Clustering Of Water Bodies In Unpolluted And Polluted Environments Based On Escherichia Coli Phylogroup Abundance Using A Simple Interaction Database.

Different types of water bodies, including lakes, streams, and coastal marine waters, are often susceptible to fecal contamination from a range of point and nonpoint sources, and have been evaluated using fecal indicator microorganisms. The most commonly used fecal indicator is Escherichia coli, but traditional cultivation methods do not allow discrimination of the source of pollution. The use of triplex PCR offers an approach that is fast and inexpensive, and here enabled the identification of phylogroups. The phylogenetic distribution of E. coli subgroups isolated from water samples revealed higher frequencies of subgroups A1 and B23 in rivers impacted by human pollution sources, while subgroups D1 and D2 were associated with pristine sites, and subgroup B1 with domesticated animal sources, suggesting their use as a first screening for pollution source identification. A simple classification is also proposed based on phylogenetic subgroup distribution using the w-clique metric, enabling differentiation of polluted and unpolluted sites.

Variation of snail's abundance in two water bodies harboring strains of Pseudosuccinea columella resistant and susceptible to Fasciola hepatica miracidial infection, in Pinar del Río Province, Cuba

The abundance of freshwater snails in two rural sites of Pinar del Río, Cuba, which harbor Pseudosuccinea columella susceptible and resistant to miracidia of Fasciola hepatica was followed for one year. Susceptible snails were found in the most anthropic site (IPA) whereas the resistant population inhabited the most preserved one (El Azufre). Only two snail species coexisted with P. columella at IPA site (Physa cubensis and Tarebia granifera) while five species were found at El Azufre, including an endemic from that province (Hemisinus cubanianus). Populations of both resistant and susceptible snails showed stable densities throughout the year, although the susceptible strain attained higher abundance. The highest densities were observed in April-May 2004 for the susceptible population whereas the resistant strain attained its highest abundance in January 2004. No record of Fossaria cubensis was made and the thiarid T. granifera occurred only at low densities. One of the sampled sites (IPA) meets all the conditions for the first report of P. columella naturally infected with larvae of F. hepatica.

Second Welland Canal - Book 2, Survey Map 9 - Back Water Bodies in Thorold

Survey map of the Second Welland Canal created by the Welland Canal Company showing the Back Water bodies in Thorold Township. The surveyors' measurements and notes can be seen in red and black ink and pencil. A number of trees along the shores presumably used in the measurements are labelled. Local area landmarks are also identified and include streets and roads(ex. Road to Beaverdams), Shriner's Dwelling Home, a barn, and the Back Water bodies. Properties and property owners of note are: Lots 27, 28, and 29, W. Bouck, D. Shriner, and Rev. T. B. Fuller.

Fire Incidences, Water Bodies, and Population in Maine

http://digitalcommons.colby.edu/atlasofmaine2009/1021/thumbnail.jpg

Sugar cane vinasse in water bodies: Impact assessed by liver histopathology in tilapia

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effects of trophic levels (chlorophyll and phosphorous content) in three different water bodies (urban lake, reservoir and aquaculture facility) on gill morphology of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Histological and ultrastructural analyses of gills were observed in Nile tilapia collected from three different waterbodies in southeast Brazil: an urban lake in a park in the city of São Paulo, a reservoir in a rural city, and a commercial aquaculture facility. These aterbodies were analyzed and classified as hypereutrophic, eutrophic, and supereutrophic, respectively, with 310.00, 94.00, 28.00 of phosphate (PO2_ 4 lg L _1) and 65.49, 24.95, 12.83 of chlorophyll (lg L _1). A significant difference in the histological alterations index (HAI) was observed only in fish from the urban lake, with the presence of cell hypertrophy, hyperplasia, aneurism, and other alterations. When compared to the other groups, a large quantity of rodlet cells was also observed in the urban group. These results demonstrate the correlation of eutrophic states of water with gill morphology. Also discussed is the premise that large amounts of organic material dissolved in water can alter the morphology of the fish gills

Screening Swiss water bodies for potentially pathogenic free-living amoebae

Free-ling amoebae (FLA) including Acanthamoeba spp., Naegleria fowleri, Balamuthia mandrillaris and Sappinia pedata, can cause opportunistic infections leading to severe brain pathologies. Human infections with pathogenic FLA have been increasingly documented in many countries. In Switzerland, thus far, the occurrence and distribution of potentially pathogenic FLA has not been investigated. Swiss water biotopes, including swimming pools, lakes, rivers and ponds, have now been screened for the presence of FLA, and assessment of their pathogenicity potential for a mammalian host has been undertaken. Thus, a total of 17 isolates were recovered by in vitro cultivation from these different aquatic sources. Characterization by sequence analysis of Acanthamoeba spp.-specific and 'FLA-specific PCR products amplified from 18s rDNA based on morphological traits, thermotolerance, and cytotoxicity towards murine fibroblasts yielded the following findings: Echinamoeba cf. exundans (3 isolates), Hartmannella spp. (3), Vannella spp. (4), Protacanthamoebica cf. bohemica (1), Acanthamoeba cf. castellanii (1) and Naegleria spp. (5). B. mandrillaris and N. fowleri did not range amongst these isolates. None of the isolates exhibited pronounced cytotoxicity and all failed to grow at 42 degrees C; therefore, they do not present any potential for CNS pathogenicity for humans.

(Table 2) Observations of anticyclonic lenses of Mediterranean water in the Central North Atlantic

Analyses of spatial structure of hydrophysical fields and its vertical evolution in the Northeast Atlantic in a layer from the surface down to 2-2.5 km are carried out based on results of measurements in a testing area (31°-36°N, 20°-26°W) southeast of the Azores in autumn 1993. A description of an anti-cyclonic lens (ACL) of Mediterranean water (MW), which was found in the eastern part of the testing area from data of sets of sequential surveys, is presented. Analysis of CTD and XBT measurements in an area west of the lens allows to conclude that despite some contraction of width of the Azores Current directed eastward (from 60-80 km to 50-60 km) its total eastward volume transport for a period of time from October to November does not vary much. It is shown that intermediate salinity maxima in the northern part of the testing area formed by advection of MW and meddy destruction weakens while intersecting the Azores frontal zone (AFZ) from north to south, displacing itself to larger depth, and increases in thickness. Analysis of data shows that the number of lenses observed within the selected area north of the AFZ is two times more than that observed south of it. North of the AFZ observed salinity maximum and local temperature maxima may be associated with accumulation of heat and salt because of the fact that the AFZ is not only a southern boundary of penetration of MW into the North Atlantic, but also is a "semitransparent" boundary for Mediterranean lenses.

(Table 3) Observations of Mediterranean water lenses in the Eastern North Atlantic

Spreading pattern and mesoscale structure of Mediterranean water outflow in the eastern North Atlantic are studied on the basis of historical hydrographical records. Effect of bottom topography on Mediterranean water distribution is revealed. It is shown that the Mediterranean water outflow is divided into two streams after leaving the Gulf of Cadiz. These are northwestern and southwestern ones; the former is more intensive and spreads in more regular and continuous way. West of the Tejo (Tagus) Plateau it splits into three branches; the most intense of them keeps continuity up to 14°W. The less intensive southwestern stream passes south of the Gettysburg Bank and splits into two branches immediately after the Gulf of Cadiz. From 11°W, this stream has lenticular, intermittent character. West of 14°-15°W all Mediterranean water branches are represented mainly by isolated salty patches. As a result of historical data analysis in the 32°-44°N, 8°-22°W area, 30 Mediterranean water lenses have been found; 12 of them had not been previously mentioned in publications. A table of main parameters of Mediterranean water lenses is presented. It includes data of 108 observations from 1911 to 1993.