Maintenance of communication in primary classrooms : some evidence for the role of elicitation and code-switching in English medium schools in Kenya, with implications for teaching

This is a study of specific aspects of classroom interaction primary school level in Kenya. The study entailed the identification of the sources of particular communication problems during the change-over period from Kiswahili to English medium teaching in two primary schools. There was subsequently an examination of the language resources which were employed by teachers to maintain pupil participation in communication in the light of the occurrence of possibility of occurrence of specific communication problems. The language resources which were found to be significant in this regard concerned firstly the use of different elicitation types by teachers to stimulate pupils into giving responses and secondly teachers' recourse to code-switching from English to Kiswahili and vice-versa. It was also found in this study that although the use of English as the medium of instruction in the classrooms which were observed resulted in certain communication problems, some of these problems need not have arisen if teachers had been more careful in their use of language. The consideration of this finding, after taking into account the role of different elicitation types and code-switching as interpretable from data samples had certain implications which are specified in the study for teaching in Kenyan primary schools. The corpus for the study consisted of audio-recordings of English, Science and Number-Work lessons which were later transcribed. Relevant data samples were subsequently extracted from transcripts for analysis. Many of the samples have examples of cases of communication breakdowns, but they also illustrate how teachers maintained interaction with pupils who had yet to acquire an operational mastery of English. This study thus differs from most studies on classroom interaction because of its basic concern with the examination of the resources available to teachers for overcoming the problem areas of classroom communication.

O ensino do handebol na 1ª serie do ensino medio em escolas publicas de Catalão, Goias

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

A Informática como recurso didático para a aprendizagem de Física no ensino médio

The accomplishment of this work was motivated by our concerns, while teacher of Physics discipline, in the medium teaching and in the higher education, where we have been observing a lot of difficulties in the students' acting, to the they try to give pursuit out to their studies of the classroom, because of the lack of appropriate equipments, or even, of a laboratory where they can put in practice the studied contents. The work aims at to build and to test an educational software that it serves as tool auxiliadora in Physics learning in the Medium Teaching, in the area of electricity, with emphasis in the study of the electrodynamic in resistors. The developed software comes as an alternative to the learning problems, putting the computer science as auxiliary tool, because, besides being an alternative in the middle of the technological expansion, endowed with several resources, it stimulates the significant learning, according to David Ausubel's perspective. A software containing a program destined to the applicability of physics contents in the branch of the electricity is presented as an auxiliary tool, where the student can, not just, to review the contents presented at room, as well as for in practice, through a virtual laboratory, some of these contents, besides testing their knowledge through a bank of discursive subjects. The evaluation of the developed software was made submitting him/it to the professionals' of physics area appreciation. Equally, through continuous evaluations, they were made comparisons among the students' of five different groups acting, in the same school, that you/they were used of the program as tool of his auxiliary learning, and the acting of those that didn't use it

Pré-fabricados lingüísticos: estrutura e funcionamento de sintagmas verbais idiomatizados - por uma abordagem cognitivo-funcional em sala de aula

This work aims at under the cognitive-functional perspective describing, inside the vast domain of the linguistic prefabs, the structure and the functioning of the Idiomatic Verb Phrases (SVIs), produced by speakers of the Portuguese from Brazil, located in Natal (RN). From the functionalist presupposition that the language is used essentially to assist to communicative demands, it is observed that its morphologic-syntactic structure is conditioned to the inherent pragmatic vicissitudes to the verbal interaction of subjects, socially heterogeneous and historically established. It is focalized, in the composition of SVIs, the relationships VT + OD (transitive verb + direct object), characterizing the syntactic-semantic nature of the verb and of the respective verbal complement. Those verb combinations + complement can be interpreted as lexical structures, reflexes of the idiomaticity inherent to conventional constructions already systematized in the users' of the language cultural repertoire. It is sought, still, to glimpse the cognitive and discursive motivations pertinent to that linguistic phenomenon. In the investigative process, are analyzed exclusive data of speech collected in Corpus Discurso & Gramática a lingua falada e escrita na cidade do Natal, organized by Furtado da Cunha (1998). The adopted methodological procedures configure as methods of empiric analysis and use of the intuition, being emphasized the qualitative approach (explanatory) of the data with quantitative support of statistical indicators. It shows, finally, a grating of didactic suggestions on SVIs, for Portuguese's classes, as subsidies to the educational practice in the Medium Teaching and in the course of Letters.

A construção coletiva interdisciplinar em educação ambiental no ensino médio: a microbacia hidrográfica do Ribeirão dos Peixes como tema gerador

O Ribeirão dos Peixes é o principal corpo de água do município de Dois Córregos (SP), e as conseqüências das atividades antrópicas no local exigem urgentes providências para a recuperação do sistema. Considerando que as bacias hidrográficas representam uma temática bastante adequada para um programa de Educação Ambiental e, ainda, as dificuldades/necessidades apresentadas, pelos professores, para o desenvolvimento de práticas que estimulem a conscientização dos alunos com respeito às questões ambientais, o presente estudo visou à formação interdisciplinar de educadores que atuavam no terceiro ano do ensino médio de uma escola estadual, no sentido de possibilitar que trabalhassem posteriormente com seus alunos a dimensão ambiental da microbacia hidrográfica do Ribeirão dos Peixes. Uma investigação inicial sobre as práticas pedagógicas dos professores em relação à abordagem do tema e à Educação Ambiental forneceu subsídios para que este trabalho fosse conduzido, por meio da Pesquisa-ação-participativa e complementada pelo Ensino por pesquisa.

Aspectos psicossociais da gravidez na adolescência: relatos de mães adolescentes

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Modelagem matemática no processo ensino-aprendizagem do cálculo diferencial e integral para o ensino médio

Pós-graduação em Educação Matemática - IGCE

Imagem: para quê e para quem? Elemento da realidade presente no conhecimento geográfico e identificado em diferentes tipos de texto

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Produção de material didático para o ensino de solos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O novo ensino médio e o exercício da cidadania: controvérsias e desafios

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

Um enfoque sócio-histórico do processo de ensino e de aprendizagem do conceito de energia mecânica

Este estudo procurou identificar nas explicações construídas nas interações em sala de aula, elementos que indicassem a forma pela qual os estudantes constroem o conceito de energia mecância e suas formas, na ótica da Teoria Sócio-Histórica, observando também se o processo de ensino e de aprendizagem proporcionaram evolução nas idéias dos estudantes. As informações fornecidas pelos estudantes no pré-teste foram organizadas em categorias e comparadas após o processo de ensino e de aprendizagem, com aquelas do pós-teste. O processo de ensino e de aprendizagem ocorreu em uma sala nas aulas de Física de 1ª série do ensino médio, com 35 estudantes. A análise foi realizada através de uma aula gravada em fita vídeo-cassete tendo como critério de seleção dos episódios a forma como cada grupo construiu a resposta para a questão: em que tipo de energia, a energia mecânica associada à esfera no ponto A de um plano inclinado, se transforma ao chegar no ponto B do mesmo. Uma análise microgenética das interações e a produção de significados ocorridos em sala da aula foram avaliadas, procurando-se evidenciar; as intenções do professor, o conteúdo do discurso, a abordagem comunicativa, os padrões de interação e as formas de intervenções do professor, de acordo com as categorias propostas por Mortimer e Scott (2002). Esta análise evidenciou a importância das interações na construção do conhecimento, em que o professor utilizou abordagens comunicativas do tipo interativa dialógica e interativa de autoridade. Os padrões de interações gerados foram, em alguns momentos, do tipo I - R - A, em outros momentos, do tipo I - R - F - R..., ou ainda, do tipo I - R - P - R ....a intenções do professor durante as suas intervenções foram voltadas para explorar a visão e entendimento dos estudantes acerca de idéias ou fenômenos específicos, para introduzir ou desenvolver a história científica, para guiar e manter a narrativa dos estudantes rumo à construção desta história. As formas das intervenções pedagógicas do professor viariaram entre dar forma aos significados atribuídos em situações específicas, ou ainda, marcar significados chaves, importantes para a construção da explicação que estava sendo buscada, bem como, rever o progresso da história científica. As interações entre o professor e os estudantes construíssem, para a situação em questão, explicações dirigidas pela teoria, pois, tais explicações, ocorreram sempre apoiadas em um modelo teórico que dava sustentação às suas elaborações. Na comparação dos resultados do pré e do pós-testes evidenciou-se que, dos vinte e nove (29) estudantes que participaram do pré e do pós-teste, vinte (20) demonstraram evolução na forma de pensamento e apenas nove (09) permaneceram na mesma categoria em que foram classificados no pré-teste. Destes, um (01) estudante demonstrou, no pré-teste, a forma de pensamento da categoria C5, que corresponde a um pensamento mais elaborado acerca do tema energia mecânica e suas formas.

O ensino médio no Brasil: trajetória e perspectivas de uma organização politécnica entre educação e trabalho

The objective of this article is to present an abbreviation analysis and interpretation of the path of the medium teaching in Brazil, from where the idea of the relationship emerges between education and work, among theory and practice, and its organization in the molds of the polytechnical education, this last one that had guided the preliminary proposal for the medium teaching presented by Dermeval Saviani, in 1988. In that sense, subjects were approached on education and work. Finally, they were made brief considerations on the theme in the educational context for besides the capital

English as a medium of instruction in teaching other languages: attitudes and practices

Internationalisation of HE and emergence of English as a global academic lingua franca used by people who share neither a common native tongue nor cultural and educational background have not only offered more opportunities but also raised challenges. According to recent European surveys, the percentage of pupils attaining the level of independent user in English varies from 14% to 82%, which evidences the potential and the complexity for English as a medium of instruction at tertiary level. This study aims to present the model of foreign language instruction at Vytautas Magnus University where one third of 30 languages are taught through English. It investigates the attitudes and practices of teachers in delivering their English-medium language courses by discussing the questions whether teaching other languages through English is psychologically, culturally and educationally preferable for teachers and students, whether it can limit the content taught and require a special methodology, how the teaching process changes with multiple languages used in the classroom and what level of English is necessary for teachers and students to ensure high quality of English-medium language teaching. The study is based on qualitative methodology with 12 language teachers participating as respondents. The results reveal areas in need of improvement.

Data analysis applied to the evaluation of a technological nature teaching model as a regional development tool

This paper presents the creation and development of technological schools directly linked to the business community and to higher public education. Establishing themselves as the key interface between the two sectors they make a signigicant contribution by having a greater competitive edge when faced with increasing competition in the tradional markets. The development of new business strategies supported by references of excellence, quality and competitiveness also provides a good link between the estalishment of partnerships aiming at the qualification of education boards at a medium level between the technological school and higher education with a technological foundation. We present a case study as an example depicting the success of Escola Tecnológica de Vale de Cambra.

Contrast ultrasound: a simple-to-use phase-shifting medium offers saline infusion sonography-like images.

OBJECTIVE: To test the ability of a novel phase-shifting medium (PSM) to provide sustained distension of the uterine cavity and produce saline infusion sonography (SIS)-like images in a simplified contrast ultrasound procedure. DESIGN: Prospective pilot feasibility trial of a new diagnostic procedure, contrast ultrasound. SETTING: Clinical reproductive endocrine and infertility unit of regional teaching hospital. PATIENT(S): Twenty-six asymptomatic infertile women (group I) and 27 women presenting with dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) who were scheduled for exploratory surgery (group II). INTERVENTION(S): All women who were temporarily on oral contraceptive first had a regular pelvic ultrasound followed by the intrauterine instillation of up to 3 mL PSM, using a regular insemination catheter, after which all instruments were removed and a regular ultrasound was performed again. RESULT(S): In all 53 women, intrauterine instillation of 1-3 mL PSM resulted in a 3-7 mm uterine distension, sufficient to produce SIS-like images of the uterine cavity that lasted 7-10 min. Contrast ultrasound revealed an endometrial polyp in 3 asymptomatic women of group I. In group II. 12 of 14 women (86%) whose vaginal ultrasound were positive or dubious had positive findings with contrast ultrasound; 9 of 12 patients whose vaginal ultrasounds were negative also had positive contrast ultrasound findings. All the positive and negative findings of contrast ultrasound made in group II were confirmed anatomically (sensitivity and specificity of 100%), whereas the correlation for standard vaginal ultrasound was markedly lower at 57.1% and 85.7%, respectively. Most patients (46 of 53) reported no discomfort during or after the procedure, and 7 women described the procedure as mildly uncomfortable. CONCLUSION(S): Contrast ultrasound, a novel simple diagnostic procedure conducted after intrauterine instillation of 1-3 mL PSM using a simple plastic catheter, delivered SIS-quality images in asymptomatic (group I) and symptomatic (group II) patients while retaining the simplicity of standard ultrasound. We therefore foresee broad application of contrast ultrasound for sensitive and specific assessment for uterine pathologies in the physician's office.