647 resultados para Morfologia Delta do Valo Grande Litoral Sudeste,Brasil


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O sistema estuarino‐lagunar de Cananéia‐Iguape, localizado no sul do Estado de São Paulo, sudeste do Brasil, encerra um complexo de canais, associados a uma planície costeira, cuja evolução data dos eventos transgressivo‐regressivos do Quaternário superior e cujos processos sedimentares recentes foram dramaticamente alterados em função da atividade antrópica, nos últimos 150 anos, determinada, basicamente, pela abertura de um canal artificial, o Valo Grande. Uma análise de documentos cartográficos, dos últimos 100 anos (Commissão Geographica e Geologica do Estado de S. Paulo, 1914; Freitas, 2005; Nascimento Jr et al., 2008), além de imagens de satélites, revela que, após a abertura do Valo Grande, houve uma enorme intensificação no processo sedimentar de parte do sistema lagunar, em função, não somente da erosão das margens do canal artificial mas, também, por conta do aumento expressivo sedimentos para o sistema estuarino‐lagunar, levando à formação de um “delta intra‐lagunar antropogênico” (“man‐made intra‐lagoonal delta”) cuja evolução e morfologia atual estão sendo investigados.

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The role played by human activity in coastline changes indicates a general tendency of retreating coasts, especially deltaic environments, as a result of the recent trend of sea level rise as well as the blockage of the transfer of sediments towards the coast, especially due to the construction of dams. This is particularly important in deltaic environments which are suffering a dramatic loss of area in the last decades. In contrast, in this paper, we report the origin and evolution of an anthropogenic delta, the Valo Grande delta, on the south-eastern Brazilian coast, whose origin is related to the opening of an artificial channel and the diversion of the main flow of the Ribeira de Iguape River. The methodology included the analysis of coastline changes, bathymetry and coring, which was used to determine the sedimentation rates and grain-size changes over time. The results allowed us to recognize the different facies of the anthropogenic delta and to establish its lateral and vertical depositional trends. Despite not being very frequent, anthropogenic deltas represent a favorable environment for the record of natural and anthropogenic changes in historical times and, thus, deserve more attention from researchers of different subjects

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A família Hydrobiidae, que apresenta maior diversidade entre os moluscos límnicos e estuarinos, com mais de 300 gêneros e cerca de mil espécies Recentes, constitui-se em um importante componente biótico de águas continentais. A monofilia da família ainda é duvidosa, uma vez que a maioria das espécies é apenas conhecida pelos caracteres da concha, opérculo, pênis e rádula, insuficientes para traçar relações filogenéticas em Hydrobiidae. Apresentam alta diversidade específica e genérica, nos diferentes continentes, sendo a América do Sul uma exceção, com 120 espécies em sete gêneros recentes, enquanto que na América do Norte as mais de 200 espécies da família estão distribuídas em 40 gêneros, como registrado pela literatura. Estes caracóis acham-se distribuídos ao longo de toda Planície Costeira do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A presente tese objetiva: identificar, definir e redefinir os hidrobiideos ocorrentes em ambientes límnicos e estuarinos da Planície Costeira do Rio Grande do Sul, a partir de coleções científicas e amostragens de material vivo. Examinou-se Hydrobiidae das coleções: Museu Museu de Ciências Naturais da Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul (MCNZ); Departamento de Zoologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); coleção particular de Rosane Lanzer (RL); The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (ANSP); The Natural History Museum, Londres (BMNH). Realizou-se coleta no rio Hercílio em Santa Catarina, nas lagoas Itapeva, Tramandaí, Rondinha, Fortaleza e arroio do Carvão (bacia do rio Maquiné) no Rio Grande do Sul, utilizando peneira com malha de 1mm de abertura para a amostragem. Material coletado está depositado na coleção de moluscos da UFRGS. Obtiveram-se dados conquililógicos, conquiliometricos e morfoanatômicos in vivo - cabeça-pé, cavidade palial, sistemas reprodutores feminino e masculino e rádula. As ilustrações correspondem a desenhos da morfo-anatomia, e fotomicrografias da concha, opérculo, cabeça-pé e rádula. Foram inventariados 145 táxons do grupo da espécie de Hydrobiidae, descritos para a América do Sul, acrescidos de lista sinonímica e informações morfológicas de material-tipo. Registram-se os seguintes hidrobídeos para Planície Costeira do Rio Grande do Sul: Heleobia australis (Orbingy, 1835) (rio Tramandaí, lagunas Tramandaí e Armazém, lagoas Custódia e Paurá e laguna dos Patos); Heleobia bertoniana (Pilsbry, 1911) (lagoa Caieiras); Heleobia cuzcoensis (Pilsbry, 1911) ( lagoa Rondinha); Heleobia doellojuradoi (Parodiz, 1960) (lagoas Figueiras, Bojuru Velho e Mangueira); Heleobia parchappei (Orbigny, 1835) (lagoas Itapeva, Quadros, Ramalhete, Negra, Malvas, Marcelino, Quintão, Barro Velho, Moleques, Peixe, Jacaré, Mangueira e Laguna dos Patos); Heleobia xi sp. (lagoas Itapeva, Quadros, Malvas, Palmital, Pinguela, Lessa, Peixoto, Marcelino, laguna Tramandaí, lagoas Gentil, Manuel Nunes, Fortaleza, Rondinha, Cerquinha, Rincão das Éguas, Cipó, Porteira, Capão Alto, Quintão, Charqueadas, Barro Velho, São Simão, Veiana, laguna Mirim, lagoas Nicola e Jacaré); Potamolithus kusteri (Strobel, 1874) (arroio Carvão); Potamolithus philippianus Pilsbry, 1911 (lagoas Itapeva e Figueiras). Registra-se pela primeira vez para o Brasil, H. bertoniana, H. doelojuradoi e P. kusteri; para o Rio Grande do Sul, P. philippianus; e para a Planície Costeira, H. cuzcoensis. A partir de topótipos, é redescrito o táxon Potamolithus catharinae Pilsbry, 1911, assinalado na literatura para o litoral norte da Planície Costeira do Rio Grande do Sul, cuja ocorrência não é confirmada. Heleobia charruana (Orbigny, 1835), registrada na literatura para o litoral norte do RS, não tem sua ocorrência confirmada. Transfere-se o gênero monotípico Parodizia, arrolado entre os hidrobídeos, para Pyramidellidae (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia), a partir da morfologia das partes moles, desconhecidas até o presente. A morfologia do pênis de exemplares de Potamolithus kusteri (Strobel, 1874), do arroio Carvão, justifica sua remoção de Heleobia para Potamolithus. Heleobia australis nana (MARCUS & MARCUS, 1963) é considerada sinônimo de H. australis, por tratar-se de táxons morfoanatomicamente iguais. As distintas dimensões da concha (2,0 a 8,4 mm) de populações, ao longo da distribuição da espécie (Rio de Janeiro á Baía San Blás), decorrem de fatores ambientais, provavelmente relacionados com o grau de variação da salinidade.

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Este estudo teve como objetivos descrever e comparar a estrutura da comunidade fitoplanctônica, determinada pelos atributos densidade, composição, riqueza, diversidade específica e uniformidade, na foz dos rios Gravataí, Sinos, Caí e Jacuí e verificar sua relação com variáveis físicas, químicas, bacteriológicas e hidrológicas, em um ciclo anual. A investigação baseou-se em seis amostragens sazonais, na subsuperfície da água, no período de dezembro de 2000 a dezembro de 2001. A comunidade fitoplanctônica, na foz dos quatro rios, esteve composta por 471 táxons, 135 gêneros e nove classes taxonômicas. A classe Chlorophyceae foi a mais representativa em todos os rios, sendo substituída pela Bacillariophyceae no inverno, nos rios Gravataí e Jacuí e, no outono, no rio dos Sinos. As Bacillariophyceae cederam lugar para as Euglenophyceae, no rio dos Sinos, na primavera e, juntamen te com as Cryptophyceae, no rio Caí, no verão. A alta riqueza e alta diversidade estão, provavelmente, associadas à ocorrência de reservatórios e banhados no curso superior destes rios, bem como da presença de áreas úmidas na planície de inundação, no curso inferior. Estes ambientes férteis são importantes fontes de organismos para a comunidade fitoplanctônica na foz dos rios do delta do Jacuí. A temperatura da água e o nível fluviométrico foram os principais fatores determinantes da variação da densidade e riqueza do fitoplâncton e, demonstraram um comportamento sazonal semelhante nos rios. Em geral, o incremento da densidade fitoplanctônica esteve relacionado ao período de águas baixas, com temperaturas mais elevadas da água A riqueza específica apresentou algumas variações significativas entre os rios, estando provavelmente, associada às diferenças químicas entre eles. Os resultados demonstraram a ocorrência de um gradiente decrescente de eutrofização dos rios, na seguinte seqüência: rio Gravataí, rio dos Sinos, rio Caí e rio Jacuí. Apesar das diferentes condições de trofia entre a foz dos rios do delta do Jacuí, a comunidade fitoplanctônica apresentou alta riqueza e diversidade específica e esteve composta em grande parte por organismos resistentes e/ou adaptados às condições ambientais destes rios.

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Strandings of live or dead aquatic mammals constitute an important instrument to provide information regarding the occurrence, biology and ecology of these species. The aim of this study was to register the stranded species of cetaceans, the frequency and the spatial-temporal distribution of theses strandings during the period of 1984 to 2005, in the coast of Rio Grande do Norte. Data was acquired through the monitoring of strandings in the north, north-west and south coast of RN, and through information obtained from institutions and newspaper archives of the State. A total of 122 strandings of cetaceans were registered along the coast of Rio Grande do Norte. Of the 14 species of cetaceans registered, four species had higher frequencies: Sotalia guianensis (n= 65), Steno bredanensis (n = 6), Globicephala macrorhynchus (n = 6) and Physeter macrocephalus (n = 7). Out of 118 strandings, 93 occurred in the south coast (78.8 %), 23 in the north coast (19.5%) and 2 (1.7%) in the north-west coast of the State. The highest frequency of strandings occurred during the months of August to March and the maximum number of strandings occurred from 2000 onwards, as a consequence of the intense monitoring of the Pequenos Cetáceos Project in Rio Grande do Norte

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Female hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) nesting along the southeastcoastline of Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil (6º13'40"S, 35º03'05"W) were captured and weighed during the four months from January to April 2007, in the course of the annual egglaying season, which extended from 06 rd November 2006 to 30 rd May 2007. In all, 99 weight measurements were performed. On first contact the females exhibited an average post-oviposition weight of 79.1 kg (range 56.2-98.9 kg, SD = 10.9 kg, n = 44 females). Those individuals which were subsequently recaptured showed a mean weight loss of 1.7 kg (range 0.7-4.5 kg, SD = 1.0 kg, n = 39 sets of measurements on 20 females) in the interval between two consecutive post-ovipositions, separated by a maximum time interval of 17 days. In the cases where the female aborted the nesting process, the pre-oviposition weight was measured. The clutch weight, that is to say, the weight loss between consecutive pre-oviposition and post-oviposition measurements (separated by a maximum time interval of 3 days), was found to be 5.2 kg (range 4.3-6.0 kg, SD = 0.9 kg, n = 6 sets of measurements). This value is significantly higher (t-test, p<0.001) than the loss between two consecutive post-oviposition measurements with the same female. The mean recovery in body weight, that is to say, the average gain in weight between successive post-oviposition and pre-oviposition captures of the same individual (separated by a time interval of 12 to 17 days), was found to be 3.0 kg (range 1.9-4.3 kg, SD = 1.0 kg, n = 4 sets of measurements) Although the small sample size makes it unwise to generalise, the recovery in body weight was found to be always significantly lower (t-test, p<0.005) than the clutch weight. This fact is in agreement with the observed weight loss tendency throughout the breeding season for this species. Considering the clutch weight and the internidal recovery in body weight we found that the total weight loss of the adult hawksbill females after three to five nesting events varied from 10.4% (range 8.7-11.9%, SD = 1.6%, n = 3) to 14.1% (range 11.8-15.4%, SD = 1.3%, n = 6) in relation to their initial pre-oviposition weight. If there were no body weight recovery during the internesting interval we estimate that a female that nests three to five times in the course of the season would lose from 19% to 31% of its initial weight. We emphasise that our clutch weight estimate was performed by weighing the females and not by multiplying the number of eggs in the nest by their average unit weight. In this way, our measurements take into account the loss of liquid during the oviposition. Despite the unequivocal evidence of body weight recovery during the internidal interval, it is not clear if the cause of this process is rehydration or feeding

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The flyingfish, Hirundichthys affinis (Günther, 1866) (Exocoetidae) and ballyhoo half beak, Hemiramphus brasiliensis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hemiramphidae) are marine fish species of commercial value, which contribute to artisanal fishery production of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Besides the economic importance, these fish are important from an ecological point of view, being components in pelagic food chain, where they are the preferred prey of larger predators of high commercial value. This study aimed to determine the reproductive strategies of H. affinis and H. brasiliensis and the fishery production of H. affinis in the northern coast of Rio Grande do Norte. The results are presented in the form of six cientific articles and a review paper. The first article presents the morphometric measurements and meristic counts which confirmed the taxonomic status, population structure in length-weight and the gonad development of H. affinis through macroscopic observations of the ovaries and testes. Females of this species were bigger and heavier than males. The second article describes the reproductive tactics, such as, sex ratio, length at first sexual maturity, histological aspects of gonads, fecundity and spawning season, that indicate the reproductive strategy of H. affinis. The third article shows annual changes in the fishery production of H. affinis in Caiçara do Norte, during the period of 1993 to 2010, emphasizing the relevance of this fish in total fishery production of Rio Grande do Norte, besides registering the fall in production in the years 2008 to 2010. The fourth article describes the population structure, with respect to the length and weight, the length-weight relationship, growth type and sex ratio of Hemiramphus brasiliensis. The fifth article describes the reproductive biology of H. brasiliensis, with details about sex ratio, length at first sexual maturity, fecundity, type of breeding and spawning season. The sixth article deals with the reproductive strategy of H. brasiliensis. The review paper presents the topic of age determination of tropical fish using analysis of otoliths. Both species use the coastal waters of Caiçara do Norte for reproductive purposes. The flying fish, H. affinis migrates from the oceanic waters to the coastal waters to reproduce, coinciding with the rainy season. H. affinis presents total spawning and a seasonal reproductive strategy. However, H. brasiliensis lives and reproduces in the coastal waters displaying partial spawning and an equilibrium reproductive strategy

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Devido às suas propriedades geomorfológicas e físico‐químicas, estuários e as lagunas estão entre os ambientes mais sensíveis à ação humana, e o número de trabalhos que trata deste tema tem aumentado rapidamente. O sistema Cananéia‐Iguape (SE Brasil) consiste em um complexo de canais estuarinos e lagunares, localizados no chamado Lagamar, uma Reserva da Biosfera da UNESCO. Esses canais são bordejados por uma vegetação de mangue exuberante, na qual desenvolvem‐se extensos bancos de ostras e mexilhões e que constitui um criadouro natural para espécies de importância econômica, tais como camarões, manjubas, robalos, pescadas, entre outros. Não obstanbte, sua importância ambiental, o sistema vem sofrendo modificações dramáticas nos últimos 150 anos, em função da abertura, em 1852, de um canal artificial, o Valo Grande, conectando o Rio Ribeira de Iguape ao sistema estuarino‐lagunar, afetando as características físico‐químicas e o processo deposicional. Um fator agravante diz respeito ao fato de que atividades de mineração realizadas pela Plumbum S/A entre 1945 e 1995 no Vale do Ribeira.

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The use of energy from renewable sources is increasingly demanded by society, especially aeolian - whose raw material is wind. Investments in wind power have become significant in Brazil with emphasis on the Northeast and in particular the Rio Grande do Norte state. According to the Empresa de Pesquisa Energética (Energy Research Company) (2012 ) , investments in the state grew significantly since 2002 with a total accumulated power, by 2013, of approximately 3,400 MW . Even with the early experiences of exploitation of wind energy in 2002, it is still considered new and requires further study referring to the likely changes in the environment and society. In this case, it is of growing and urgent importance to deeply study the wind still in the survey phase of the project, ie , at the beginning of decision making on the most feasible to implement these parks site. Given the above, the question is: from a technical and environmental analysis, how to identify viable areas to install Aeolian parks, taking into account the factors of the environmental dynamics that are relevant to minimize the negative results to the environment and the society? Thus, this study conducted a study on technical and environmental feasibility, proposing a methodology of exploration of feasible wind farms in coastal areas. The study area was a fragment of the northern coast of Rio Grande do Norte and its natural landscape units were identified through the environmental characterization of the area, as well as it was elaborated the map of the land cover, restriction homes and urban areas and Permanent Preservation Areas - PPAs. The environmental fragility was subdivided in the fragility of the natural dynamic, mapped through relief, soils and geology of natural units, and the fragility of the ecosystem, originated by the land cover map. In addition to these maps, it was generated the wind resource for an area from a height of 50 and 100 meters. The intersection between the fragility maps, PPAs and Restriction of homes superimposed on maps of wind potential, provided the map of feasibility of Aeolian parks, resulting in the most favorable areas for its facilities in a technical and environmental point of view. From this study, the entrepreneur can evaluate whether or not to proceed with the studies in this area and especially decrease potential conflicts with society.

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Strandings of live or dead aquatic mammals constitute an important instrument to provide information regarding the occurrence, biology and ecology of these species. The aim of this study was to register the stranded species of cetaceans, the frequency and the spatial-temporal distribution of theses strandings during the period of 1984 to 2005, in the coast of Rio Grande do Norte. Data was acquired through the monitoring of strandings in the north, north-west and south coast of RN, and through information obtained from institutions and newspaper archives of the State. A total of 122 strandings of cetaceans were registered along the coast of Rio Grande do Norte. Of the 14 species of cetaceans registered, four species had higher frequencies: Sotalia guianensis (n= 65), Steno bredanensis (n = 6), Globicephala macrorhynchus (n = 6) and Physeter macrocephalus (n = 7). Out of 118 strandings, 93 occurred in the south coast (78.8 %), 23 in the north coast (19.5%) and 2 (1.7%) in the north-west coast of the State. The highest frequency of strandings occurred during the months of August to March and the maximum number of strandings occurred from 2000 onwards, as a consequence of the intense monitoring of the Pequenos Cetáceos Project in Rio Grande do Norte

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Strandings of live or dead aquatic mammals constitute an important instrument to provide information regarding the occurrence, biology and ecology of these species. The aim of this study was to register the stranded species of cetaceans, the frequency and the spatial-temporal distribution of theses strandings during the period of 1984 to 2005, in the coast of Rio Grande do Norte. Data was acquired through the monitoring of strandings in the north, north-west and south coast of RN, and through information obtained from institutions and newspaper archives of the State. A total of 122 strandings of cetaceans were registered along the coast of Rio Grande do Norte. Of the 14 species of cetaceans registered, four species had higher frequencies: Sotalia guianensis (n= 65), Steno bredanensis (n = 6), Globicephala macrorhynchus (n = 6) and Physeter macrocephalus (n = 7). Out of 118 strandings, 93 occurred in the south coast (78.8 %), 23 in the north coast (19.5%) and 2 (1.7%) in the north-west coast of the State. The highest frequency of strandings occurred during the months of August to March and the maximum number of strandings occurred from 2000 onwards, as a consequence of the intense monitoring of the Pequenos Cetáceos Project in Rio Grande do Norte

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Female hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) nesting along the southeastcoastline of Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil (6º13'40"S, 35º03'05"W) were captured and weighed during the four months from January to April 2007, in the course of the annual egglaying season, which extended from 06 rd November 2006 to 30 rd May 2007. In all, 99 weight measurements were performed. On first contact the females exhibited an average post-oviposition weight of 79.1 kg (range 56.2-98.9 kg, SD = 10.9 kg, n = 44 females). Those individuals which were subsequently recaptured showed a mean weight loss of 1.7 kg (range 0.7-4.5 kg, SD = 1.0 kg, n = 39 sets of measurements on 20 females) in the interval between two consecutive post-ovipositions, separated by a maximum time interval of 17 days. In the cases where the female aborted the nesting process, the pre-oviposition weight was measured. The clutch weight, that is to say, the weight loss between consecutive pre-oviposition and post-oviposition measurements (separated by a maximum time interval of 3 days), was found to be 5.2 kg (range 4.3-6.0 kg, SD = 0.9 kg, n = 6 sets of measurements). This value is significantly higher (t-test, p<0.001) than the loss between two consecutive post-oviposition measurements with the same female. The mean recovery in body weight, that is to say, the average gain in weight between successive post-oviposition and pre-oviposition captures of the same individual (separated by a time interval of 12 to 17 days), was found to be 3.0 kg (range 1.9-4.3 kg, SD = 1.0 kg, n = 4 sets of measurements) Although the small sample size makes it unwise to generalise, the recovery in body weight was found to be always significantly lower (t-test, p<0.005) than the clutch weight. This fact is in agreement with the observed weight loss tendency throughout the breeding season for this species. Considering the clutch weight and the internidal recovery in body weight we found that the total weight loss of the adult hawksbill females after three to five nesting events varied from 10.4% (range 8.7-11.9%, SD = 1.6%, n = 3) to 14.1% (range 11.8-15.4%, SD = 1.3%, n = 6) in relation to their initial pre-oviposition weight. If there were no body weight recovery during the internesting interval we estimate that a female that nests three to five times in the course of the season would lose from 19% to 31% of its initial weight. We emphasise that our clutch weight estimate was performed by weighing the females and not by multiplying the number of eggs in the nest by their average unit weight. In this way, our measurements take into account the loss of liquid during the oviposition. Despite the unequivocal evidence of body weight recovery during the internidal interval, it is not clear if the cause of this process is rehydration or feeding

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A família Convolvulaceae é cosmopolita, com ampla distribuição nos trópicos e subtrópicos. No Brasil, ocorrem 18 gêneros e cerca de 340 espécies, sendo 151 endêmicas de campos rupestres, cerrados ou caatingas. Este trabalho refere-se ao estudo palinotaxonômico dos grãos de pólen de táxons de Convolvulaceae ocorrentes na região sudeste, Brasil tribos Merremieae e Cuscuteae. Foram analisados os grãos de pólen de 6 táxons de Cuscuta L., 12 táxons de Merremia Dennst. e 2 táxons de Operculina S. Manso. O material botânico utilizado foi obtido através de exsicatas depositadas nos principais herbários nacionais. Os grãos de pólen foram tratados pelo método de acetólise, sendo posteriormente mensurados, descritos, fotomicrografados em microscopia de luz. Para análise em microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV), as anteras foram rompidas e os grãos de pólen, não acetolisados, espalhados sobre uma fita de carbono. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo demonstraram que: na tribo Cuscuteae foram registrados pela primeira vez, grãos de pólen colporados; na tribo Merremieae, a morfologia polínica das espécies de Merremia mostraram variações já registradas em publicações anteriores porém, a ausência de polaridade em alguns táxons é um resultado inédito. O número, a forma das aberturas e a presença de opérculo, a ornamentação de base, ou seja, microrretículo, retículo ou perfuração e as supra ornamentações (grânulos, espinhos e microespinhos) também foram registros importantes aqui mencionados. No gênero Operculina, os resultados aqui expressos foram novos, uma vez que as poucas bibliografias anteriores fizeram menção apenas à quantidade de aberturas para o gênero.O Tamanho, a forma e a ornamentação da sexina características são descritas pela primeira vez neste estudo. Os resultados aqui obtidos permitem confirmar que Cuscuta, Merremia e Operculina puderam ser identificados através dos atributos polínicos bem como, suas espécies foram separadas na chave aqui elaborada. Confirma-se, assim, que os gêneros estudados são euripolínicos.