12 resultados para Microsprinkler


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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Atendendo a demanda da CAMPO (Cia. de Producao Agricola) delineou-se este trabalho com o proposito de avaliar o desempenho de um sistema de irrigacao por microaspersao no Projeto de Colonizacao Gerais de Balsas - MA. Com base nas medidas da vazao da agua aplicada e da pressao, determinou-se a uniformidade da emissao do sistema, objetivando estabelecer seu grau de aceitabilidade. Testes em microaspersores isolados permitiam comparar perfis de distribuicao de agua em condicoes variaveis de vento. Foram ainda determinados o percentual de area molhada, o perfil de umidade do solo, a superficie de aspersao e a tensao de agua no solo na zona de raizes e nas condicoes locais de operacao. Observando-se os resultados, verificou-se elevada uniformidade de emissao de 97,5%, classificando o sistema como excelente. A eficiencia da aplicacao da agua foi de 87,8%, superando o minimo recomendavel que e de 80%. O percentual da area molhada foi adequado, atingindo 63,5% de area umida. Ate 2 metros do microaspersor, a 20 cm de profundidade do solo, as tensoes, variaveis de 30 a 85 kPa, sao apropriadas as boas produtividades da bananeira. Alem dessas distancias, as tensoes atingem valores limitantes de 400 a 500 kPa.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda Três Irmãos, no município de Pratânia, Estado de São Paulo, com o objetivo de estudar o efeito da fertirrigação com diferentes doses de NPK aplicadas por meio de um sistema de irrigação por microaspersão na cultura da laranja em comparação com a adubação convencional irrigada e não irrigada. A avaliação dos efeitos da irrigação e da fertirrigação na cultura foi feita com base na produção e qualidade dos frutos colhidos, na análise de solo da camada de 0-20 cm e na análise de folhas. Os tratamentos não influenciaram significativamente a produtividade de acordo com a análise estatística realizada, embora se tenha observado uma tendência de maior produtividade nos tratamentos de fertirrigação para uma mesma dose. A análise de qualidade dos frutos não mostrou diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos. Os teores de alguns dos elementos obtidos na análise de solo apresentaram diferenças significativas proporcionadas pela irrigação e/ou modo de aplicação dos fertilizantes à cultura. A análise de folhas diferiu quanto aos teores de Ca, Mg e K.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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A non-linear model is presented which optimizes the lay-out, as well as the design and management of trickle irrigation systems, to achieve maximum net benefit. The model consists of an objective function that maximizes profit at the farm level, subject to appropriate geometric and hydraulic constraints. It can be applied to rectangular shaped fields, with uniform or zero slope. The software used is the Gams-Minos package. The basic inputs are the crop-water-production function, the cost function and cost of system components, and design variables. The main outputs are the annual net benefit and pipe diameters and lengths. To illustrate the capability of the model, a sensitivity analysis of the annual net benefit for a citrus field is evaluated with respect to irrigated area, ground slope, micro-sprinkler discharge and shape of the field. The sensitivity analysis suggests that the greatest benefit is obtained with the smallest microsprinkler discharge, the greatest area, a square field and zero ground slope. The costs of the investment and energy are the components of the objective function that had the greatest effect in the 120 situations evaluated. (C) 1996 Academic Press Limited

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The objective of this research was to study the effects of five different treatments of grass (Brachiaria decumbens) straw mulch on common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.): 0% (0 t.ha-1), 25% (2,25 t.ha-1), 50% (4,5 t.ha-1), 75% (6,75 t. ha-1) and 100% (9,0 t/ha) designed by randomized blocks, with four replicates. The irrigation was applied when minimum soil water potential were reached about - 30kPa. The water management based on tensiometers and soil water characteristic curve. A microsprinkler irrigation system was used. The experiment was set up at the Experimental Station of Embrapa Rice and Bean (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária Arroz e Feijão) at Santo Antonio de Goiás, Brazil, in a Dark - Red Latosol soil. The results showed: the bean yield and his components were not affected by treatments, except grain number/pod,. The mulch increased the water use efficiency and, consequently, decreased the number of irrigations when the mulch reached more than 50% straw mulch. The treatment with 100% of mulching presented the largest leaf area index and dry matter accumulation was not affected by mulching.

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The need for a rational use of water and supply of food for a growing world population have led to the development of research in the area of irrigation systems. Thus, some irrigation systems which join efficiency with low cost of material have been developed. Although some technical characteristics are provided by the manufacturers, tests are required to verify functioning of the system and uniformity of water distribution. Continuous research on uniformity, characteristics of the materials and design of water distribution systems is essential for system improvement. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the CV (manufacturer's coefficient of variation) of Amanco microsprinkler (1.0 mm light green nipple) using bench testing in the laboratory of Irrigation at UNESP - FCA campus of Botucatu-SP. Twenty-five microsprinklers in a sequential design were used in the tests. Three flow systems were tested as follows: a Coil system based on serial connected pipes; a Lateral system, the most common system in which secondary lines are fed by a main line; and a Mesh system used in the urban water supply. The results showed that 4.17% CVf met the production standards and the Lateral and Mesh systems were similar regarding outflow using bench testing. The Mesh system presented the highest mean value of outflow and the lowest range of variation.

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The work was realized at the Laboratório de Ensaio de Equipamentos de Irrigação do Departamento de Engenharia Rural da Universidade Estadual Paulista FCA- UNESP de Botucatu - SP, it aims evaluated in bench, the flow of a microsprinkler flow with dynamic nominal 43L h-1, before and after the use of gray water. In the first phase were 25 new emitters were separated and performed tests with clean water, at pressures from 50 to 300 kPa. In a second phase the emitters have been submitted 1000h operating with gray water. At the end of this time, the emitters were submitted again into conditions of initial essay, to evaluate the new costume water effect on medium flow from microsprinkler. At the end we can see that the average flow of the emitters, after use, has declined compared to the emitters discharge before use in 6,6%, the coefficient of variation after use was 5,1%, increased in proportion the coefficient of initial production was 4,3%, the R 2 fell from 0.9946 to 0.9898 and the microsprinkler continued with a high rating, according to the ABNT and ASAE.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)