Assigning metabolic equivalent (MET) values to the 2002 Census Occupational Classification System

Background: The Current Population Survey (CPS) and the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) use the 2002 census occupation system to classify workers into 509 separate occupations arranged into 22 major occupational categories. Methods: We describe the methods and rationale for assigning detailed MET estimates to occupations and present population estimates (comparing outputs generated by analysis of previously published summary MET estimates to the detailed MET estimates) of intensities of occupational activity using the 2003 ATUS data comprised of 20,720 respondents, 5,323 (2,917 males and 2,406 females) of whom reported working 6+ hours at their primary occupation on their assigned reporting day. Results: Analysis using the summary MET estimates resulted in 4% more workers in sedentary occupations, 6% more in light, 7% less in moderate, and 3% less in vigorous compared to using the detailed MET estimates. The detailed estimates are more sensitive to identifying individuals who do any occupational activity that is moderate or vigorous in intensity resulting in fewer workers in sedentary and light intensity occupations. Conclusions: Since CPS/ATUS regularly captures occupation data it will be possible to track prevalence of the different intensity levels of occupations. Updates will be required with inevitable adjustments to future occupational classification systems.

Estimation of the metabolic equivalent (MET) of an exercise protocol based on indirect calorimetry

Objective: This study aimed to determine the energy expenditure (EE) in terms of caloric cost and metabolic equivalents (METs) of two sessions of an exercise protocol. Methods: Fifteen subjects (51.0 ± 5.5years) performed the exercise sessions (80min), which were composed by (warming, walking and flexibility exercises; Session A) and (warming, walking and local muscular endurance exercises; Session B). Heart hate (HR) was measured during each part of the sessions. In laboratory environment, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and oxygen uptake in rest and exercise conditions (using mean HR obtained in classes) were measured on different days, using indirect calorimetry. Exercise METs were obtained by dividing VO2 in exercise (mL.kg-1.min-1) by VO2 in rest (mL.kg-1.min-1). The EE of the exercises was calculated by the formula: MET x Weight(kg) x Time(min)/60. The results were analyzed by ANOVA with Tuckey post hoc test (p < 0.05). Results: One MET for this group was 2.7 ± 0.1mL.kg-1.min-1. The mean METs of exercises were 4,7 ± 0,8 (warming), 5,8 ± 0,9 (walking) and 3,6 ± 0,7 (flexibility) on session A, and 4,6 ± 1,2 (warming), 5,6 ± 1,0 (walking) and 4.8 ± 1,0 (local muscular endurance exercises) on Session B. The training sessions showed similar energy cost (A: 398 ± 86.72 kcal and B: 404 ± 38.85 kcal; p > 0,05). None of activities were classified into vigorous intensity (> 7 METs). There were no differences on VO2 between walking (15,6 ± 2,8 or 15,4 ± 2,6 mL.kg-1.min-1) and local muscular endurance exercises (13,2 ± 2,9 mL.kg-1.min-1), although both were higher (p > 0.05) than flexibility exercises (10.1 ± 2.2 mL.kg-1.min-1). Conclusion: The proposed protocol achieves the physical activity needed by healthy adults to improve and maintain health, by their structure, moderate intensity, duration, frequency and caloric expenditure.

Age-related differences in exercise and quality of life among breast cancer survivors

Purpose: Physical activity has become a focus of cancer recovery research as it has the potential to reduce treatment-related burden and optimize health-related quality of life (HRQoL). However, the potential for physical activity to influence recovery may be age-dependent. This paper describes physical activity levels and HRQoL among younger and older women after surgery for breast cancer and explores the correlates of physical inactivity. Methods: A population-based sample of breast cancer patients diagnosed in South-East Queensland, Australia, (n=287) were assessed once every three months, from 6 to 18 months post-surgery. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast questionnaire (FACTB+4) and items from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) questionnaire were used to measure HRQoL and physical activity, respectively. Physical activity was assigned metabolic equivalent task (MET) values, and categorized as < 3, 3 to 17.9 and 18+ MET-hours/weeks. Descriptive statistics, generalized linear models with age stratification (<50 years versus 50+ years), and logistic regression were used for analyses (p=0.05, two-tailed). Results: Younger women who engaged in 3 or more MET-hours/week of physical activity reported a higher HRQoL at 18 months compared to their more sedentary counterparts (p<0.05). Older women reported similar HRQoL irrespective of activity level and consistently reported clinically higher HRQoL than younger women. Increasing age, being overweight or obese, and restricting use of the treated side at six months post-surgery increased the likelihood of sedentary behavior (OR>3, p<0.05). Conclusions: Age influences the potential to observe HRQoL benefits related to physical activity participation. These results also provide relevant information for the design of exercise interventions for breast cancer survivors and highlights that some groups of women are at greater risk of long-term sedentary behavior.

Relationship between physical activity and stiff or painful joints in mid-aged women and older women: a 3-year prospective study

This prospective study examined the association between physical activity and the incidence of self-reported stiff or painful joints (SPJ) among mid-age women and older women over a 3-year period. Data were collected from cohorts of mid-age (48–55 years at Time 1; n = 4,780) and older women (72–79 years at Time 1; n = 3,970) who completed mailed surveys 3 years apart for the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Physical activity was measured with the Active Australia questions and categorized based on metabolic equivalent value minutes per week: none (<40 MET.min/week); very low (40 to <300 MET.min/week); low (300 to <600 MET.min/week); moderate (600 to <1,200 MET.min/week); and high (1,200+ MET.min/week). Cohort-specific logistic regression models were used to examine the association between physical activity at Time 1 and SPJ 'sometimes or often' and separately 'often' at Time 2. Respondents reporting SPJ 'sometimes or often' at Time 1 were excluded from analysis. In univariate models, the odds of reporting SPJ 'sometimes or often' were lower for mid-age respondents reporting low (odds ratio (OR) = 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.63–0.94), moderate (OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.68–0.99), and high (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.62–0.90) physical activity levels and for older respondents who were moderately (OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.65–0.98) or highly active (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.69–0.99) than for those who were sedentary. After adjustment for confounders, these associations were no longer statistically significant. The odds of reporting SPJ 'often' were lower for mid-age respondents who were moderately active (OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.52–0.97) than for sedentary respondents in univariate but not adjusted models. Older women in the low (OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.55–0.96), moderate (OR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.39–0.76), and high (OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.46–0.82) physical activity categories had lower odds of reporting SPJ 'often' at Time 2 than their sedentary counterparts, even after adjustment for confounders. These results are the first to show a dose–response relationship between physical activity and arthritis symptoms in older women. They suggest that advice for older women not currently experiencing SPJ should routinely include counseling on the importance of physical activity for preventing the onset of these symptoms.

The tired foot. The effects of physical activity, energy expenditure and sleep on the diabetic foot population

Background The most common pathway to development of diabetes foot ulcers is repetitive daily activity stress on the plantar surface of the neuropathic foot. Studies suggest an association between different diabetic foot complications and physical activity. However, to the best of the authors knowledge the steps/day and sleep patterns of people with diabetic foot ulcers has yet to be investigated. This observational study aims to investigate the physical activity and sleep patterns of three groups of adults with type 2 diabetes and different foot complications Methods Participants with type 2 diabetes were recruited into three groups: 1. those with no reported foot complications (DNIL), 2. those with diagnosis of neuropathy (DPN) and 3. those with a neuropathic ulcer (DFU). Exclusion criteria included peripheral arterial disease and mobility aid use. Participants wore a SenseWear Pro 3 Armband continuously for 7 days and completed an Epworth Sleepiness Scale. The Armband is a validated automated measure of activity (walking steps, average Metabolic Equivalent Task (MET), physical activity (>3 METs) duration), energy expenditure(kJ) (total and physical activity (>3 METs)) and sleep (duration). Data on age, sex, BMI, diabetes duration and HbA1c were also collected. Results Sixty-Six (14 DNIL, 22 DPN and 30 DFU's participants were recruited; 71% males, mean age 61(±12) years, diabetes duration 13(±9) years, HbA1c 8.3(±2.8), BMI 32.6(±5.9), average METs 1.2(0.2). Significant differences were reported in mean(SD) steps/day (5,859(±2,381) in DNIL; 5,007(±3,349) in DPN and 3,271(±2,417) in DFU's and daily energy expenditure (10,868(±1,307)kJ in DNIL; 11,060(±1,916)kJ in DPN and 13,006(± 3,559) in DFU's(p <0.05). No significant differences were reported for average METs, physical activity duration or energy expenditure, sleep time or Epworth score (p>0.1). Conclusions Preliminary findings suggest people with diabetes are sedentary. Results indicate that patients with a diabetic foot ulcer work significantly less than those with neuropathy or nil complications and use significantly more energy to do so. Sleep Parameters showed no differences. Recruitment is still on going.

Chronic workplace stress and insufficient physical activity: a cohort study

Objectives To examine whether exposure to workplace stressors predicts changes in physical activity and the risk of insufficient physical activity.

Methods Prospective data from the Finnish Public Sector Study. Repeated exposure to low job control, high job demands, low effort, low rewards and compositions of these (job strain and effort-reward imbalance) were assessed at Time 1 (2000-2002) and Time 2 (2004). Insufficient physical activity (<14 metabolic equivalent task hours per week) was measured at Time 1 and Time 3 (2008). The effect of change in workplace stressors on change in physical activity was examined using fixed-effects (within-subject) logistic regression models (N=6665). In addition, logistic regression analysis was applied to examine the associations between repeated exposure to workplace stressors and insufficient physical activity (N=13 976). In these analyses, coworker assessed workplace stressor scores were used in addition to individual level scores.

Results The proportion of participants with insufficient physical activity was 24% at baseline and 26% at follow-up. 19% of the participants who were sufficiently active at baseline became insufficiently active at follow-up. In the fixed-effect analysis, an increase in workplace stress was weakly related to an increase in physical inactivity within an individual. In between-subjects analysis, employees with repeated exposure to low job control and low rewards were more likely to be insufficiently active at follow-up than those with no reports of these stressors; fully adjusted ORs ranged from 1.11 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.24) to 1.21 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.39).

Conclusions Workplace stress is associated with a slightly increased risk of physical inactivity.

Association of physical activity with future mental health in older, mid-life and younger women

Background: Mental ill-health, particularly depression and anxiety, is a leading and increasing cause of disability worldwide, especially for women.

Methods: We examined the prospective association between physical activity and symptoms of mental ill-health in younger, mid-life and older working women. Participants were 26 913 women from the ongoing cohort Finnish Public Sector Study with complete data at two phases, excluding those who screened positive for mental ill-health at baseline. Mental health was assessed using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire. Self-reported physical activity was expressed in metabolic equivalent task (MET) hours per week. Logistic regression models were used to analyse associations between physical activity levels and subsequent mental health.

Results: There was an inverse dose–response relationship between physical activity and future symptoms of mental ill-health. This association is consistent with a protective effect of physical activity and remained after adjustments for socio-demographic, work-related and lifestyle factors, health and body mass index. Furthermore, those mid-life and older women who reported increased physical activity by more than 2 MET hours per week demonstrated a reduced risk of later mental ill-health in comparison with those who did not increase physical activity. This protective effect of increased physical activity did not hold for younger women.

Conclusions: This study adds to the evidence for the protective effect of physical activity for later mental health in women. It also suggests that increasing physical activity levels may be beneficial in terms of mental health among mid-life and older women. The alleviation of menopausal symptoms may partly explain age effects but further research is required.

Physical activity, sedentary behaviour and fetal macrosomia in uncomplicated pregnancies: A prospective cohort study

Objective: to explore maternal energy balance, incorporating free living physical activity and sedentary behaviour, in uncomplicated pregnancies at risk of macrosomia.

Methods: a parallel-group cross-sectional analysis was conducted in healthy pregnant women predicted to deliver infants weighing Z4000 g (study group) or o4000 g (control group). Women were recruited in a 1:1 ratio from antenatal clinics in Northern Ireland. Women wore a SenseWears Body Media Pro3 physical activity armband and completed a food diary for four consecutive days in the third trimester. Physical activity was measured in Metabolic Equivalent of Tasks (METs) where 1 MET¼1 kcal per kilogram of body weight per hour. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was employed using the General Linear Model to adjust for potential confounders.

Findings: of the 112 women recruited, 100 complete datasets were available for analysis. There was no significant difference in energy balance between the two groups. Intensity of free living physical activity (average METs) of women predicted to deliver macrosomic infants (n¼50) was significantly lower than that of women in the control group (n¼50) (1.3 (0.2) METs (mean, standard deviation) versus 1.2 (0.2) METs; difference in means 0.1 METs (95% confidence interval: 0.19, 0.01); p¼0.021). Women predicted to deliver macrosomic infants also spent significantly more time in sedentary behaviour (r1 MET) than the control group (16.1 (2.8) hours versus 13.8 (4.3) hours; 2.0 hours (0.3, 3.7), p¼0.020).

Key conclusions and implications for practice: although there was no association between predicted fetal macrosomia and energy balance, those women predicted to deliver a macrosomic infant exhibited increased sedentary behaviour and reduced physical activity in the third trimester of pregnancy. Professionals caring for women during pregnancy have an important role in promoting and supporting more active lifestyles amongst women who are predicted to deliver a macrosomic infant given the known associated risks.

Determinants of left ventricular mass as measured by Doppler echocardiography in pre-adolescents

This study examined factors contributing to the differences in left ventricular mass as measured by Doppler echocardiography in children. Fourteen boys (10.3 ± 0.3 years of age) and 1 1 girls (10.5 ± 0.4 years of age) participated in the study. Height and weight were measured, and relative body fat was determined from the measurement of skinfold thickness according to Slaughter et al. (1988). Lean Body Mass was then calculated by subtracting the fat mass from the total body mass. Sexual maturation was self-assessed using the stages of sexual maturation by Tanner (1962). Both pubic hair development and genital (penis or breast for boys and girls respectively) development were used to determine sexual maturation. Carotid Pulse pressure was assessed by applanation tomometry in the left carotid artery. Cardiac mass was measured by Doppler Echocardiography. Images of cardiac structures were taken using B-Mode and were then translated to M- Mode. The dimensions at the end diastole were obtained at the onset of the QRS complex of the electrocardiogram in a plane through a standard position. Measurements included: (a) the diameter of the left ventricle at the end diastole was measured from the septum edge to the endocardium mean border, (b) the posterior wall was measured as the distance from to anterior wall to the epicardium surface, and (c) the interventricular septum was quantified as the distance from the surface of the left ventricle border to the right ventricle septum surface. Systolic time measurements were taken at the peak of the T-wave of the electrocardiogram. Each measurement was taken three to five times before averaging. Average values were used to calculate cardiac mass using the following equation (Deveraux et al. 1986). Weekly physical activity metabolic equivalent was calculated using a standardize activity questionnaire (Godin and Shepard, 1985) and peakV02 was measured on a cycloergometer. There were no significant differences in cardiovascular mesurements between boys and girls. Left ventricular mass was correlated (p<0.05) with size, maturation, peakV02 and physical activity metabolic equivalent. In boys, lean body mass alone explained 36% of the variance in left ventricular mass while weight was the single strongest predictor of left ventricular mass (R =0.80) in girls. Lean body mass, genital developemnt and physical activity metabolic equivalent together explained 46% and 81% in boys and girls, respectively. However, the combination of lean body mass, genital development and peakV02 (ml kgLBM^ min"') explained up to 84% of the variance in left ventricular mass in girls, but added nothing in boys. It is concluded that left ventricular mass was not statistically different between pre-adolescent boys and girls suggesting that hormonal, and therefore, body size changes in adolescence have a main effect on cardiac development and its final outcome. Although body size parameters were the strongest correlates of left ventricular mass in this pre-adolescent group of children, to our knowledge, this is the first study to report that sexual maturation, as well as physical activity and fitness, are also strong associated with left ventricular mass in pre-adolescents, especially young females. Arterial variables, such as systolic blood pressure and carotid pulse pressure, are not strong determinants of left ventricular mass in this pre-adolescent group. In general, these data suggest that although there is no gender differences in the absolute values of left ventricular mass, as children grow, the factors that determine cardiac mass differ between the genders, even in the same pre-adolescent age.

Mode de vie, habitudes alimentaires et cancer du sein: Étude cas-témoins chez les Canadiennes-françaises non porteuses de mutations des gènes BRCA

Le cancer du sein (CS) est la deuxième cause de décès liés au cancer parmi les femmes dans la plupart des pays industrialisés. Les personnes qui ont le CS peuvent ne pas hériter des mutations causant le cancer de leurs parents. Ainsi, certaines cellules subissent des mutations qui mènent au cancer. Dans le cas de cancer héréditaire, les cellules tumorales contiennent généralement des mutations qui ne sont pas trouvées ailleurs dans l'organisme, mais peuvent maintenir des mutations qui vont répartir dans toutes les cellules. La genèse du CS est le résultat des mutations de gènes qui assurent la régulation de la prolifération cellulaire et la réparation de l’ADN. Deux gènes semblent particulièrement concernés par les mutations. Les gènes ‘Breast Cancer 1’ (BRCA1) et ‘Breast Cancer 2’ (BRCA2), sont impliqués dans la prédisposition génétique de CS. On estime que 5-10% des cas de cancer du sein sont attribuables à une prédisposition génétique. La plupart de ces cancers sont liés à une anomalie du gène BRCA1 ou BRCA2. Plusieurs études ont été menées chez les femmes atteintes de CS sporadique et quelques études se sont concentrées sur celles qui sont porteuses de mutations de BRCA. Alors, notre recherche a été entreprise afin de vérifier l’hypothèse d’une association entre le CS, le mode vie et les habitudes alimentaires chez les Canadiennes-françaises non porteuses des 6 mutations de BRCA les plus fréquentes parmi cette population. Nous avons mené une étude cas-témoins dans cette population. Quelque 280 femmes atteintes du cancer du sein et non-porteuses de mutations de BRCA, ont été recrutées en tant que cas. Les témoins étaient recrutés parmi les membres de la famille des cas (n=15) ou à partir d'autres familles atteintes de CS (n=265). Les participantes étaient de tous âges, recrutées à partir d’une étude de cohorte qui est actuellement en cours, menée par une équipe de chercheurs au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montréal (CHUM) Hôtel-Dieu à Montréal. Les apports alimentaires ont été recueillis par un questionnaire de fréquence semi-quantitatif validé et administré par une nutritionniste, qui portait sur la période avant les deux ans précédant le premier diagnostic de CS pour les cas et la période avant les deux ans précédant l’entrevue téléphonique pour les témoins. Un questionnaire de base était administré par l’infirmière de recherche aux participantes afin de colliger des renseignements sociodémographiques et sur les facteurs de risque du CS. Une association positive et significative a été détectée entre l’âge (plus de 50 ans) auquel les sujets avaient atteint leur Indice de Masse Corporel (IMC) le plus élevé et le CS rapport de cotes (OR) =2,83; intervalle de confiance à 95% (IC95%) (2,34-2,91). De plus, une association positive a été détectée entre un gain de poids de >34 lbs comparativement à un gain de poids de ≤15 lbs, dès l’âge de 20 ans OR=1,68; IC95% (1,10-2,58). Un gain de poids de >24 lbs comparativement à un gain de poids de ≤9 lbs, dès l’âge de 30 ans a aussi montré une augmentation de risque de CS OR=1,96; IC95% (1,46-3,06). Une association positive a aussi été détecté entre, un gain de poids de >12 lbs comparativement à un gain de poids de ≤1 lb, dès l’âge de 40 ans OR=1,91; IC95% (1,53-2,66). Concernant le tabagisme, nous avons observé une association positive et significative reliée à la consommation de plus de 9 paquets-années OR = 1,59; IC95% (1,57-2,87). Il fut suggéré que l’activité physique modéré confère une protection contre le CS: une pratique de > 24,8 (‘metabolic equivalent’) MET-hrs par semaine par rapport à ≤10,7 MET-hrs par semaine, diminue le risque du CS de 52% OR = 0,48 ; IC95% (0,31-0,74). L’activité physique totale (entre 16,2 et 33,2 MET-hrs par semaine), a aussi montré une réduction de risque de CS de 43% OR = 0,57 ; IC95% (0,37-0,87). Toutefois, il n'y avait aucune association entre une activité physique vigoureuse et le risque de CS. L’analyse portant sur les macro- et micro-nutriments et les groupes alimentaires a montré qu’un apport en énergie totale de plus de 2057 Kcal par jour augmentait le risque de CS de 2,5 fois OR = 2,54; IC95% (1,67-3,84). En ce qui concerne la consommation de café, les participantes qui buvaient plus de 8 tasses de café par jour avaient un risque de CS augmenté de 40% OR = 1,40; IC95% (1,09-2,24). Les sujets ayant une consommation dépassant 9 g d’alcool (éthanol) par jour avaient également un risque élevé de 55% OR = 1,55; IC95% (1,02-2,37). De plus, une association positive et significative a été détectée entre le CS et la consommation de plus de deux bouteilles de bière par semaine OR = 1,34; IC95% (1,28-2,11), 10 onces de vin par semaine OR = 1,16; IC95% (1,08-2,58) ou 6 onces de spiritueux par semaine OR = 1,09; IC95% (1,02-2,08), respectivement. En résumé, les résultats de cette recherche supportent l’hypothèse selon laquelle le mode de vie et les habitudes alimentaires jouent un rôle important dans l’étiologie de CS chez les Canadiennes-françaises non porteuses de mutations de BRCA. Les résultats nous permettent de constater que le gain de poids et le tabagisme sont liés à des risques élevés de CS, tandis que l'activité physique modérée aide à réduire ce risque. De plus, nos résultats suggèrent qu’un apport énergétique total relativement élevé et une consommation élevée de café et d'alcool peuvent accroître le risque de ce cancer. Ce travail a permis de mettre l’accent sur une nouvelle direction de recherche, jusqu'à présent non investiguée. Les résultats de ce travail de recherche pourraient contribuer à recueillir de nouvelles informations et des conseils pouvant influencer et aider la population à modifier son mode de vie et ses habitudes alimentaires afin de diminuer le risque de cancer du sein.

O efeito de um programa de exercício físico na capacidade funcional, nos fatores de risco de progressão da doença coronária e na qualidade de vida em doentes cardíacos

Considerando que a prática de exercício físico com uma intensidade pelo menos moderada melhora a capacidade funcional (Maines et al., 1997; Clara et al., 2002; Olney et al., 2006), a qualidade de vida (Leal et al., 2005; Azevedo & Leal, 2009; Flynn et al., 2009) e diminui os fatores de risco coronários (Maines et al., 1997; Squires & Hamm, 2007; Perk, 2009; Pimenta, 2010), propõe-se com o presente estudo analisar o efeito do exercício físico supervisionado, em fase ambulatório precoce, realizada na comunidade, ao nível da recuperação de doentes cardíacos. Método: Aplicar-se-á um estudo experimental, em doentes cardíacos de ambos os sexos, entre os 28 e os 80 anos. Atribuir-se-á particular ênfase às alterações induzidas pela aplicação do programa de exercício físico nos parâmetros bioquímicos (colesterol total, C-LDL, C-HDL, triglicéridos e glicose), na composição corporal (peso, índice de massa corporal, perímetro da cintura), na capacidade funcional (consumo de oxigénio pico –V02 pico, equivalente metabólico, duplo produto), no nível de atividade física, na ingestão alimentar e na qualidade de vida. O estudo terá uma duração superior a três meses, comparando dois grupos, um grupo submetido ao exercício físico supervisionado (ES) e outro aos cuidados usuais (CU), os quais serão alvo de duas avaliações (inicial e final), avaliando-se a média e o desvio-padrão para todas as variáveis em estudo e recorrendo-se aos testes não paramétricos e paramétricos, para um nível de significância de p< .05. Resultados: Foram elegidos 52 doentes, sendo que 22 participaram no grupo cuidados usuais (CU) e 30 no grupo exercício físico supervisionado (ES), observando-se que o grupo ES apresentou melhorias mais acentuadas quando comparadas com o grupo CU, ao nível dos seguintes indicadores: dispêndio de kcal/semana (+697.22% vs +320.20%); PC (-3.19% vs +5.85%); CT (-23.92% vs -9.29%), C-LDL (-32.52% vs -8.92%); total de kcal/dia ingeridas (-33,31% vs -2.58%); VO2 pico (+30.88% vs -3.57%); qualidade de vida geral (+53.86% vs +2.96%). Conclusão: Concluindo que o exercício físico multicomponente, inserido na fase de ambulatório precoce na comunidade, potencia a recuperação de doentes cardíacos influenciando positivamente os fatores de risco de progressão da doença coronária, a capacidade funcional e a qualidade de vida fundamentais para que o doente possa, pelos seus próprios meios, retomar a sua vida na comunidade.

Limitações da utilização do equivalente metabólico (MET) para estimativa do gasto energético em atividades físicas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Custo energético durante a prática do Kendō e proposição de protocolo específico para avaliação da aptidão aeróbia em praticantes

Pós-graduação em Desenvolvimento Humano e Tecnologias - IBRC