Preconcentration of heavy metals ions from aqueous solutions by means of cellulose phosphate: An application in water analysis

Cellulose phosphate (CELLPHOS) was studied as a collector for analytical preconcentration of traces of Cd(II), Cr(III), Cu(II) and Ni(II) from aqueous sample solution. It has been proved that using chromatographic columns packed with CELLPHOS for preconcentration and 1.0 mol 1 -1 HCl for elution the adsorbed analytes are quantitatively enriched. An enrichment factor of 20 (100 ml sample, 5 ml concentrate) was achieved by this separation procedure, which was applied to a series of water analyses (river, sea, bog water).

Synthesis, characterization and thermal behaviour of solid-state compounds of folates with some bivalent transition metals ions

Solid-state M-L compounds, where M stands for bivalent Mn, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn and L is folate (C19H17N7O6), have been synthesized. Simultaneous thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), X-ray powder diffractometry, infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), TG-DSC coupled to FTIR, elemental analysis and high-resolution continuum source flame atomic absorption spectrometry technique (HR-CS FAAS) were used to characterize and to study the thermal behaviour of these compounds. The results provided information concerning the composition, dehydration, thermal stability and thermal decomposition. © 2013 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary.

Banana Peel Applied to the Solid Phase Extraction of Copper and Lead from River Water: Preconcentration of Metal Ions with a Fruit Waste

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Environmental evaluation of metals in sediments and dragonflies due to sugar cane cultivation in neotropical streams

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Bioaccumulation of metals in aquatic insects of streams located in areas with sugar cane cultivation

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Preparation of a silica gel modified with 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole for adsorption of metal ions and electroanalytical application

Silica gel with a specific area of 382 m2 g-1 and an average pore diameter of 60 Å was chemically modified with 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole, for the purpose of selective adsorption of heavy metals ions and possible use as a chemically modified carbon paste electrode (CMCPE). The following properties of this functionalized silica gel are discussed: selective adsorption of heavy metal ions measured by batch and chromatographic column techniques, and utilization as preconcentration agent in a chemically modified carbon paste electrode (CMCPE) for determination of mercury(II). The chemical selectivity of this functional group and the selectivity of voltammetry were combined for preconcentration and determination. ©2006 Sociedade Brasileira de Química.

The reactive surface of Castor leaf [Ricinus communis L.] powder as a green adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals from natural river water

In this study, a green adsorbent was successfully applied to remove toxic metals from aqueous solutions. Dried minced castor leaves were fractionated into 63-μm particles to perform characterization and extraction experiments. Absorption bands in FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) spectra at 1544, 1232 and 1350 cm-1 were assigned to nitrogen-containing groups. Elemental analysis showed high nitrogen and sulfur content: 5.76 and 1.93%, respectively. The adsorption kinetics for Cd(II) and Pb(II) followed a pseudo-second-order model, and no difference between the experimental and calculated Nf values (0.094 and 0.05 mmol g-1 for Cd(II) and Pb(II), respectively) was observed. The Ns values calculated using the modified Langmuir equation, 0.340 and 0.327 mmol g-1 for Cd(II) and Pb(II), respectively, were superior to the results obtained for several materials in the literature. The method proposed in this study was applied to pre-concentrate (45-fold enrichment factor) and used to measure Cd(II) and Pb(II) in freshwater samples from the Paraná River. The method was validated through a comparative analysis with a standard reference material (1643e). © 2013 Elsevier B.V. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

CO adsorption on ionic Pt, Pd and Cu sites in Ce(1-x)M(x)O(2-delta) (M = Pt(2+), Pd(2+), Cu(2+))

Noble metal ion substituted CeO(2) in the form of Ce(0.98)M(0.02)O(2-delta) solid solution (where M = Pt, Pd, Cu) are the new generation catalysts with applications in three-way exhaust catalysis. While adsorption of CO on noble metals ions is well-known, adsorption of CO on noble metal ions has not been studied because creating exclusive ionic sites has been difficult. Using first-principles density functional theory (DFT) we have shown that CO gets adsorbed on the noble metal Pt(2+), Pd(2+), Cu(2+) ionic sites in the respective compounds, and the net energy of the overall system decreases. Adsorption of CO on metal ions is also confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).

High Loading of Pd Nanoparticles by Interior Functionalization of MOFs for Heterogeneous Catalysis

In this report, the issue related to nanoparticle (NP) agglomeration upon increasing their loading amount into metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has been addressed by functionalization of MOFs with alkyne groups. The alkynophilicity of the Pd2+ (or other noble metals) ions has been utilized successfully for significant loading of Pd NPs into alkyne functionalized MOFs. It has been shown here that the size and loading amount of Pd NPs are highly dependent on the surface area and pore width of the MOFs. The loading amount of Pd NPs was increased monotonically without altering their size distribution on a particular MOF. Importantly, the distinct role of alkyne groups for Pe(2+) stabilization has also been demonstrated by performing a control experiment considering a MOF without an alkyne moiety. The preparation of NPs involved two distinct steps viz. adsorption of metal ions inside MOFs and reduction of metal ions. Both of these steps were monitored by microscopic techniques. This report also demonstrates the applicability of Pd@MOF NPs as extremely efficient heterogeneous catalysts for Heck-coupling and hydrogenation reactions of aryl bromides or iodides and alkenes, respectively.

Selective separation of yttrium by CA-100 in the presence of a complexing agent

The selective separation of Y from yttrium solution containing small heavy rare earth (HRE) impurities (Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) by liquid-liquid extraction using CA-100 in the presence of a water-soluble complexing agent of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was experimentally studied at 298K. Experiments were carried Out in two feeds, Feed-I: [RE](f) = 4.94 x 10(-3) M, Y = 98.5%, HRE (Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) = 1.5%; Feed-II: [RE](f) = 4.94 x 10(-3) M, Y = 99.9%, HRE (Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) = 0.1%, as a function of equilibrium pH (pH(eq)), the concentration ratio of [EDTA]:[HRE impurities]. It was shown that the extraction of HRE in the presence of EDTA was suppressed when compared to that of Y because of the masking effect, while the selective extraction of Y was enhanced and the separation factors increased to maximum at appropriate condition for Feed-I: Y/Ho = 1.53, Y/Er = 3.09, Y/Tm = 5.61, Y/Yb = 12.04, Y/Lu = 27.51 at pH 4.37 and [EDTA]:[HRE impurities] = 4: 1, for Feed-II: Y/Ho = 1.32, Y/Er = 1.91, Y/Tm = 2.00, Y/Yb = 3.05, Y/Lu = 3.33 at pH 4.42 and [EDTA]: [HRE impurities] = 8:1. The separation and purification of Y by this method was discussed.

土壤中重金属活动性的唐南膜测定、模型模拟与污染的原位控制

土壤是自然环境的重要组成部分，是人类赖以生存与发展的宝贵资源。但是近年来我国土壤重金属污染日益严重，重金属污染物与其它类型的污染物相比具有隐蔽性、长期性与不可逆性等一系列特殊性，成为土壤中永久的污染物，最终通过食物链的传递进入人体，对人类的健康造成潜在的危害。因此，研究土壤重金属污染与控制具有很重要的意义。本论文首次将唐南膜平衡法（DonnanMembraneTechnique）和EcosAT（EquilibriumCalculationOfSpeciationAndTransport）模型引入我国土壤重金属活动性研究，并将两种方法获得的结果进行比较，互相验证，取得了较好的结果。还将两种方法结合探讨了贵州铝厂生产的赤泥对土壤中的游离重金属离子浓度的影响。土壤样品采于贵州都匀福锌矿地区，一个位于锅锌矿选厂尾矿坝下农田中的水稻土，以下简称坝下土，为重污染土；另一个位于锅锌矿上游桥边农田中的水稻土，以下简称桥边土，为轻污染土，本研究取得的主要结论与认识包括：1．作者对唐南膜平衡法进行了部分改进，用国内生产的JAM一I型均相离子交换膜替换Brwin等所用的BDH膜，既降低了实验的平衡时间，又经济实惠。另外还用KNO3溶液代替KNO3和Ca（NO3）2混合溶液作为实验的介质溶液，就可以避免由于国内土壤中Ca2+含量差异较大可能造成的误差。其它实验条件为：蠕动泵的流速为2.0ml／min，平衡时间为48小时。2．用柠檬酸体系（液一液体系）和土壤一水体系（固一液体系）检验了唐南膜平衡法，它可以在不扰动体系平衡的基础上同时测定同一体系中的多个游离金属离子浓度，而且各金属离子之间互不干扰。3．桥边土中的游离重金属离子浓度与其中2mol／LHNO3提取的重金属总含量成很好的直线关系，其中Cu和Zn游离离子浓度与其中的总金属含量呈现较好的正比关系，随着重金属总含量的降低，即土液比的降低，游离重金属离子浓度随之降低；而其中的Ni和Cd却相反，随着重金属总含量的降低，游离重金属离子浓度反而增加。添加赤泥后随着土液比的降低各重金属的游离离羲?子浓度的变化趋势与添加赤泥前一样。桥边土中的重金属游离离子浓度在添加联合法赤泥后有所增加，而拜尔法赤泥的加入降低了其中的游离重金属离子浓度，加入的比例越大，变化的量越多，而且其中Ni和cd的变化幅度比Cu和Zn的要大。4．坝下土中Cu、Zn、Ni和Cd元素的游离离子浓度与它们在土壤中Zmol／LHNo3提取的重金属总含量呈很夯的正比关系，随着重金属总含量的降低，游离重金属离子浓度随之降低。添加赤泥后其中Cu和Zn元素的变化趋势与添加赤泥前一样，Ni和Cd元素出现了异常，Ni在赤泥添加比例为0.50％时变化趋势一样，但添加比例为2.00％时其离子浓度先增加，但在土液比为1:100时反而有较大幅度的降低。而其中Cd离子浓度先增加，在土液比为1:100时反而有较大幅度的降低。坝下土中Cu和Zn的游离离子浓度在添加赤泥以后改变很小，赤泥添加比例为2.00％的土壤中的游离离子浓度相对较低一点，而添加比例为0.50％的与未加赤泥的土壤基本上一样；其中Ni和Cd的变化相对来说较大，赤泥添加比例为2.00％的土壤中的游离离子浓度降低得比较明显，拜尔法赤泥添加比例为0.50％的土壤也得到了较大的改善，而联合法赤泥添加比例为0.50％的却比未加赤泥的土壤中的还要高一点。5．利用ECOSAT模型模拟了本论文所涉及的实验中的游离重金属离子浓度，测量值与模拟值取得了较好的一致，除了Zn的误差较大以外，其它三个元素符合的很好，从而表明EC0sAT在土壤一水系统中的模拟取得了较好的结果。6．模拟了不同土液比土壤中各重金属元素在有机质、铁氧化物、粘土和唐南凝胶体这四种吸附相中的分配。发现在所研究的土壤样品中所有元素在粘土相中所占的比例很小，可以忽略不计，Cu主要分布在有机质相中，占80％左右，随着土液比的降低，其在有机质和唐南凝胶体相中的分配比例慢慢变小，而在铁氧化物中的比例越来越大；Zn主要分布在有机质和铁氧化物相中，各占40％左右；随着土液比的降低，Zn在有机质相中的比例增大，铁氧化物比例几乎不变，而唐南凝胶体所占比例逐渐减小；Ni基本上只分布在有机质和铁”氧化物相中，Cd则几乎只存在于有机质相中，它们的分布比例几乎不随土液比的改变而变化。7．无论在桥边土和坝下土中添加何种赤泥，添加的比例是多少，在添加赤泥前后土壤中重金属元素在各吸附相中的分配比变化很小，主要是有机质相所占比例稍微变小，而铁氧化物相相应的有一点增加。而对于不同的土液比，其变化趋势相同，只是变化幅度相对来说较大。

The stability and aggregation properties of the GTPase domain from human SEPT4

The septins are a family of conserved proteins involved in cytokinesis and cortical organization. An increasing amount of data implicates different septins in diverse pathological conditions including neurodegenerative disorders, neoplasia and infections. Human SEPT4 is a member of this family and its tissue-specific ectopic expression profile in colorectal and urologic cancer makes it a useful diagnostic biomarker. Thermal unfolding of the GTPase domain of SEPT4 (SEPT4-G) revealed an unfolding intermediate which rapidly aggregates into amyloid-like fibers under physiological conditions. In this study, we examined the effects of protein concentration, pH and metals ions on the aggregation process of recombinant SEPT4-G using a series of biophysical techniques, which were also employed to study chemical unfolding and stability. Divalent metal ions caused significant acceleration to the rate of SEPT4-G aggregation. Urea induced unfolding was shown to proceed via the formation of a partially unfolded intermediate state which unfolds further at higher urea concentrations. The intermediate is a compact dimer which is unable to bind GTR At 1 M urea concentration, the intermediate state was plagued by irreversible aggregation at temperatures above 30 degrees C. However, higher urea concentration resulted in a marked decay of the aggregation, indicating that the partially folded structures may be necessary for the formation of these aggregates. The results presented here are consistent with the recently determined crystal structure of human septins and shed light on the aggregation properties of SEPT4 pertinent to its involvement in neurodegenerative disease. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Produção, isolamento e caracterização de 'beta'-galactosidades de Trichoderma reesei: interação de íons metálicos na atividade enzimática

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Preparation of a clay-modified carbon paste electrode based on 2-thiazoline-2-thiol-hexadecylammonium sorption for the sensitive determination of mercury

A montmorillonite from Wyoming-USA was used to prepare an organo-clay complex, named 2-thiazoline-2-thiol-hexadecyltrimethylammonium-clay (TZT-HDTA-clay), for the purpose of the selective adsorption of the heavy metals ions and possible use as a chemically modified carbon paste electrode (CMCPE). Adsorption isotherms of Hg 2+, Pb 2+, Cd 2+, Cu 2+, and Zn 2+ from aqueous solutions as a function of the pH were studied at 298 K. Conditions for quantitative retention and elution were established for each metal by batch and column methods. The organo-clay complex was very selective to Hg(II) in aqueous solution in which other metals and ions were also present. The accumulation voltammetry of Hg(II) was studied at a carbon paste electrode chemically modified with this material. The mercury response was evaluated with respect to the pH, electrode composition, preconcentration time, mercury concentration, cleaning solution, possible interferences and other variables. A carbon paste electrode modified by TZT-HDTA-clay showed two peaks: one cathodic peak at about 0.0 V and an anodic peak at 0.25 V, scanning the potential from -0.2 to 0.8 V (0.05 M KNO 3 vs. Ag/AgCl). The anodic peak at 0.25 V presents excellent selectivity for Hg(II) ions in the presence of foreign ions. The detection limit was estimated as 0.1 μg L -1. The precision of determination was satisfactory for the respective concentration level. 2005 © The Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry.

First- and second-row transition metal oxa-aza macrocyclic complexes: a DFT study of an octahedral conformation

A theoretical study of structures of the 1,7,1 l,17-tetraoxa-2,6,12,16-tetraaza-cycloeicosane ligand ([20]AneN(4)O(4)) coordinated to Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Ru2+, Rh2+, and Pd2+ transition metals ions was carried out with the DFT/B3LYP method. Complexes were fully optimized in C-s symmetry with the metal ions coordinated either to nitrogen (1a) or oxygen atoms (1b). For all the cases performed in this work, 1a was always more stable than 1b. Considering each row it is possible to see that the binding energy increases with the atomic number. The M2+ cation binding energies increase in the following order: Fe2+ < Ru2+ < Co2+ < Ni2+ < Rh2+ < Pd2+. In addition, it was observed the preference of Pd2+ and Rh2+ complexes for a tetrahedral arrangement, while Fe2+, Ru2+, Co2+, Ni2+ complexes had a preference for the octahedral arrangement. From the orbital representation results, it was seen that 1b unsymmetrical orbitals may influence the susceptibility over metal ions orientation toward heteroatoms orbitals.