Incidente em Antares e O cão e Os caluandas : Literatura brasileira e angolana na perspectiva da sátira menipeia

Esta pesquisa estuda Incidente em Antares, de Erico Veríssimo, e O cão e os caluandas, de Pepetela, na perspectiva da sátira menipeia. Para além da biografia dos autores, busca-se discutir as origens do gênero da menipeia, recuperando o seu mais importante representante - Luciano de Samósata. É, porém, sob a teoria de Mikhail Bakhtin que se analisam as obras dos escritores brasileiro e angolano. Quer-se verificar a presença de específicas características da sátira menipeia, as quais são o carnaval e o riso ritual, a paródia, a liberdade imaginativa, o fantástico e seus desdobramentos, as cenas excêntricas, os contrastes, a polifonia, a utilização de gêneros intercalados e a chamada publiscística atualizada. No último capítulo há uma observação sociológica das obras, o que permite pensá-las como um retrato das sociedades a que os autores se referem. ABSTRACT: This research studies Incidente em Antares, by Erico Veríssimo, and O cão e os caluandas, by Pepetela, in the perspective of the menippean sati.re. Besides de authors' biography, it tries to discuss the origin of the genre, recovering its most important representative - Luciano de Samosata. However, the search analyses the works of the Brazilian and Angolan writers upon the theory of Mikhail Bakhtin. lt intends to verify the presence of the specific characteristics of the menippean satire, which are: carnival and the ritual Iaughting, parody, imaginative freedom, the fantastic and its unfolding, eccentric scenes, contrasts, polyphony, intercalary genres and the up-to-date publiscistic. ln the last chapter there is a sociologic observation concerning the works, which allow thinking about them as a portrait of the societies that the authors want to discuss.

Chasing reporters : Infotainment, intertextuality and media satire

The Chaser’s War on Everything is a night time entertainment program which screened on Australia’s public broadcaster, the ABC in 2006 and 2007. This enormously successful comedy show managed to generate a lot of controversy in its short lifespan (see, for example, Dennehy, 2007; Dubecki, 2007; McLean, 2007; Wright, 2007), but also drew much praise for its satirising of, and commentary on, topical issues. Through interviews with the program’s producers, qualitative audience research and textual analysis, this paper will focus on this show’s media satire, and the segment ‘What Have We Learned From Current Affairs This Week?’ in particular. Viewed as a form of ‘Critical Intertextuality’ (Gray, 2006), this segment (which offered a humorous critique of the ways in which news and current affairs are presented elsewhere on television) may equip citizens with a better understanding of the new genre’s production methods, thus producing a higher level of public media literacy. This paper argues that through its media satire, The Chaser acts not as a traditional news program would in informing the public with new information, but as a text which can inform and shape our understanding of news that already exists within the public sphere. Humorous analyses and critiques of the media (like those analysed in this paper), are in fact very important forms of infotainment, because they can provide “other, ‘improper,’ and yet more media literate and savvy interpretations” (Gray, 2006, p. 4) of the news.

Public knowledge beyond journalism : infotainment, satire and Australian television

This thesis examines the changing relationships between television, politics, audiences and the public sphere. Premised on the notion that mediated politics is now understood “in new ways by new voices” (Jones, 2005: 4), and appropriating what McNair (2003) calls a “chaos theory” of journalism sociology, this thesis explores how two different contemporary Australian political television programs (Sunrise and The Chaser’s War on Everything) are viewed, understood, and used by audiences. In analysing these programs from textual, industry and audience perspectives, this thesis argues that journalism has been largely thought about in overly simplistic binary terms which have failed to reflect the reality of audiences’ news consumption patterns. The findings of this thesis suggest that both ‘soft’ infotainment (Sunrise) and ‘frivolous’ satire (The Chaser’s War on Everything) are used by audiences in intricate ways as sources of political information, and thus these TV programs (and those like them) should be seen as legitimate and valuable forms of public knowledge production. It therefore might be more worthwhile for scholars to think about, research and teach journalism in the plural: as a series of complementary or antagonistic journalisms, rather than as a single coherent entity.

The uses of satire : unorthodox news, cultural chaos and the interrogation of power

This article focuses on the satirical Australian show The Chaser’s War on Everything, and uses it to critically assess the potential political and social ramifications of what McNair (2006) has called ‘cultural chaos’. Drawing upon and analysing several examples from this particular program, alongside interviews with its production team and qualitative audience research, this article argues that this TV show’s engagement with politicians and political issues, in a way that departs from the conventions of traditional journalism, offers a significant opportunity for the interrogation of power. The program’s use of often bizarre and unexpected comedic confrontation allows it to present a perhaps more authentic image of political agents than is often cultivated in mainstream journalism. This suggests therefore that the shift from homogeneity to heterogeneity in the news media – which McNair (2006) sees as a key feature of cultural chaos – presents a significant challenge to those who wish to retain control over what the public sees and understands about the political world, and is a development which should be viewed in positive terms.

Petites obsessions ironie et satire dans l'écriture de nouvelles destinées à la jeunesse

Petites obsessions : ironie et satire dans l'écriture de nouvelles destinées à la jeunesse", mémoire en création littéraire, comporte deux parties. La première présente un recueil de nouvelles humoristiques destinées à un lectorat jeunesse. Ces nouvelles, au nombre de huit, bien que différentes les unes des autres, partagent une même thématique, l'obsession, et des tonalités humoristiques comparables, soit la satire et l'ironie. La seconde partie de ce mémoire, plus théorique, se divise en trois sections. D'abord, on trouve une section traitant de la littérature jeunesse; on y parle du héros et du système de personnages, de l'humour utilisé dans ce type de littérature et, finalement de quelques thèmes fréquemment rencontrés : amour, intégration au groupe de pairs, identité, liberté et indépendance, nouvelles réalités sociales. Ce portrait rapide et succinct de la littérature jeunesse vient étayer les stratégies d'écriture utilisées lors de la rédaction de Petites obsessions , stratégies susceptibles de favoriser l'éclosion de l'humour dans un contexte littéraire. L'analyse d'un corpus restreint, mais représentatif, qui s'ensuit (Raymond Plante, Robert Soulières, Sylvie Desrosiers et Denis Côté) permet d'observer concrètement la présence des divers éléments textuels décrits en première partie, pour ensuite les mettre en corrélation avec la création littéraire proprement dite. À cette dernière étape, consignée dans la troisième section, s'ajoute une réflexion sur l'intentionnalité qui fonde l'écriture de Petites obsessions de même que sur les cibles qui y sont visées.