Kaksi tietä huipulle. Media ja puoluejohtajuus Suomessa naisten noususta populismin aaltoon

Tässä väitöskirjassa tarkastellaan suomalaisen puoluejohtajuuden ja suuren puolueen johtajaksi nousun murroskautta 1980-luvun lopulta 2010-luvulle median ja politiikan vuorovaikutuksen näkökulmasta. Puolueiden johtaminen on myös Suomessa ollut miesten työtä, ja perinteisesti tehtävään on ollut yksi väylä: asettuminen ehdolle puheenjohtajavaalissa ja valituksi tulo puoluekokouksessa. Tarkastelujakson alkupuolella naisia oli Suomessa ensimmäistä kertaa ehdolla suurten puolueiden puheenjohtajavaaleissa. Kauden loppupuolella heitä myös valittiin tuohon tehtävään ja ensimmäiset naiset nousivat pääministeriksi. Tämä historiallinen murros päätti liki satavuotisen perinteen, jossa miehet ovat olleet Suomessa sekä suurten puolueiden että hallitustyön johtajia. Julkisessa keskustelussa kysymys tasa-arvosta jäi toissijaiseksi: naisia alettiin valita puoluejohtajiksi tilanteissa, joissa heidän valintansa nähtiin puolueille edulliseksi. Naisen valinta tulkittiin miehen valintaa merkittävämmäksi symboliseksi viestiksi, johon liitettiin ajatuksia uudistumisesta ja puolueen julkisuuskuvan parantamisesta. Merkille pantavaa on, että naisten ensimmäiset valinnat suurten puolueiden johtajiksi tapahtuivat vaiheessa, jossa puoluejohtajien valta-asema on vahvin kautta suomalaisen poliittisen historian. Tässä valossa näyttää siltä, että valta ei aina pakenekaan naisilta. Vaikka suomalainen yhteiskunta ja suomalaiset naiset ovat monessa mielessä olleet edelläkävijöitä tasa-arvon suhteen, politiikan johtopaikkoja tavoitelleet naiset ovat meilläkin kohdanneet kansainvälisessä tutkimuksessa naisten haasteeksi osoitettuja lasikattoja, pyöröovia ja liukkaita jyrkänteitä. Tutkittavan ajanjakson aikana konkretisoitui myös toinen mahdollinen, joskin poikkeuksellinen reitti suuren puolueen johtajaksi: pienen puolueen nouseminen suurten joukkoon eduskuntavaaleissa. Tämä vaihtoehto toteutui vuonna 2011 perussuomalaisten eduskuntavaalivoiton myötä. Perussuomalaisten nousu eduskunnan pienimmästä puolueesta kolmanneksi suurimmaksi mursi perinteisen kolmen suuren puolueen asetelman. Puolueen menestyksen seuraukset ovat olleet kauaskantoisemmat kuin ehkä ensin ajateltiin: perussuomalaisten vaalivoiton sosiaalidemokraateille, keskustalle, ja kokoomukselle aiheuttama järkytys heijastui myöhemmin myös niiden johtajavaihdoksiin ja -valintoihin. Sekä naisten läpimurrossa että populismin voittokulussa median rooli oli monisyisempi kuin siihen perinteisesti liitetty tiedon välittäjän ja valtaa pitävien toimia kriittisesti seuraavan neljännen valtiomahdin tehtävänkuva. Tutkittavalla jaksolla tiedotusvälineet tekivät onnistuneen intervention politiikan osapuoleksi. Toimittajat ottivat kantaa valintoihin ja ohjeistivat puolueita, ja puolueet taas mukauttivat näkyvyyden maksimoidakseen käytäntöjään median tarpeisiin. 1980-luvun lopulta 2010-luvulle ulottuvalla jaksolla suuren puolueen puoluejohtajaksi valikoitumisen kriteerit muuttuivat, samalla kun median merkitys johtajavalinnoissa ja myös puoluejohtajan käytännön työssä kasvoi. Mediasta tuli aiempaa konkreettisemmin johtajavalintojen ja valtakamppailun areena, ja siihen liittyvät näkökohdat nousivat myös keskeisiksi johtajan taitoja arvioitaessa. Kuka ehdokkaista toisi näkyvyyttä, ”pärjäisi” median paineissa ja vakuuttaisi äänestäjät? Vielä 1980- ja 1990-lukujen taitteessa johtajavalinnat olivat pitkälti puolueorganisaatioiden hallinnoimia prosesseja, joista lehdistö raportoi askeleen jäljessä kulkien. Viimeistään 2000-luvun ensimmäisellä vuosikymmenellä puolueet omaksuivat ajatuksen median hyödyllisyydestä. Tämän strategisen muutoksen myötä puolueet tulivat samalla luovuttaneeksi määriteltyvaltaa oman organisaationsa ulkopuolelle. Kokoomuksen vuoden 2014 johtajavaalissa silmiinpistävää oli pyrkimys sekä hyötyä julkisuudesta että palauttaa valtaa takaisin puolueelle. Politiikan mediajulkisuuden alttius tarttua myyviin poliitikkopersooniin, ilmiöihin, ristiriitoihin ja draamaan sekä vastaavasti populistijohtaja Timo Soinin ja perussuomalaisten kyky tarjota kaikkia näitä auttoivat puolueen suurvoittoon vuoden 2011 eduskuntavaaleissa. Organisaatioltaan pieni ja johtajaansa henkilöityvä puolue sai selvästi poliittista painoarvoaan suuremman julkisuuden, koska kiinnostavuus määritti näkyvyyden ja puolueen nousevasta kannatuksesta tuli yksi vaalien pääaiheista. Median ja politiikan suhteessa tapahtuneet muutokset olivat vauhdittamassa niin naisten nousua suurten puolueiden johtajiksi kuin populistisen johtajuuden läpimurtoa ja perussuomalaisten menestystä. Koska suurten puolueiden johtajista valikoituvat myös pääministerit, näiden muutosten vaikutus ulottuu Suomen poliittisesti vaikutusvaltaisimpaan tehtävään asti.

Mídia e produção de sentido: a reconfiguração da indústria da música e as estratégias discursivas da associação cultural DoSol

This dissertation aims to analyse discursive strategies from Dosol in order to understand the present elements to keep its audience and the marketing activities. Based on French line of discourse analysis We look into the articles posted on its website at http://www.dosol.com.br within 2010 and We foment dialogues among music, media and communications researchers. Participant observation is slightly used on the critical perception and views of researched object to confront situations and step up, with theorists, the major part of closing remarks. The obtained results indicate a website speech paved on afirmative policies and social capital, trying to keep/seduce its audience with the efect of the intended credibility meaning. The economic factor wanders the speech so often that the speaker assumes a entrepreneur/cultural producer. As a niche market, Dosol assumes a main role in music industry for releasing the regional and local cultural production. On the other hand, it is noticeable that its sustainability and media visibility, as it is seen today, depends on the laws tor promote Culture, what denotes a lack of a regional cultural policies to medium and long term at Rio Grande do Norte

Governo eletrônico, democracia digital e comunicação pública: a presença do poder judiciário na internet

Pós-graduação em Comunicação - FAAC

La construcción de la transparencia : Museo de Arte Contemporáneo del siglo 21 de Kanazawa - SANAA

La tesis doctoral “La construcción de la transparencia. Museo de Arte Contemporáneo del Siglo 21 de Kanazawa / SANAA” estudia, desde diferentes perspectivas, esta obra de los arquitectos japoneses Kazuyo Sejima + Ryue Nishizawa / SANAA. El museo, proyectado y construido entre 1999 y 2004, supone un referente arquitectónico de gran relevancia en el cambio de siglo, y está considerado un manifiesto construido en el que resuenan ecos culturales y sociales de su época. La investigación toma como constante el Museo del Siglo 21 de Kanazawa y a través de él se realizan una serie de miradas transversales a modo de narrativas interconectadas. Estas visiones múltiples colaboran, a través de las relaciones que se producen entre ellas, a generar un entendimiento global de esta obra y sus efectos sobre la cultura arquitectónica contemporánea. La tesis se estructura en dos partes: la primera estudia de manera analítica la obra en su contexto cultural, el proceso de proyecto y el edificio construido. La segunda parte propone una triple lectura interpretativa del edificio en relación a temas de especial relevancia para el proyecto y al modelo de espacio que constituye, tomando de nuevo como constante la noción de transparencia. La tesis partirá de la interpretación que hace del museo su directora artística Yuko Hasegawa, cuya colaboración activa durante el proceso de diseño resultó de gran relevancia para el resultado final. Hasegawa define la obra como la materialización de una situación cultural característica del nuevo siglo basada en tres conceptos: La Coexistencia, la Consciencia y la Inteligencia Colectiva. A partir de dichas ideas entenderemos la transparencia no sólo desde el punto de vista de las cualidades físicas y materiales del espacio sino también, desde una perspectiva más amplia: como estrategia utilizada para clarificar la organización funcional del edificio y las relaciones entre sus partes como posición política, catalizadora del espacio público; la producción de consciencia a través de la experiencia del arte y la arquitectura; y como medio de representación y generación de una identidad colectiva basada en la visibilidad mediática. Las conclusiones de esta investigación, extraídas de las confluencias y puntos de intersección de las diferentes miradas transversales proyectadas sobre la obra, determinan una clara voluntad por parte de los arquitectos de construir un espacio donde lo público se entiende como el ensamblaje de diferentes individualidades. De manera similar al proceso de proyecto, la multiplicidad y las relaciones entre elementos autónomos generan un consciencia colectiva del espacio donde, a través de la organización programática, la construcción y el uso de los materiales y la luz, la arquitectura tiene la voluntad de desvanecerse para ofrecer protagonismo a sus usuarios y a las relaciones y encuentros que se producen entre ellos y con el espacio que habitan. ABSTRACT The PhD thesis “The construction of transparency. 21st Century Museum of Contemporary Art in Kanazawa / SANAA” studies, from different perspectives, this work, realized by Japanese architects Kazuyo Sejima + Ryue Nishizawa / SANAA. The museum, designed and built between 1999 and 2004, had a huge relevance as an architectural referent in the swift of the century, being considered a built manifesto that echoes the culture and society of its time. The research takes as a constant the 21st Century Museum in Kanazawa and it is studied throughout a series of transversal readings as interconnected narratives. These multiple approaches and the relations among them, help to generate a global understanding of the building and its effects on contemporary architectural culture. The dissertation is structured in two parts: the first one studies from an analytical perspective the project in its cultural context, the process of design and the built work. The second part proposes a triple interpretative reading of the building in relation to topics that are especially relevant for the project and the spatial model that it constitutes, taking again the notion of transparency as a constant concept. The thesis departs from the interpretation expressed by the artistic director of the museum, Yuko Hasegawa, whose active collaboration during the design process had special relevance for the final result. She defines the work as the materialization of the cultural context of the new century based in three concepts: Co-existence, Consciousness and Collective Intelligence. From these concepts we will understand transparency, not only from the point of view of the physical and material qualities of the space, but also from a broader perspective: as an strategy used to clarify the functional organization of the building and the relation of its parts as political stand that catalyzes the public space; the production of consciousness based on the experience of art and architecture; and as a method of representation and construction of a collective identity based in the media visibility. The conclusions of this research -extracted from the confluences and intersections of the different transversal readings projected on the work- determine a clear intention by the architects to build a space where the public is understood as an assembly of different individualities. In a similar way as it happens in the design process, the multiplicity of relations between autonomous elements generate a collective consciousness of the space. Throughout the programmatic organization, the construction and the use of light and materials, the architecture has the will of disappearance to yield protagonist the users and the relations and encounters that happen among them and the space they inhabit.

La comunicación en la red de pacientes con enfermedades raras en España

Introducción: Este estudio se centra en la estrategia de comunicación de las organizaciones de pacientes con enfermedades raras en internet. Objetivo: Analizar la utilización de las herramientas de comunicación en internet. Métodos: Se examinaron 143 organizaciones de pacientes nacionales. Se ha realizado un análisis de contenido de cada una de las webs de las organizaciones, redes sociales y blogs. Y se han llevado a cabo encuestas telefónicas a 90 organizaciones con las que se contactó, el 63% del total. Resultados: El 84% de las web está gestionada por miembros de las organizaciones sin formación específica y el 16% por profesionales. Se dirigen en la misma proporción a pacientes y allegados que al resto de la población, pero no utilizan herramientas que les permitan una comunicación más fluida. Discusión y Conclusiones: Los resultados muestran la necesidad de contar con personal especializado y con espacios habilitados en la red para comunicarse con el resto de la población.

Science publication workshops as a strategy to improve the visibility of scholarly production: the experience of the University of Sao Paulo (USP) - Brazil

The objective of this work is to present the experience of workshops that have been developed at the University of Sao Paulo by the Integrated Library System in partnership with Research Commission. The poster presents the main results of workshops that were made in 2011, in two knowledge areas: life science and engineering, about science publication processes, and directed to graduates, pos-doctorates, researchers, professors and library staff. The realization of workshops made possible identifies gaps in different aspects of scholarly communication such as research planning, search information strategy, information organization, submission process, identification of journals with high impact, and so on, areas where professors and librarians can help. Besides, workshops reveal that the majority of participants believe in its importance. Despite the ubiquity of digital technology that transversely impacts all academic activities, it is imperative to promote efforts to find a convergence between information and media literacy in higher education and university research activities. This is particularly important when we talk about how science is produced, communicated and preserved for future use. In this scenario, libraries and librarians assume a new, more active and committed role.

The social perception of heroes and murders: Effects of gender-inclusive language in media reports

The way media depict women and men can reinforce or diminish gender stereotyping. Which part does language play in this context? Are roles perceived as more gender-balanced when feminine role nouns are used in addition to masculine ones? Research on gender-inclusive language shows that the use of feminine-masculine word pairs tends to increase the visibility of women in various social roles. For example, when speakers of German were asked to name their favorite "heroine or hero in a novel," they listed more female characters than when asked to name their favorite "hero in a novel." The research reported in this article examines how the use of gender-inclusive language in news reports affects readers' own usage of such forms as well as their mental representation of women and men in the respective roles. In the main experiment, German participants (N = 256) read short reports about heroes or murderers which contained either masculine generics or gender-inclusive forms (feminine-masculine word pairs). Gender-inclusive forms enhanced participants' own usage of gender-inclusive language and this resulted in more gender-balanced mental representations of these roles. Reading about "heroines and heroes" made participants assume a higher percentage of women among persons performing heroic acts than reading about "heroes" only, but there was no such effect for murderers. A post-test suggested that this might be due to a higher accessibility of female exemplars in the category heroes than in the category murderers. Importantly, the influence of gender-inclusive language on the perceived percentage of women in a role was mediated by speakers' own usage of inclusive forms. This suggests that people who encounter gender-inclusive forms and are given an opportunity to use them, use them more themselves and in turn have more gender-balanced mental representations of social roles.

The effect of light absorbing media on driver visual performance. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Spaces of Visibility for the Migrants of Lampedusa: The Counter Narrative of the Aesthetic Discourse

Political, legal, and media discourse around ‘boat-migrants’ arriving in Lampedusa share a tendency to focus on an unnamed and anonymous mass of people in order to build and sustain a Border Spectacle revolving around immigration to Italy. In this context, where very little space is usually left to individual migrant voices, this article challenges this common understanding of immigration to Lampedusa by showing a different side of the story, a story told by the real actors of the Mediterranean passage, the migrants themselves, who, by relying on the realm of aesthetics, have managed to gain visibility and to become ‘subjects of power.’

Sports sponsorship as a channel for brand engagement on social media

The purpose of this Mater’s Thesis was to examine how sports sponsorship can be used as a channel for brand engagement on social media. All these three concepts have been researched previously, however, up until now they have been studied separately. Therefore, the aim was also to investigate the interrelations between these three concepts, as there is a lack of academic base on the matter. The theory of the research was based on existing academic researches of social media, brand engagement and sports sponsorship. The empirical part of the research was conducted by utilizing quantitative research method. An online questionnaire was published on Facebook pages of two Liiga ice hockey teams. In the end the total sample consisted of 322 viable respondents. The collected data was analyzed by using statistical analysis software, SPSS. The findings of the empirical research reveal that information, enjoyment, personal identity, social interaction and compensation motivate consumers to engage with brands on social media. However, the behavior of consumers is more passive than active brand engagement. Personal identity and compensation serve as motivational reasons for brand engagement on both active and passive level, while the rest are only passive brand engagement. Besides motivation there are other variables that affect consumers. Support for the team reflects to brand engagement, which is passive brand engagement. The visibility of the brand during the event is linked to both active and passive brand engagement. Prior information of sports team and event and frequency of attendance can be linked only to active brand engagement. On the other hand, congruence between the team and brand reflects only to passive brand engagement.

VOX POPULI: THREE ESSAYS ON THE USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA FOR VALUE CREATION IN SERVICES

Prior research shows that electronic word of mouth (eWOM) wields considerable influence over consumer behavior. However, as the volume and variety of eWOM grows, firms are faced with challenges in analyzing and responding to this information. In this dissertation, I argue that to meet the new challenges and opportunities posed by the expansion of eWOM and to more accurately measure its impacts on firms and consumers, we need to revisit our methodologies for extracting insights from eWOM. This dissertation consists of three essays that further our understanding of the value of social media analytics, especially with respect to eWOM. In the first essay, I use machine learning techniques to extract semantic structure from online reviews. These semantic dimensions describe the experiences of consumers in the service industry more accurately than traditional numerical variables. To demonstrate the value of these dimensions, I show that they can be used to substantially improve the accuracy of econometric models of firm survival. In the second essay, I explore the effects on eWOM of online deals, such as those offered by Groupon, the value of which to both consumers and merchants is controversial. Through a combination of Bayesian econometric models and controlled lab experiments, I examine the conditions under which online deals affect online reviews and provide strategies to mitigate the potential negative eWOM effects resulting from online deals. In the third essay, I focus on how eWOM can be incorporated into efforts to reduce foodborne illness, a major public health concern. I demonstrate how machine learning techniques can be used to monitor hygiene in restaurants through crowd-sourced online reviews. I am able to identify instances of moral hazard within the hygiene inspection scheme used in New York City by leveraging a dictionary specifically crafted for this purpose. To the extent that online reviews provide some visibility into the hygiene practices of restaurants, I show how losses from information asymmetry may be partially mitigated in this context. Taken together, this dissertation contributes by revisiting and refining the use of eWOM in the service sector through a combination of machine learning and econometric methodologies.

An Efficient Protocol For The Generation Of Monocyte Derived Dendritic Cells Using Serum-free Media For Clinical Applications In Post Remission Aml Patients.

Protocols for the generation of dendritic cells (DCs) using serum as a supplementation of culture media leads to reactions due to animal proteins and disease transmissions. Several types of serum-free media (SFM), based on good manufacture practices (GMP), have recently been used and seem to be a viable option. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of the differentiation, maturation, and function of DCs from Acute Myeloid Leukemia patients (AML), generated in SFM and medium supplemented with autologous serum (AS). DCs were analyzed by phenotype characteristics, viability, and functionality. The results showed the possibility of generating viable DCs in all the conditions tested. In patients, the X-VIVO 15 medium was more efficient than the other media tested in the generation of DCs producing IL-12p70 (p=0.05). Moreover, the presence of AS led to a significant increase of IL-10 by DCs as compared with CellGro (p=0.05) and X-Vivo15 (p=0.05) media, both in patients and donors. We concluded that SFM was efficient in the production of DCs for immunotherapy in AML patients. However, the use of AS appears to interfere with the functional capacity of the generated DCs.

Crescimento fisico e desempenho motor em crianças de 6 a 12 anos decondição socio-economica media da area urbana da provincia de Arequipa-Peru

Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educação Física

Visibility of the mandibular canal on CBCT crosssectional images

The identification of the mandibular canal (MC) is an important prerequisite for surgical procedures involving the posterior mandible. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) represents an advance in imaging technology, but distinguishing the MC from surrounding structures may remain a delicate task. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the visibility of the MC in different regions on CBCT cross-sectional images. MATERIAL AND METHODS: CBCT cross-sectional images of 58 patients (116 hemi-mandibles) were analyzed, and the visibility of the MC in different regions was assessed. RESULTS: The MC was clearly visible in 53% of the hemi-mandibles. Difficult and very difficult visualizations were registered in 25% and 22% of the hemi-mandibles, respectively. The visibility of the MC on distal regions was superior when compared to regions closer to the mental foramen. No differences were found between edentulous and tooth-bearing areas. CONCLUSIONS: The MC presents an overall satisfactory visibility on CBCT cross-sectional images in most cases. However, the discrimination of the canal from its surrounds becomes less obvious towards the mental foramen region when cross-sectional images are individually analyzed.