way have been determined by coercive forces from the institutional environment, which has became more and more broad and complex throughout the time, obtaining diverse characteristics and new elements such as non institutional factors1 which started to contribute with the other changes. In this context, this work aims to study the isomorphic practices of the managers in the institutional changes process of the IFRN in 1998 and 2008, as of a theoretical coevolutionary perspective (CHILD; RODRIGUES; LEWIN; CARROL; VOLBERDA, 2003). This theory brings a new point of view for the organization analysis to the organizational studies, since it offers a non deterministic and non linear lection of the evolution process, which means, a coevolution. Thus, the organizations and their institutional and non institutional environment auto evolve, auto organize and auto reproduce. Therefore, the institutional and non institutional factors of the macro environment keep a continuous interdependence relationship with the organizations. For the means of this study, it is important to understand that is impossible to comprehend the object, the isomorphic practices, without considering that the previous institutional changes and its evolutions, its continuations and discontinuations, important in the coevolution process. As such, to call upon the institutional historical track is a fundamental aspect to materialize this study, for the recursive movement is indeed present in the coevolution. Another important point to make this research effective is that it is not possible to abdicate from the hologramatic view2 of this study, which considers the object, the isomorphic practices, part of the whole and this whole is also in the parts, therefore it is impossible to comprehend the object of study outside the context where it belongs. With this, as of the objective previously proposed, it is necessary to describe the characteristics of coevolution of the institutional changes related in 1998 and 2008; analyze the dynamic of the isomorphic mechanisms in its respective institutional change process; and describe the lessons learned which the isomorphic practices left to the IFRN, regarding its benefits and difficulties. All these transformations happened through coercive forces3 of the institutional environment. As of the Nineties, these forces became stronger, the environment became broader and more complex, with the emergency of new environmental factors. This study proposed to study the managing process and its practices, related to the micro environment, although it is required to articulate these actions, the demands and requirements from the macro environment. To make this research effective, semi structured interviews have been conducted with the managers who participated in both institutional change processes. In the results analysis, it has been possible to verify the particularity of each change, the one from 1998 with a strong normative action of the managers against coercive forces from the government for the search of recognition and the institutional legitimation and the one in 2008, which has been characterized by the normative action by managers in agreement with the coercive forces from the government, in favor of the government policy for the technological professional education. However, the results analysis it is possible to notice the evidence of a belonging feeling from the interviewed managers

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The Federal Institution for Education, Science and Technology, in its historical path, has been living different changes. The transformations occurred along the way have been determined by coercive forces from the institutional environment, which has became more and more broad and complex throughout the time, obtaining diverse characteristics and new elements such as non institutional factors1 which started to contribute with the other changes. In this context, this work aims to study the isomorphic practices of the managers in the institutional changes process of the IFRN in 1998 and 2008, as of a theoretical coevolutionary perspective (CHILD; RODRIGUES; LEWIN; CARROL; VOLBERDA, 2003). This theory brings a new point of view for the organization analysis to the organizational studies, since it offers a non deterministic and non linear lection of the evolution process, which means, a coevolution. Thus, the organizations and their institutional and non institutional environment auto evolve, auto organize and auto reproduce. Therefore, the institutional and non institutional factors of the macro environment keep a continuous interdependence relationship with the organizations. For the means of this study, it is important to understand that is impossible to comprehend the object, the isomorphic practices, without considering that the previous institutional changes and its evolutions, its continuations and discontinuations, important in the coevolution process. As such, to call upon the institutional historical track is a fundamental aspect to materialize this study, for the recursive movement is indeed present in the coevolution. Another important point to make this research effective is that it is not possible to abdicate from the hologramatic view2 of this study, which considers the object, the isomorphic practices, part of the whole and this whole is also in the parts, therefore it is impossible to comprehend the object of study outside the context where it belongs. With this, as of the objective previously proposed, it is necessary to describe the characteristics of coevolution of the institutional changes related in 1998 and 2008; analyze the dynamic of the isomorphic mechanisms in its respective institutional change process; and describe the lessons learned which the isomorphic practices left to the IFRN, regarding its benefits and difficulties. All these transformations happened through coercive forces3 of the institutional environment. As of the Nineties, these forces became stronger, the environment became broader and more complex, with the emergency of new environmental factors. This study proposed to study the managing process and its practices, related to the micro environment, although it is required to articulate these actions, the demands and requirements from the macro environment. To make this research effective, semi structured interviews have been conducted with the managers who participated in both institutional change processes. In the results analysis, it has been possible to verify the particularity of each change, the one from 1998 with a strong normative action of the managers against coercive forces from the government for the search of recognition and the institutional legitimation and the one in 2008, which has been characterized by the normative action by managers in agreement with the coercive forces from the government, in favor of the government policy for the technological professional education. However, the results analysis it is possible to notice the evidence of a belonging feeling from the interviewed managers

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The Federal Institution for Education, Science and Technology, in its historical path, has been living different changes. The transformations occurred along the way have been determined by coercive forces from the institutional environment, which has became more and more broad and complex throughout the time, obtaining diverse characteristics and new elements such as non institutional factors1 which started to contribute with the other changes. In this context, this work aims to study the isomorphic practices of the managers in the institutional changes process of the IFRN in 1998 and 2008, as of a theoretical coevolutionary perspective (CHILD; RODRIGUES; LEWIN; CARROL; VOLBERDA, 2003). This theory brings a new point of view for the organization analysis to the organizational studies, since it offers a non deterministic and non linear lection of the evolution process, which means, a coevolution. Thus, the organizations and their institutional and non institutional environment auto evolve, auto organize and auto reproduce. Therefore, the institutional and non institutional factors of the macro environment keep a continuous interdependence relationship with the organizations. For the means of this study, it is important to understand that is impossible to comprehend the object, the isomorphic practices, without considering that the previous institutional changes and its evolutions, its continuations and discontinuations, important in the coevolution process. As such, to call upon the institutional historical track is a fundamental aspect to materialize this study, for the recursive movement is indeed present in the coevolution. Another important point to make this research effective is that it is not possible to abdicate from the hologramatic view2 of this study, which considers the object, the isomorphic practices, part of the whole and this whole is also in the parts, therefore it is impossible to comprehend the object of study outside the context where it belongs. With this, as of the objective previously proposed, it is necessary to describe the characteristics of coevolution of the institutional changes related in 1998 and 2008; analyze the dynamic of the isomorphic mechanisms in its respective institutional change process; and describe the lessons learned which the isomorphic practices left to the IFRN, regarding its benefits and difficulties. All these transformations happened through coercive forces3 of the institutional environment. As of the Nineties, these forces became stronger, the environment became broader and more complex, with the emergency of new environmental factors. This study proposed to study the managing process and its practices, related to the micro environment, although it is required to articulate these actions, the demands and requirements from the macro environment. To make this research effective, semi structured interviews have been conducted with the managers who participated in both institutional change processes. In the results analysis, it has been possible to verify the particularity of each change, the one from 1998 with a strong normative action of the managers against coercive forces from the government for the search of recognition and the institutional legitimation and the one in 2008, which has been characterized by the normative action by managers in agreement with the coercive forces from the government, in favor of the government policy for the technological professional education. However, the results analysis it is possible to notice the evidence of a belonging feeling from the interviewed managers

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Este texto incide numa revisão teórica e numa reflexão acerca de referenciais de qualidade social para as políticas de educação superior brasileira. Discutir a educação superior no âmbito das políticas educacionais no Brasil requer a compreensão do fenómeno educativo em sua totalidade, considerando os mais diversos contextos da vida social e política. Nesse sentido, requer uma reflexão sobre a economia, a política, a cultura, a arte, as questões éticas, filosóficas, científicas, tecnológicas, curriculares, pedagógicas e demais dimensões da vida humana, o que será aqui fundamentado, enfatizando a importância de uma educação superior de qualidade.

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A educação superior faz parte dos setores de serviços negociáveis no Acordo Geral sobre Comércio de Serviços (Gats), um dos tratados de liberalização existente na Organização Mundial do Comércio (OMC). Neste artigo se busca analisar as conseqüências desta liberalização. Em específico, os impactos jurídicos das obrigações do Gats na conduta das políticas de educação superior de seus Membros. Entende-se que embora o Gats possua a potencialidade de gerar efeitos relevantes, seu modo de operação pode ser utilizado para anular ou minimizar seus efeitos, de acordo com o grau de liberalização pretendido por cada Membro. Por fim, o artigo apresenta um panorama sobre as posições dos Membros, destacando os argumentos pró e contra a liberalização da educação superior.

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Esta tese interpreta o caráter das mudanças que ocorrem na educação superior a partir do processo de reformas iniciado nos anos 1990. O contexto dos acontecimentos é o das reformas políticas com dimensão globalizada. Focalizou-se a diversificação institucional por meio do estudo de casos de centros universitários. A análise exigiu o estudo de disputas históricas, da legislação recente e de concepções e práticas sobre a vida acadêmica em instituições de ensino superior. A ótica sobre a realidade e sobre elementos da filosofia política, a partir de Hannah Arendt e de Jurgen Habermas, bem como da sociologia política de Boaventura de Souza Santos permitiram a constituição das categorias analíticas de caráter público e de legitimidade pública. A compreensão a que se chegou permite defender que a diversificação institucional na educação superior, uma tendência internacional, possui caráter público frágil e está presente no caso brasileiro, expressando-se por meio dos centros universitários, os quais, não possuindo identidade acadêmica consolidada, contam com baixa legitimidade no sistema, embora situem-se em um marco legal de definição crescente e tendam a aprimorar-se academicamente. Nos casos estudados, vê-se que a legitimidade pública existente é oriunda dos históricos institucionais comunitário e/ou confessional.

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O objectivo deste artigo é o de ir além da aparência de uma implementação suave do sistema LMD em França. Primeiro, o autor mostra um certo número de décalages. A universidade é enquadrada por redes que, por serem minoritárias, não deixam de ser menos importantes: as grandes écoles e o ensino superior não universitário. Esses sectores não entram no sistema 3.5.8. O essencial é, talvez, uma série de mudanças que adaptam o ensino superior ao novo espírito do capitalismo: uma organização em rede, uma filosofia social centrada sobre o projecto. Estas não estão directamente ligadas ao LMD mas apoiam-se neste novo contexto para progredir. Um cepticismo desenvolve-se sobre as vantagens do alongamento dos estudos. Uma nova concepção de justiça emerge, que advoga mais uma formação ao longo da vida. As medidas administrativas tomadas em nome do imperativo da accountability põem em execução um governo por normas de qualidade europeias. Enfim, a substituição de um quadro de referência nacional por um internacional conduz a uma mudança do modo de formação das elites. Não se trata tanto da reprodução da cultura clássica como de uma integração precoce em redes internacionais.

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A subscrição da Declaração de Bolonha por Portugal foi o primeiro passo num vórtice de mudanças no ensino superior, postulando a ruptura com todo um conjunto de pressupostos. Estas alterações interferem não só com interesses e valores do sistema educativo, mas com toda a sociedade. O estudo realizado teve como objectivo verificar o impacto das mudanças geradas pelo Processo de Bolonha no processo de ensino-aprendizagem numa instituição de ensino superior politécnico. No sentido de operacionalizar este objectivo, realizou-se um estudo de caso, utilizando uma metodologia de triangulação – temporal, metodológica e de dados. O estudo foi realizado no Instituto Superior de Contabilidade e Administração do Porto e decorreu em duas fases: 1ª fase, recolha de dados, em dois anos consecutivos, no mesmo grupo de estudantes e docentes da Licenciatura em Assessoria e Tradução; 2ª fase, alargamento do estudo a mais duas das licenciaturas leccionadas no ISCAP. Participaram neste estudo 206 estudantes e 92 docentes. Os resultados do estudo de caso realizado evidenciam, entre outras, a importância do papel do docente no processo de mudança e a necessidade de reformas curriculares serem devidamente sustentadas por condições materiais e devidamente sustentáveis, através do envolvimento e motivação dos docentes e estudantes.

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Neste artigo analisa-se a oferta de vagas para o período noturno nos cursos de graduação da educação superior no país, com foco nas universidades públicas estaduais paulistas, a fim de se verificar como estas têm atendido à exigência da Constituição Paulista no sentido de se ofertar pelo menos um terço do total de suas vagas a este período. Avalia-se o impacto dessa exigência no contexto maior da oferta de vagas para a educação superior no país, considerando que a Reforma Universitária em trâmite propõe este mesmo índice para as universidades federais. Uma retrospectiva histórica apresenta a origem da educação superior no país, a presença exclusiva das instituições públicas até meados do século XX, a entrada das instituições religiosas no setor privado em 1946, e os desdobramentos da Reforma Universitária de 1968, marco da expansão do setor privado, que contempla atualmente 71,7% das 4,1 milhões de matrículas em cursos de graduação no país. As reflexões indicam que a expansão da educação superior deve priorizar o crescimento da oferta de vagas no sistema público, buscando uma melhor relação de vagas entre o sistema público e o privado, com ênfase nas demandas crescentes do período noturno, visando a um projeto maior de desenvolvimento do país, ordenado pelo Estado e alicerçado na valorização da Educação.