Performance of Pinus elliottii, Pinus caribaea, their F-1, F-2 and backcross hybrids and Pinus taeda to 10 years in the Mesopotamia region, Argentina

Performances of Pinus taxa were studied to 10 years of age in two trials in each of Misiones and Entre Rios provinces across the Mesopotamia region of Argentina. Taxa comprised 22 populations from sources in Argentina, Australia, Brazil and Zimbabwe including Pinus elliottii var. elliottii (Pee), Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis (Pch), their four, inter-specific hybrids (F-1, F-2 and backcrosses from F-1 to Pch and to Pee-all as broadly based bulks); other Pee and Pinus taeda (Pt) comprised narrower or unspecified bulks. Variable numbers of taxa were missing at each site. Mean survival across sites at age 10 years ranged 53.2-91.3% averaging 74.2%. Analysis of variance of plot means indicated population effect was statistically significant (p < 0.05) for all or most growth and quality traits at all sites. However, significant differences from the nominated check seedlot at the Entre Rios sites (Pee, Australia) were extremely rare, while quite common at the northern, Misiones sites (check seedlot a Pt population). In the Misiones trials, F-1, F-2 and both backcross hybrids showed better stem straightness than Pee and Pt from Argentina, generally with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). Pt showed lowest forking scores (desirable). Taxon x environment interaction was statistically significant (p < 0.01) for growth traits only (p > 0.05). However, this interaction contributed an average of only 34.1% of the taxon variance suggesting a lack of practical importance. Taxa most suitable for deployment in the Mesopotamia region, Argentina are suggested.

Determinación del potencial alelopático de cultivares de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) más frecuentemente empleados en la Mesopotamia

El arroz (Oryza sativa L.) es una especie cultivada en todo el mundo y las malezas constituyen uno de los principales factores que afectan su producción. El conocimiento del potencial alelopático de los diferentes cultivares regionales resulta fundamental en términos de posibles estrategias para el control de las mismas. Se evaluó el potencial alelopático en cultivares de arroz utilizados en la Mesopotamia argentina frente a Echinochloa crus galli L. A través de boiensayos RST (Relay Seeding Technique) se determinó que los cultivares El Paso 144 (EP) y Bluebonnet 50 (BB) presentaron mayor bioactividad que Cambá, Yeruá, Irga 147 y Supremo 13. Los posibles aleloquímicos relacionados al potencial inhibitorio fueron evaluados en las raíces de los dos cultivares fuertemente activos (EP) y (BB) y el menos bioactivo (Supremo 13). Mediante técnicas cromatográficas (CG y CLAR) y espectroscópicas (RMN 1H y 13C y EM) se determinó la presencia de hidrocarburos, aldehídos, cetonas, ácidos carboxílicos y sus ésteres metílicos en los extractos no polares. Los cultivares alelopáticos (BB y EP) presentaron mayor proporción de compuestos oxigenados que el no alelopático (Supremo 13). Se informa por primera vez la cetona 6,10,14-trimetil-2-pentadecanona en un cultivar de arroz alelopático. Todos los cultivares de arroz produjeron los ácidos cafeico, vanilico, siríngico, ferúlico y p-cumárico, siendo la concentración de este último mayor en los alelopáticos. En los extractos metanólicos de los cultivares alelopáticos se determinó la presencia del 3-O-? -D-glucopiranósido de sitosterol y de las momilactonas A y B que fueron caracterizadas por técnicas espectroscópicas. Estos resultados son los primeros en relació n al cultivo de arroz en Argentina y tienen utilidad potencial en el control de malezas, en términos del manejo sustentable de los agroecosistemas arroceros.

Matemáticas y astronomía en Mesopotamia.

Artículo que hace un recorrido por las matemáticas que se desarrollaron en Mesopotamia. Se hace una aproximación al sistema de numeración de base sexagesimal. También se hace énfasis en las relaciones trigonométricas y cálculos de triángulos y trapecios, entre otros aspectos matemáticos. Finalmente se exponen los diferentes conceptos relacionados con la astronomía que se desarrollaron en los diferentes imperios que dominaron Mesopotamia como son el babilónico antiguo, el neoasirio y el neobabilónico.

The British Museum timeline of the ancient world : Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, Rome.

Basándose en la colección de antigüedades del Museo Británico, esta obra de referencia abarca el período comprendido desde los primeros asentamientos neolíticos hasta el final del Imperio Romano. En catorce páginas se describen los acontecimientos de manera cronológica y permiten comparar la evolución de las cuatro culturas Egipto, Mesopotamia, Grecia y Roma de una sola mirada. El cronograma está acompañado de treinta y dos páginas que ahonda en los antecedentes de las cuatro principales culturas. Cuenta con artículos ilustrados sobre las personas más importantes, lugares, objetos y acontecimientos.

Re-thinking Middle Eastern democracy : lessons from ancient Mesopotamia

The issue of Middle Eastern democracy has long inspired lively academic debate and research from across the ideological and political spectrum. Despite their differences, much of this work measures the successes and failures of Middle Eastern democracy against the Western model, with its antecedents in the political machinations found in Athens during the 5th century B.C. However, there is growing evidence to suggest that the history of democracy began on the other side of the Occidental/Oriental line and can be traced as far back as the early Mesopotamian myths of Enuma Elish, through to the grand empires of the Babylonians, Assyrians, Egyptians and Phoenicians. In the interest of fostering a liberal, democratic and egalitarian Middle East, this paper concludes by suggesting that one strategy for re-thinking the Middle East’s democratisation is to engage the powerful discourses of the Middle East’s ancient, and democratic, past.

The politics of ancient Mesopotamia

Conventional wisdom asserts that the empires of ancient Mesopotamia were ruled by blood-thirsty tyrants with a penchant for megalomania and a lust for power.

However, archaeological work conducted during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries has begun to unearth a more sophisticated political landscape. Many of the empires of ancient Mesopotamia can be seen to have practised forms of governance remarkably similar to the democratic systems employed by the Greeks many centuries later.

This lecture will examine the democratic tendencies of various Mesopotamian empires and trace their influence on later Grecian developments.

The politics of Ancient Mesopotamia : prelude to democracy?

Conventional wisdom asserts that the empires of ancient Mesopotamia were ruled by blood-thirsty tyrants with a penchant for megalomania and a lust for power.
However, archaeological work conducted during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries has begun to unearth a more sophisticated political landscape. Many of the empires of ancient Mesopotamia can in fact be seen to have practised forms of governance remarkably similar to the democratic systems employed by the Greeks many centuries later.
This lecture will examine the democratic tendencies of various Mesopotamian empires and trace their influence on later Grecian developments.

Anchor Areas to Improve Conservation and Increase Connectivity within the Brazilian "Mesopotamia of Biodiversity"

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)