An Approximate Method For Calculation Of Fluid Force And Response Of A Circular Cylinder At Lock-In

In this paper, equations calculating lift force of a rigid circular cyclinder at lock-in uniform flow are deduced in detail. Besides, equations calculating the lift force on a long flexible circular cyclinder at lock-in are deduced based on mode analysis of a multi-degree freedom system. The simplified forms of these equations are also given. Furthermore, an approximate method to predict the forces and response of rigid circular cyclinders and long flexible circular cyclinders at lock-in is introduced in the case of low mass-damping ratio. A method to eliminate one deficiency of these equations is introduced. Comparison with experimental results show the effectiveness of this approximate method.

Research on Bearing Capacity Calculation Method of Large Diameter Cylinder in Soft Clay

A large diameter cylinder inserted in soils is a new type of engineering structures used in offshore and port engineering. The mechanism of its bearing capacity and the analysis of its stability are important to its design and applications. In this paper, the finite element method is used to analyze the reacting forces of the soft soil foundation on the structure under the wave action. A simplified method is proposed, based on the plastic limit method, for the safety and stability analysis. Our analysis shows that the assumptions made in this paper and the mechanism used are reasonable, and the results obtained are appropriate. The calculation method is very efficient and can be used to evaluate main parameters of the structure in its preliminary designs.

CALCULATION METHOD OF LATTICE ENERGY ON COMPLEX-CRYSTALS

In this paper, based on the consideration of covalent behavior of adjacent ions in crystals, a calculation formula of lattice energy was proposed. In which, the concept of ionic effective valence and the empirical formula covalent energy were introduced,

Simple finite field method for calculation of static and dynamic vibrational hyperpolarizabilities: curvature contributions

In the static field limit, the vibrational hyperpolarizability consists of two contributions due to: (1) the shift in the equilibrium geometry (known as nuclear relaxation), and (2) the change in the shape of the potential energy surface (known as curvature). Simple finite field methods have previously been developed for evaluating these static field contributions and also for determining the effect of nuclear relaxation on dynamic vibrational hyperpolarizabilities in the infinite frequency approximation. In this paper the finite field approach is extended to include, within the infinite frequency approximation, the effect of curvature on the major dynamic nonlinear optical processes

The STATFLUX code: a statistical method for calculation of flow and set of parameters, based on the Multiple-Compartment Biokinetical Model

The code STATFLUX, implementing a new and simple statistical procedure for the calculation of transfer coefficients in radionuclide transport to animals and plants, is proposed. The method is based on the general multiple-compartment model, which uses a system of linear equations involving geometrical volume considerations. Flow parameters were estimated by employing two different least-squares procedures: Derivative and Gauss-Marquardt methods, with the available experimental data of radionuclide concentrations as the input functions of time. The solution of the inverse problem, which relates a given set of flow parameter with the time evolution of concentration functions, is achieved via a Monte Carlo Simulation procedure.Program summaryTitle of program: STATFLUXCatalogue identifier: ADYS_v1_0Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/ADYS_v1_0Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University of Belfast, N. IrelandLicensing provisions: noneComputer for which the program is designed and others on which it has been tested: Micro-computer with Intel Pentium III, 3.0 GHzInstallation: Laboratory of Linear Accelerator, Department of Experimental Physics, University of São Paulo, BrazilOperating system: Windows 2000 and Windows XPProgramming language used: Fortran-77 as implemented in Microsoft Fortran 4.0. NOTE: Microsoft Fortran includes non-standard features which are used in this program. Standard Fortran compilers such as, g77, f77, ifort and NAG95, are not able to compile the code and therefore it has not been possible for the CPC Program Library to test the program.Memory, required to execute with typical data: 8 Mbytes of RAM memory and 100 MB of Hard disk memoryNo. of bits in a word: 16No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 6912No. of bytes in distributed Program, including test data, etc.: 229 541Distribution format: tar.gzNature of the physical problem: the investigation of transport mechanisms for radioactive substances, through environmental pathways, is very important for radiological protection of populations. One such pathway, associated with the food chain, is the grass-animal-man sequence. The distribution of trace elements in humans and laboratory animals has been intensively studied over the past 60 years [R.C. Pendlenton, C.W. Mays, R.D. Lloyd, A.L. Brooks, Differential accumulation of iodine-131 from local fallout in people and milk, Health Phys. 9 (1963) 1253-1262]. In addition, investigations on the incidence of cancer in humans, and a possible causal relationship to radioactive fallout, have been undertaken [E.S. Weiss, M.L. Rallison, W.T. London, W.T. Carlyle Thompson, Thyroid nodularity in southwestern Utah school children exposed to fallout radiation, Amer. J. Public Health 61 (1971) 241-249; M.L. Rallison, B.M. Dobyns, F.R. Keating, J.E. Rall, F.H. Tyler, Thyroid diseases in children, Amer. J. Med. 56 (1974) 457-463; J.L. Lyon, M.R. Klauber, J.W. Gardner, K.S. Udall, Childhood leukemia associated with fallout from nuclear testing, N. Engl. J. Med. 300 (1979) 397-402]. From the pathways of entry of radionuclides in the human (or animal) body, ingestion is the most important because it is closely related to life-long alimentary (or dietary) habits. Those radionuclides which are able to enter the living cells by either metabolic or other processes give rise to localized doses which can be very high. The evaluation of these internally localized doses is of paramount importance for the assessment of radiobiological risks and radiological protection. The time behavior of trace concentration in organs is the principal input for prediction of internal doses after acute or chronic exposure. The General Multiple-Compartment Model (GMCM) is the powerful and more accepted method for biokinetical studies, which allows the calculation of concentration of trace elements in organs as a function of time, when the flow parameters of the model are known. However, few biokinetics data exist in the literature, and the determination of flow and transfer parameters by statistical fitting for each system is an open problem.Restriction on the complexity of the problem: This version of the code works with the constant volume approximation, which is valid for many situations where the biological half-live of a trace is lower than the volume rise time. Another restriction is related to the central flux model. The model considered in the code assumes that exist one central compartment (e.g., blood), that connect the flow with all compartments, and the flow between other compartments is not included.Typical running time: Depends on the choice for calculations. Using the Derivative Method the time is very short (a few minutes) for any number of compartments considered. When the Gauss-Marquardt iterative method is used the calculation time can be approximately 5-6 hours when similar to 15 compartments are considered. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Determination of a method for calculation of allometric condition factor of fish

There is no agreement among authors that study fish condition by the allometric method (K=W/Lb) with regard to the best procedure for b coefficient calculation. Some authors use a constant coefficient for all sub-samples (seasons of the year, for instance), whilst others calculate b value for each sub-sample. To demonstrate which of these methods fits better, this study verified that the use of one b value for each sub-sample leads to distortion of Condition Factor values. Comparing the two tested methods, it may be concluded that the method which calculates b coefficient from groupings of all individuals and uses b as a constant value for all sub-samples is the most convenient method to study fish condition.

The child's arithmetick; or, The elements of calculation, in the spirit of Pestalozzi's method ...

Mode of access: Internet.

Short, easy, and improved method of finding the apparent time at ship. Rapid calculation of apparent time for finding the longitude.

Mode of access: Internet.

Using the stated preference method for the calculation of social discount rate

The aim of this paper is to build the stated preference method into the social discount rate methodology. The first part of the paper presents the results of a survey about stated time preferences through pair-choice decision situations for various topics and time horizons. It is assumed that stated time preferences differ from calculated time preferences and that the extent of stated rates depends on the time period, and on how much respondents are financially and emotionally involved in the transactions. A significant question remains: how can the gap between the calculation and the results of surveys be resolved, and how can the real time preferences of individuals be interpreted using a social time preference rate. The second part of the paper estimates the social time preference rate for Hungary using the results of the survey, while paying special attention to the pure time preference component. The results suggest that the current method of calculation of the pure time preference rate does not reflect the real attitudes of individuals towards future generations.

Semi-analytic method of contact modelling

An algorithm to improve the accuracy and stability of rigid-body contact force calculation is presented. The algorithm uses a combination of analytic solutions and numerical methods to solve a spring-damper differential equation typical of a contact model. The solution method employs the recently proposed patch method, which especially suits the spring-damper differential equations. The resulting semi-analytic solution reduces the stiffness of the differential equations, while performing faster than conventional alternatives.

Trawling pull exerted by a trawler: a method of estimation from propeller dimensions and its comparison with sea measurements

The proper matching of the pull exerted by a trawler and the size of trawl is important for maximizing the catching efficiency. The available pull is more dependent on the propeller and its working conditions than the installed engine power. The normal practice is to directly connect net size to the installed power in the boat by formulae without reference to the prope1ler dimensions or the available trawling pull and this is not adequate to find out the optimum combination. By the method outlined in this paper, the accurate calculation of trawling pull is possible by taking into account only the propeller diameter, pitch and r. p. m. The predictions by the method are compared for trawlers with powers between 30 and 60 hp and agreement is found to be within + 5%. The power absorbed by the propeller in trawling condition can also be calculated by this method for checking whether the engine is being overloaded.

The Modeling of Ion Implantation in a Three-Layer Structure Using the Method of Dose Matching

The method of modeling ion implantation in a multilayer target using moments of a statistical distribution and numerical integration for dose calculation in each target layer is applied to the modelling of As⁺ in poly-Si/SiO2/Si. Good agreement with experiment is obtained. Copyright © 1985 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

Calculation of the nonlinear optical coefficient of the NdAl3(BO3)(4) crystal

For the first time, we present the calculation of the nonlinear optical coefficient of the NdAl3(BO3)(4) (NAB) crystal from a systematic and quantitative standpoint. Based on the dielectric theory of complex crystals and the Levine bond charge model, the method of calculation of the second-order nonlinear optical tensor coefficients of complex crystals has been given systematically. The chemical bond parameters and linear and nonlinear susceptibilities of the NAB crystal have been calculated in detail, and the calculated value of d(11)(NAB) is -5.81 x 10(-9) esu, which agrees with the measured value of 4.06 x 10(-9) esu.

The method of predicate least squares refinement

Parameters to be determined in a least squares refinement calculation to fit a set of observed data may sometimes usefully be `predicated' to values obtained from some independent source, such as a theoretical calculation. An algorithm for achieving this in a least squares refinement calculation is described, which leaves the operator in full control of the weight that he may wish to attach to the predicate values of the parameters.