998 resultados para Motivación moral


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Esta monografía surge en el contexto del conflicto armado colombiano y se analiza desde la sociología política. Entre la variedad de actores presentes en el conflicto se tendrá en cuenta a los grupos paramilitares. La investigación se ocupa de un aspecto mínimo, pero determinante, del paramilitarismo tal como lo es el caso de Carlos Castaño; el líder del importante grupo de autodefensas que hizo presencia violenta en casi todo el país en la primera mitad de la década del noventa: las Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia. El problema que abre la investigación consiste en determinar si el resentimiento y la indignación fueron motivaciones políticas para alguno de los jefes paramilitares. Dado que junto con la culpa, estos dos sentimientos son parte de lo que se llaman los sentimientos morales, surge la pregunta por el papel que juegan los sentimientos morales tales como el resentimiento y el odio dentro del discurso de Carlos Castaño. Desarrollamos la investigación para establecer si estos sentimientos se pueden considerar motivaciones morales importantes en la justificación del paramilitarismo. Respecto al problema, planteamos la hipótesis según la cuál las afirmaciones de Carlos Castaño, que aparecen en entrevistas y comunicados, revelan que, efectivamente, el resentimiento está asociado a los motivos de este personaje para impulsar el paramilitarismo en los años noventa. Con este caso se muestra que en el discurso de Carlos Castaño hay aspectos morales que pueden llegar a explicar, pero no a justificar, las acciones violentas que alimentan el conflicto armado en Colombia.

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El objetivo de esta ponencia será dar cuenta del modo en que los avances producidos en el campo de la neurociencia vienen a sustentar la intuición humeana de la motivación moral arraigada en un sentimiento de empatía. A este fin se realizará un breve recorrido por los puntos fundamentales en la concepción moral de Hume y se expondrán algunos resultados obtenidos en el área neurocientífica respecto al descubrimiento de las neuronas espejo en los macacos, y la posterior investigación de la existencia de dichas neuronas en el hombre. Por último, se señalarán las similitudes que estas actuales investigaciones tienen con la noción de empatía humeana, pretendiendo aportar de esta manera solidez a las ideas del filósofo escocés

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El objetivo de esta ponencia será dar cuenta del modo en que los avances producidos en el campo de la neurociencia vienen a sustentar la intuición humeana de la motivación moral arraigada en un sentimiento de empatía. A este fin se realizará un breve recorrido por los puntos fundamentales en la concepción moral de Hume y se expondrán algunos resultados obtenidos en el área neurocientífica respecto al descubrimiento de las neuronas espejo en los macacos, y la posterior investigación de la existencia de dichas neuronas en el hombre. Por último, se señalarán las similitudes que estas actuales investigaciones tienen con la noción de empatía humeana, pretendiendo aportar de esta manera solidez a las ideas del filósofo escocés

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El objetivo de esta ponencia será dar cuenta del modo en que los avances producidos en el campo de la neurociencia vienen a sustentar la intuición humeana de la motivación moral arraigada en un sentimiento de empatía. A este fin se realizará un breve recorrido por los puntos fundamentales en la concepción moral de Hume y se expondrán algunos resultados obtenidos en el área neurocientífica respecto al descubrimiento de las neuronas espejo en los macacos, y la posterior investigación de la existencia de dichas neuronas en el hombre. Por último, se señalarán las similitudes que estas actuales investigaciones tienen con la noción de empatía humeana, pretendiendo aportar de esta manera solidez a las ideas del filósofo escocés

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Se trata de un trabajo de investigación teórica que utiliza metodología inductiva sobre las características diferenciales de los alumnos según el género. Los géneros se estudian desde una perspectiva genética, es decir, a lo largo de su evolución. Por eso se estudian los alumnos de primero de ESO, de cuarto de ESO, de Bachillerato y un grupo de adultos. Las hipótesis iniciales del trabajo son: los chicos valoran más la justicia y las chicas el cuidado. Los chicos son más agresivos. Los resultados obtenidos corroboran las hipótesis con matizaciones y llegan a otra conclusión preocupante: la baja autoestima de muchas chicas.

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Conocer la motivación religiosa en la adolescencia femenina y saber que razones son las que le obligan a aceptar la religión y a sentirse unidos a Dios. Adolescentes en edades comprendidas entre los catorce y los diez y ocho años en varios colegios religiosos de diferentes ciudades. Estudia la religiosidad y los factores del acto religioso como el factor intelectual, el afectivo y el volitivo y analiza grandes temas de la motivación religiosa: la felicidad, la inmortalidad, la culpabilidad, la angustia y la imagen del padre. Cuestionario. La prueba consta de 13 preguntas relacionadas con los motivos y el porqué de que los adolescentes se acerquen a Dios. 1) El adolescente acude a Dios para encontrar algo, acude a El cuando tiene tristeza, pena, dolor y lo busca como amigo porque él necesita hacerle sus confidencias. 2) Los valores que el adolescente tiene en gran estima son los que le proporcionan un bienestar, ya sea material, ya se proyecte para el mas allá. 3) El hombre no ama porque conoce sino conoce porque ama, y ama porque necesita. Porque necesita piensa en ello, discurre, lo busca hasta lograr el objeto capaz de satisfacerlas. 4) Cuando los medios influyentes en un sujeto son idénticos y da resultados diferentes debe tenerse en cuenta a parte de la actuación de la gracia a ciertas predisposiciones que existen en el sujeto disponiéndolo a favor o en contra a esta necesidad. 1) Las motivaciones religiosas tienen una importancia decisiva en toda la vida y sobre todo en la adolescencia ya que es en esta edad cuando se consolida su vida religiosa. 2) Religiosidad y moralidad están en relación, el adolescente encuentra la base de la moralidad venida directamente de Dios. El Dios del adolescente, es el Dios que manda, además la idea que él tiene de la religión queda en la misma línea que la moral y con bastante frecuencia viene a ser lo mismo. 3) La religiosidad en la adolescencia se puede decir que no es auténtica, ya que su móvil radica en una necesidad.

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Proyecto curricular, desde el ámbito de la acción y participación social en el medio rural, dirigido a una población con nivel educativo y cultural bajo y medio bajo. Los objetivos del proyecto son: desarrollar un espíritu crítico constructivo, de equipo y de respeto a la diversidad de la persona y del pensamiento y fomentar los cauces y técnicas de participación, motivación, comunicación, relaciones humanas, habilidades sociales, animación y dinamización de las personas adultas.

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Resumen basado en el del autor

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Referirse al lado positivo y vocacional del individuo, a su motivación intrínseca, sin la cual no hay educación posible, dado que es ella la que lleva las cadenas de la conducta humana, pues contribuye a desarrollar el espíritu de libertad de libertad del alumno o bien puede comprometerle hasta llegar a ahogar ese espíritu. El objeto directo y especifico de la Educación consiste en el potenciamiento del espíritu y la libertad. Que sólo por el espíritu y la libertad. Sólo por el espíritu y la libertad el hombre se trasciende a sí mismo y se puede realizar 'ut talis'. Las necesidades superiores del hombre son tan apremiantes como las institivas o inferiores, aunque pueden pasar más fácilmente inadvertidas. La educación moral del niño debe empezar más temprano de lo que se creía. El niño desde muy temprano capta ya los valores en sí mismos. La emulación y la represión, según es utilizada en la escuela, en general es una técnica y hasta inadecuada y prejudicial. El trabajo en equipo es el que se debe estimular para mayor vivencia del espíritu de servicio y creación de hábitos de gratuidad y trascendencia. La ambivalencia de la motivación es el estuydio más serio a tener en cuenta por todo pedagogo, a la hora de educar. La motivación intrinseca superior es la única que identifica al hombre como libre, responsable, honrado y noble.

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Although internet chat is a significant aspect of many internet users’ lives, the manner in which participants in quasi-synchronous chat situations orient to issues of social and moral order remains to be studied in depth. The research presented here is therefore at the forefront of a continually developing area of study. This work contributes new insights into how members construct and make accountable the social and moral orders of an adult-oriented Internet Relay Chat (IRC) channel by addressing three questions: (1) What conversational resources do participants use in addressing matters of social and moral order? (2) How are these conversational resources deployed within IRC interaction? and (3) What interactional work is locally accomplished through use of these resources? A survey of the literature reveals considerable research in the field of computer-mediated communication, exploring both asynchronous and quasi-synchronous discussion forums. The research discussed represents a range of communication interests including group and collaborative interaction, the linguistic construction of social identity, and the linguistic features of online interaction. It is suggested that the present research differs from previous studies in three ways: (1) it focuses on the interaction itself, rather than the ways in which the medium affects the interaction; (2) it offers turn-by-turn analysis of interaction in situ; and (3) it discusses membership categories only insofar as they are shown to be relevant by participants through their talk. Through consideration of the literature, the present study is firmly situated within the broader computer-mediated communication field. Ethnomethodology, conversation analysis and membership categorization analysis were adopted as appropriate methodological approaches to explore the research focus on interaction in situ, and in particular to investigate the ways in which participants negotiate and co-construct social and moral orders in the course of their interaction. IRC logs collected from one chat room were analysed using a two-pass method, based on a modification of the approaches proposed by Pomerantz and Fehr (1997) and ten Have (1999). From this detailed examination of the data corpus three interaction topics are identified by means of which participants clearly orient to issues of social and moral order: challenges to rule violations, ‘trolling’ for cybersex, and experiences regarding the 9/11 attacks. Instances of these interactional topics are subjected to fine-grained analysis, to demonstrate the ways in which participants draw upon various interactional resources in their negotiation and construction of channel social and moral orders. While these analytical topics stand alone in individual focus, together they illustrate different instances in which participants’ talk serves to negotiate social and moral orders or collaboratively construct new orders. Building on the work of Vallis (2001), Chapter 5 illustrates three ways that rule violation is initiated as a channel discussion topic: (1) through a visible violation in open channel, (2) through an official warning or sanction by a channel operator regarding the violation, and (3) through a complaint or announcement of a rule violation by a non-channel operator participant. Once the topic has been initiated, it is shown to become available as a topic for others, including the perceived violator. The fine-grained analysis of challenges to rule violations ultimately demonstrates that channel participants orient to the rules as a resource in developing categorizations of both the rule violation and violator. These categorizations are contextual in that they are locally based and understood within specific contexts and practices. Thus, it is shown that compliance with rules and an orientation to rule violations as inappropriate within the social and moral orders of the channel serves two purposes: (1) to orient the speaker as a group member, and (2) to reinforce the social and moral orders of the group. Chapter 6 explores a particular type of rule violation, solicitations for ‘cybersex’ known in IRC parlance as ‘trolling’. In responding to trolling violations participants are demonstrated to use affiliative and aggressive humour, in particular irony, sarcasm and insults. These conversational resources perform solidarity building within the group, positioning non-Troll respondents as compliant group members. This solidarity work is shown to have three outcomes: (1) consensus building, (2) collaborative construction of group membership, and (3) the continued construction and negotiation of existing social and moral orders. Chapter 7, the final data analysis chapter, offers insight into how participants, in discussing the events of 9/11 on the actual day, collaboratively constructed new social and moral orders, while orienting to issues of appropriate and reasonable emotional responses. This analysis demonstrates how participants go about ‘doing being ordinary’ (Sacks, 1992b) in formulating their ‘first thoughts’ (Jefferson, 2004). Through sharing their initial impressions of the event, participants perform support work within the interaction, in essence working to normalize both the event and their initial misinterpretation of it. Normalising as a support work mechanism is also shown in relation to participants constructing the ‘quiet’ following the event as unusual. Normalising is accomplished by reference to the indexical ‘it’ and location formulations, which participants use both to negotiate who can claim to experience the ‘unnatural quiet’ and to identify the extent of the quiet. Through their talk participants upgrade the quiet from something legitimately experienced by one person in a particular place to something that could be experienced ‘anywhere’, moving the phenomenon from local to global provenance. With its methodological design and detailed analysis and findings, this research contributes to existing knowledge in four ways. First, it shows how rules are used by participants as a resource in negotiating and constructing social and moral orders. Second, it demonstrates that irony, sarcasm and insults are three devices of humour which can be used to perform solidarity work and reinforce existing social and moral orders. Third, it demonstrates how new social and moral orders are collaboratively constructed in relation to extraordinary events, which serve to frame the event and evoke reasonable responses for participants. And last, the detailed analysis and findings further support the use of conversation analysis and membership categorization as valuable methods for approaching quasi-synchronous computer-mediated communication.

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There is much still to learn about how young children’s membership with peers shapes their constructions of moral and social obligations within everyday activities in the school playground. This paper investigates how a small group of girls, aged four to six years, account for their everyday social interactions in the playground. They were video-recorded as they participated in a pretend game of school. Several days later, a video-recorded excerpt of the interaction was shown to them and invited to comment on what was happening in the video. This conversation was audio-recorded. Drawing on a conversation analysis approach, this chapter shows that, despite their discontent and complaining about playing the game of school, the girls’ actions showed their continued orientation to the particular codes of the game, of ‘no going away’ and ‘no telling’. By making relevant these codes, jointly constructed by the girls during the interview, they managed each other’s continued participation within two arenas of action: the pretend, as a player in a pretend game of school; and the real, as a classroom member of a peer group. Through inferences to explicit and implicit codes of conduct, moral obligations were invoked as the girls attempted to socially exclude or build alliances with others, and enforce their own social position. As well, a shared history that the girls re-constructed has moral implications for present and future relationships. The girls oriented to the history as an interactional resource for accounting for their actions in the pretend game. This paper uncovers how children both participate in, and shape, their everyday social worlds through talk and interaction and the consequences a taken-for-granted activity such as playing school has for their moral and social positions in the peer group.

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One of the oldest problems in philosophy concerns the relationship between free will and moral responsibility. If we adopt the position that we lack free will, in the absolute sense—as have most philosophers who have addressed this issue—how can we truly be held accountable for what we do? This paper will contend that the most significant and interesting challenge to the long-standing status-quo on the matter comes not from philosophy, jurisprudence, or even physics, but rather from psychology. By examining this debate through the lens of contemporary behaviour disorders, such as ADHD, it will be argued that notions of free will, along with its correlate, moral responsibility, are being eroded through the logic of psychology which is steadily reconfiguring large swathes of familiar human conduct as pathology. The intention of the paper is not only to raise some concerns over the exponential growth of behaviour disorders, but also, and more significantly, to flag the ongoing relevance of philosophy for prying open contemporary educational problems in new and interesting ways.

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One of the oldest problems in philosophy concerns the relationship between free will and moral responsibility. If we adopt the position that we lack free will, in the absolute sense—as have most philosophers who have addressed this issue—how can we truly be held accountable for what we do? This paper will contend that the most significant and interesting challenge to the long-standing status-quo on the matter comes not from philosophy, jurisprudence, or even physics, but rather from psychology. By examining this debate through the lens of contemporary behaviour disorders, such as ADHD, it will be argued that notions of free will, along with its correlate, moral responsibility, are being eroded through the logic of psychology which is steadily reconfiguring large swathes of familiar human conduct as pathology. The intention of the paper is not only to raise some concerns over the exponential growth of behaviour disorders, but also, and more significantly, to flag the ongoing relevance of philosophy for prying open contemporary educational problems in new and interesting ways.

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This two part paper considers the experience of a range of magico-religious experiences (such as visions and voices) and spirit beliefs in a rural Aboriginal town. The papers challenge the tendency of institutionalised psychiatry to medicalise the experiences and critiques the way in which its individualistic practice is intensified in the face of an incomprehensible Aboriginal „other‟ to become part of the power imbalance that characterises the relationship between Indigenous and white domains. The work reveals the internal differentiation and politics of the Aboriginal domain, as the meanings of these experiences and actions are contested and negotiated by the residents and in so doing they decentre the concerns of the white domain and attempt to control their relationship with it. Thus the plausibility structure that sustains these multiple realities reflects both accommodation and resistance to the material and historical conditions imposed and enacted by mainstream society on the residents, and to current socio- political realities. I conclude that the residents‟ narratives chart the grounds of moral adjudication as the experiences were rarely conceptualised by local people as signs of individual pathology but as reflections of social reality. Psychiatric drug therapy and the behaviourist assumptions underlying its practice posit atomised individuals as the appropriate site of intervention as against the multiple realities revealed by the phenomenology of the experiences. The papers thus call into question Australian mainstream „commonsense‟ that circulates about Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people which justifies representations of them as sickly outcasts in Australian society.