998 resultados para Metais - Corte


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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Human evolution has always been linked to personal or group needs. This statement is based on observations of the day to day. With time, we can now choose from among many excellent techniques and materials that can be employed in the construction of this part of the machinery so important to the functionality of machines and equipment. When we look at a machine, we see that this is usually designed by combining a set of pre-determined in your project. Among the many pieces that we can highlight one of them is of fundamental importance, the gear. Gears are an example of the mechanical devices used by the older man, and are currently the most important components in the transmission technique. This is responsible for transmitting rotary motion from one shaft to another. Gears are one of the best among the various means available for the transmission of motion. Gears are the most important components of modern technique of transmission. The main purpose of a transmission gear is precisely transmit torque and speed. The requirements have increased significantly due to pollution and energy conservation. Nowadays, gear transmissions are required to transmit high strength through all his life together with the high demand on performance and sound properties. An optimal design for the gear you need a set of the most modern fabrication machines and cutting tools. In the following work is studied on the manufacture of gears, making the monitoring of a case study of the try out the installation of a gear grinding machine

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The aluminium alloys are used in many fields because of their versatility combined with the excellent aluminium’s properties, mentioned in the study. This study aims to compare the performance of polished Hard Metal, Hard Metal covered with TiB2 and High Speed Steel (HSS) tools, at the aluminium 2024 alloy’s turning, as a function of variation of some turning parameters such as: feed, depth of cut and cutting speed; and study the surface finish and the required power during turning by processing the output data, like analyze the chip’s features for each used tool. The results provide information of the tool’s material effects, when submitted to different turning conditions, about the output variable in question. In this way, it was possible to notice that although the Hard Metal covered with TiB2 tool has provided the better surface finish, the chip’s features were better when the turning was accomplished by the Polished Hard Metal tool. In relation to the required turning’s power, the lowest consumption occurred with the High Speed Steel tool

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O entendimento do processo de fabricação por usinagem passa pelo estudo de fenômenos de formação de cavaco, esforços de corte, qualidade superficial do material usinado, mecanismos de desgaste de ferramenta e a influência de parâmetros de corte e tipo de material usado sobre essas variáveis. Neste contexto, o objetivo principal deste trabalho é analisar os efeitos do desgaste de ferramenta sobre as forças de corte e a rugosidade dos componentes usinados. O procedimento adotado foi a realização de ensaios de usinabilidade de longa duração em torneamento cilíndrico externo, durante os quais foram medidos desgaste de flanco, força de corte, força de avanço e rugosidade média dos componentes usinados. Os ensaios foram realizados para os aços ABNT 1040 e 1045 usando ferramentas de metal duro com revestimento duplo (TiN-Al2O3). Os resultados de vida de ferramenta foram analisados através da equação de Taylor, com maiores vidas de ferramenta observadas para o aço ABNT 1040 em todas as velocidades de corte testadas. As demais variáveis medidas foram analisadas em função do tempo de usinagem, desgaste de flanco máximo e acabamento superficial No domínio do tempo, foram encontradas correlações fortes para o desgaste de flanco máximo, força de corte e força de avanço para ambos os materiais. A relação entre a rugosidade média e o tempo de corte observada foi mais “estável” para o aço ABNT 1040. Contudo, variações no comportamento da rugosidade média foram observadas na velocidade de corte inferior usada na usinagem do aço ABNT 1045, devido ao desgaste mais lento do raio de ponta de ferramenta. Não se observou relação entre as forças de usinagem e a rugosidade média. A relação entre a força de corte e o desgaste de flanco máximo apresentou forte correlação para ambos os materiais, assim como a relação entre a força de avanço e o desgaste de flanco máximo, sendo realizada regressão linear para ambas as relações. Foi observada fraca influência da velocidade de corte nas relações força-desgaste de flanco, o que sugere que uma única equação pode descrever estas relações para toda a faixa de condições de corte estudada. Os resultados da análise de regressão permitem a determinação do desgaste de flanco máximo em função da força de corte com um erro médio de 15% para os aços ABNT 1040 e 1045. Para a previsão do desgaste de flanco em função da força de avanço, o erro médio encontrado foi de 19% para o aço ABNT 1040 e 15% para o aço ABNT 1045.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Cutting fluids are lubricants used in metal-mechanical industries. Their complex composition varies according to the type of operation carried out, also depending on the metals under treatment or investigation. Due to the high amount of mineral oil produced in Northeastern Brazil, we have detected the need to better use this class of material. In this work, two novel formulations have been tested, both based on naphthenic mineral oil and additives, such as: an emulsifying agent (A), an anticorrosion agent (B), a biocide (C) and an antifoam agent (D). Each formulation was prepared by mixing the additives in the mineral oil at a 700-rpm stirring velocity for 10 min, at 25°C, employing a 24 factorial planning. The formulations were characterized by means of density, total acid number (TAN), viscosity, flash point and anticorrosion activity. In a subsequent study, oil-in-water emulsions were prepared from these novel formulations. The emulsions were analyzed in terms of stability, corrosion degree, percentage of foam formation, conductivity, accelerated stability and particle size. The samples were appropriately labeled, and, in special, two of them were selected for featuring emulsion properties which were closer to those of the standards chosen as references (commercial cutting oils). Investigations were undertaken on the ability of NaCl and CaCl2 to destabilize the emulsions, at concentrations of 2%, 5% and 10%, at an 800-rpm stirring velocity for 5 min and temperatures of 25º, 40º, 50º and 60ºC. The recovered oils were chemically altered by reincorporating the same additives used in the original formulations, followed by preparation of emulsions with the same concentrations as those of the initial ones. The purpose was to assess the possibility of reusing the recovered oil. The effluents generated during the emulsion destabilization step were characterized via turbidity index, contents of oil and grease, pH, and contents of anions and cations, observing compliance with the parameters established by the current environmental legislation (Brazil s CONAMA 357/05 resolution). It could be concluded that the formulations presented excellent physicochemical properties as compared to commercial cutting fluids, showing that the quality of the newly-prepared fluids is superior to that of the formulations available in the market, enabling technically and environmentally-safe applications

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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