969 resultados para Morte celular


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A caracterização da morte neuronal após injúria neuronal aguda é um assunto muito discutido e que está sob constante investigação. O presente estudo tem por objetivo caracterizar a morte celular na camada de células piramidais da região CA1 do hipocampo após 10 minutos de isquemia e períodos precoces de reperfusão, utilizando a microscopia eletrônica da transmissão. O modelo animal empregado para produzir a isquemia prosencefálica foi o de oclusão dos 4 vasos com modificações (Netto et al, 1993). Após 3, 6, 12 e 24 h de reperfusão, os animais eram anestesiados e perfundidos transcardiacamente. Os encéfalos eram removidos e seccionados. Os cortes contendo o hipocampo eram desidratados, incluídos em resina, seccionados, observados no microscópio eletrônico de transmissão e eletromicrografados. As células piramidais da região CA1 do hipocampo de todos os grupos submetidos à isquemia apresentavam alterações morfológicas. Em tempos precoces de reperfusão as alterações eram menos expressivas quando comparadas a maiores tempos de reperfusão, e envolviam sinais de necrose apoptótica e necrose oncótica. Com 12 h de reperfusão, as células apresentavam uma aparente recuperação. Decorridas 24 h do insulto isquêmico, o dano neuronal era mais severo e incluía sinais de necrose oncótica, assim como, corpos apoptóticos, os quais caracterizam a morte celular por necrose apoptótica É possível que as células no período pós-isquemia passem por um processo conhecido como um continnum entre a apoptose e a necrose, ou, um processo denominado parapoptose. A aparente recuperação ocorrida com 12 h de reperfusão pode dever-se à influência das células gliais, em especial das células astrocitárias. Dessa forma, o presente estudo fornece evidências que a morte celular após evento isquêmico global transitório, em ratos Wistar adultos envolve características de necrose apoptótica e necrose oncótica.

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Cancer is a term used to represent a set of more than 100 diseases, including malignant tumors from different locations. The malignancies are the second leading cause of death in the population, representing approximately 17% of deaths of known cause. Strategies that induce differentiation have had limited success in the treatment of established cancers. In this work, a lectin purified from the marine sponge Cinachyrella apion (CaL) was evaluated due to its hemolytic, cytotoxic and antiproliferative properties, besides the ability to induce cell death via apoptosis in tumor cells. The antiproliferative activity of CaL was tested against cell lines, with the highest inhibition of tumor growth for HeLa, reducing cell growth at a dose dependent manner, with a concentration of 10 μg/mL. The hemolytic activity and toxicity against peripheral blood cells were tested using the concentration of IC50 for both trials and twice the IC50 for analysis in flow cytometry, indicating that CaL is not toxic to these cells. To assess the mechanism of cell death caused by CaL in HeLa cells, we performed flow cytometry and western blotting. The results showed the lectin probably induces cell death by apoptosis activation by pro-apoptotic protein Bax, promoting mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, cell cycle arrest in S phase, with accumulation of cells of approximately 57% in this phase, and acting as both dependent and/or independent of caspases pathway. These results suggest that CaL has the potential to be used as drug treatment against cancer.

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Heparin is a pharmaceutical animal widely used in medicine due to its potent anticoagulant effect. Furthermore, it has the ability to inhibit the proliferation, invasion and adhesion of cancer cells to vascular endothelium. However, its clinical applicability can be compromised by side effects such as bleeding. Thus, the search for natural compounds with low bleeding risk and possible therapeutic applicability has been targeted by several research groups. From this perspective, this study aims to evaluate the hemorrhagic and anticoagulant activities and citotoxic effect for different tumor cell lines (HeLa, B16-F10, HepG2, HS-5,) and fibroblast cells (3T3) of the Heparin-like from the crab Chaceon fenneri (HEP-like). The HEP-like was purified after proteolysis, ion-exchange chromatography, fractionation with acetone and characterized by electrophoresis (agarose gel) and enzymatic degradation. Hep-like showed eletroforetic behavior similar to mammalian heparin, and high trisulfated /Nacetylated disaccharides ratio. In addition, HEP-like presented low in vitro anticoagulant activity using aPTT and a minor hemorrhagic effect when compared to mammalian heparin. Furthermore, the HEP-like showed significant cytotoxic effect (p<0.001) on HeLa, HepG2 and B16-F10 tumor cells with IC50 values of 1000 ug/mL, after incubation for 72 hours. To assess the influence of heparin-like on the cell cycle in HeLa cells, analysis was performed by flow cytometry. The results of this analysis showed that HEP-like influence on the cell cycle increasing S phase and decreasing phase G2. Thus, these properties of HEP-like make these compounds potential therapeutic agents

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Evidências crescentes na literatura têm sugerido papel importante para os fatores ambientais, como a exposição a pesticidas, na patogênese da doença de Parkinson. Em animais experimentais, a exposição à rotenona, um pesticida e piscicida de uso comum, induz características de parkinsonismo através da inibição do complexo I mitocondrial. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a morte de neurônios induzida por rotenona utilizando culturas primárias mistas neurônio/glia derivadas de hipocampo e de mesencéfalo ventral de ratos, bem como o papel do Ca2+ na neste modelo experimental e a utilização de extrato aquoso de folhas de mogno com substâncias com alto poder antioxidante. A perda neuronal foi analisada com ensaios colorimétricos (MTT e LDH). Nossos resultados mostraram significativa redução na viabilidade celular após exposição à rotenona de maneira dependente de concentração, mas não dependente de tempo. Foi observada igual e elevada suscetibilidade em culturas mistas neurônio/glia derivadas de hipocampo e de mesencéfalo ventral ao agente neurotóxico. Em termos mecanicísticos, nossos resultados mostraram um papel discreto desempenhado pelo Ca2+ mitocondrial na neurodegeneração induzida por rotenona. Além disso, neste paradigma utilizado, verificamos que o extrato aquoso de folhas de mogno não promoveu proteção contra a toxicidade da rotenona, na concentração testada; ainda, promoveu efeito sinérgico em associação com rotenona. Verificou-se ainda que a rotenona, bem como o extrato de mogno promoveu indução de morte celular tanto por necrose quanto por apoptose, nas concentrações utilizadas. Os resultados deste estudo devem avançar nosso conhecimento sobre o mecanismo de ação de fatores ambientais na patogênese da doença de Parkinson.

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Pós-graduação em Microbiologia - IBILCE

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Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death selectively removes abnormal cells, and thus contributes to maintaining the balance of the dynamics of cell reproduction. Therefore the verification of the occurrence of apoptotic cell death after a pathological stimulus is crucial for the analysis of the maintenance of normal cell cycle of a given tissue or organ. In this experiment were used cells lines human mammary tumor MDAMB231, T47, MCF7, which were irradiated with X-rays at a dose of 5 Gy in a time interval of 15 seconds, and filtration of 1mm aluminum. Samples containing the cells were grown in a specific culture medium, containing fetal bovine serum and growth factor, and two samples were prepared with each of the cell lines, one to be irradiated, and another that has not been irradiated, which denoted by negative control of the irradiation. The primary goal of the experiment was to verify and compare the rates of apoptosis in each cell lines, in which were irradiated and that were not irradiated, using flow cytometry as a method for detecting apoptotic cell death in together with specific markers annexin V and propidium iodide. Data from the readings made by flow cytometry were analyzed and interpreted using the software WinMDI statistical graph. By comparing the indices relating to the readings of positive and negative for specific markers of apoptosis, based on differences in the statistical data presented lectures regarding the cellular irradiated and not irradiated, collude cells in question once... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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The use of pesticides in Brazil has intensified over the years. And since 2009 it was ranked as the largest market for pesticides worldwide. The consequential diffuse contamination of the environment is therefore due to the increasing number of chemicals of different classes, origins and modes of action. Little is known about the action of pesticides on human health in situations of co-exposure. Possible toxic effects are not restricted to agricultural and industrial workers, but also the general population that may be exposed continuously to its residues in food and water. Although these pesticides are mostly present in the environment at low doses, it must be considered that possible cumulative or synergistic effects may occur when there are concurrent or sustained exposure for two or more of these agents, which can lead to late manifestation of subclinical damages, sometimes irreversible. Thus, the specific objective of this study was to assess the effect of carcinogenesis promotion of a mixture of pesticides at low doses and analyze the phenomena of cell proliferation and apoptosis in rat liver. A total of 50 male Lewis rats was separated into 5 groups for 8 weeks in a medium term hepatocarcinogenesis model. The three different classes of pesticides (dieldrin, dicofol, endosulfan, dichlorvos and permethrin), whose residues were detected by ANVISA during the period from 2001 to 2005 in tomatoes cultures, were added to the feed of rats initiated to hepatocarcinogenesis with diethylnitrosamine (DEN- 200mg/kg ip). We used two different mixtures, one with no toxic effects at doses (MEX1) referring to the NOEL (no-observed-effect level) and another at doses LOEL / LEL / LOAEL (Lowest-observed-effect level / Lowest-effect level / Lowest -observed-adverse-effect level), to the installation of adverse effects (MEX2), derived from chronic studies. All animals ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Cancer is a term used to represent a set of more than 100 diseases, including malignant tumors from different locations. The malignancies are the second leading cause of death in the population, representing approximately 17% of deaths of known cause. Strategies that induce differentiation have had limited success in the treatment of established cancers. In this work, a lectin purified from the marine sponge Cinachyrella apion (CaL) was evaluated due to its hemolytic, cytotoxic and antiproliferative properties, besides the ability to induce cell death via apoptosis in tumor cells. The antiproliferative activity of CaL was tested against cell lines, with the highest inhibition of tumor growth for HeLa, reducing cell growth at a dose dependent manner, with a concentration of 10 μg/mL. The hemolytic activity and toxicity against peripheral blood cells were tested using the concentration of IC50 for both trials and twice the IC50 for analysis in flow cytometry, indicating that CaL is not toxic to these cells. To assess the mechanism of cell death caused by CaL in HeLa cells, we performed flow cytometry and western blotting. The results showed the lectin probably induces cell death by apoptosis activation by pro-apoptotic protein Bax, promoting mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, cell cycle arrest in S phase, with accumulation of cells of approximately 57% in this phase, and acting as both dependent and/or independent of caspases pathway. These results suggest that CaL has the potential to be used as drug treatment against cancer.

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Heparin is a pharmaceutical animal widely used in medicine due to its potent anticoagulant effect. Furthermore, it has the ability to inhibit the proliferation, invasion and adhesion of cancer cells to vascular endothelium. However, its clinical applicability can be compromised by side effects such as bleeding. Thus, the search for natural compounds with low bleeding risk and possible therapeutic applicability has been targeted by several research groups. From this perspective, this study aims to evaluate the hemorrhagic and anticoagulant activities and citotoxic effect for different tumor cell lines (HeLa, B16-F10, HepG2, HS-5,) and fibroblast cells (3T3) of the Heparin-like from the crab Chaceon fenneri (HEP-like). The HEP-like was purified after proteolysis, ion-exchange chromatography, fractionation with acetone and characterized by electrophoresis (agarose gel) and enzymatic degradation. Hep-like showed eletroforetic behavior similar to mammalian heparin, and high trisulfated /Nacetylated disaccharides ratio. In addition, HEP-like presented low in vitro anticoagulant activity using aPTT and a minor hemorrhagic effect when compared to mammalian heparin. Furthermore, the HEP-like showed significant cytotoxic effect (p<0.001) on HeLa, HepG2 and B16-F10 tumor cells with IC50 values of 1000 ug/mL, after incubation for 72 hours. To assess the influence of heparin-like on the cell cycle in HeLa cells, analysis was performed by flow cytometry. The results of this analysis showed that HEP-like influence on the cell cycle increasing S phase and decreasing phase G2. Thus, these properties of HEP-like make these compounds potential therapeutic agents

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As doenças cerebrovasculares, popularmente conhecidas como derrames, são uma das principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade entre adultos e idosos. Contudo, muitos pacientes que sofrem derrame sobrevivem e experimentam as conseqüências do insulto por muitos anos, muitas vezes a nível emocional, motor ou intelectual. Dentre estas lesões, destaca-se a isquemia cerebral. Existem modelos experimentais de isquemia cerebral in vivo e in vitro. Os modelos in vitro são realizados em culturas ou fatias de tecido cerebral submetidas à Privação de Oxigênio e Glicose (POG), que mimetizam condições traumáticas similares, mas não idênticas às produzidas in vivo. A investigação da atividade de substâncias potencialmente neuroprotetoras a partir da comparação da morte celular entre culturas ou fatias de tecido cerebral controle e tratadas é facilitada neste tipo de modelo experimental. Após a injúria, as culturas são expostas a métodos de avaliação da viabilidade ou dano celular como, por exemplo, o corante fluorescente iodeto de propídeo, que marca seletivamente células mortas ou em curso de morte, ou MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) que mede a viabilidade mitocondrial possibilitando uma posterior quantificação. As plantas são uma fonte importante de produtos naturais biologicamente ativos, muitos dos quais se constituem em modelos para a síntese de um grande número de fármacos. Um exemplo é a planta kava-kava ou somente kava (Piper Methysticum) a qual chamou a atenção dos pesquisadores devido à sua utilização nas ilhas do Pacífico sul. Foi demonstrada a possibilidade da kava possuir uma variedade de atividades farmacológicas importantes, entre elas a atividade de neuroproteção Esse trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a atividade neuroprotetora do extrato de kava-kava (Piper methysticum) em modelos in vitro de morte neuronal em fatias de hipocampo de ratos, investigar o envolvimento da proteína de choque térmico HSP27 (Heat Shock Protein) no processo de morte e neuroproteção induzida pela kava, bem como investigar o efeito da lesão induzida por POG sobre o imunoconteúdo da proteína Oxido Nítrico Sintase induzível (iNOS). Os resultados dos experimentos por nós realizados nas culturas organotípicas submetidas à POG por 40 minutos e tratadas com extrato de kava (7µg/ml) demonstraram uma significativa redução, na ordem de 58% na intensidade da morte neuronal na região CA1 do hipocampo em resposta à injúria. Em fatias hipocampais submetidas à POG por 60 minutos a adição do extrato de kava 7µg/ml aumentou em 15% a viabilidade celular, confirmando a atividade neuroprotetora sugerida para esta planta. As culturas expostas à POG e tratadas com kava apresentaram um aumento significativo no imunoconteúdo da proteína HSP27, esse aumento é acompanhado de um aumento da fosforilação, uma vez que a percentagem de proteína fosforilada se mantém igual. As fatias lesionadas tratadas com kava apresentaram uma diminuição significativa no imunoconteúdo da iNOS na ordem de 35 % em relação as fatias lesionadas tratadas com DMSO (Dimetilsulfoxido). Estes dados podem sugerir que um dos mecanismos da neuroproteção observada para o extrato de kava, possa envolver essas proteínas.