La 'economía' del filósofo : Epicúreos y estoicos helenísticos acerca del vivir filosóficamente

Al final de la época clásica, las condiciones de vida de los ciudadanos atenientes sufrieron un cambio considerable. Este trabajo intenta establecer la forma en que los filósofos de las dos escuelas más importantes de esta época, la estoica y la epicúrea, trataban de conciliar sus necesidades materiales y cotidianas con los preceptos éticos de sus distintos sistemas filosóficos.

La 'economía' del filósofo : Epicúreos y estoicos helenísticos acerca del vivir filosóficamente

Al final de la época clásica, las condiciones de vida de los ciudadanos atenientes sufrieron un cambio considerable. Este trabajo intenta establecer la forma en que los filósofos de las dos escuelas más importantes de esta época, la estoica y la epicúrea, trataban de conciliar sus necesidades materiales y cotidianas con los preceptos éticos de sus distintos sistemas filosóficos.

La 'economía' del filósofo : Epicúreos y estoicos helenísticos acerca del vivir filosóficamente

Al final de la época clásica, las condiciones de vida de los ciudadanos atenientes sufrieron un cambio considerable. Este trabajo intenta establecer la forma en que los filósofos de las dos escuelas más importantes de esta época, la estoica y la epicúrea, trataban de conciliar sus necesidades materiales y cotidianas con los preceptos éticos de sus distintos sistemas filosóficos.

Material embodiment and energy flows as efficiency indicators of soybean (Glycine max) production in Brazil

As the requirement for agriculture to be environmentally suitable there is a necessity to adopt indicators and methodologies approaching sustainability. In Brazil, biodiesel addition into diesel is mandatory and soybean oil is its main source. The material embodiment determines the convergence of inputs into the crop. Moreover, the material flows are necessary for any environmental analysis. This study evaluated distinct production scenarios, and also conventional versus GMO crops, through the material embodiment and energy analysis. GMO crops demanded less indirectly applied inputs. The energy balance showed linearity with yield, whereas for EROI, the increases in input and yield were not affected.

Instrumento cortador e removedor de material edodôntico: desenvolvimento e aplicabilidade

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

TACTILE CARTOGRAPHY EXPERIENCES IN BRAZIL: METHODOLOGIES AND DIDACTICAL MATERIAL WITH TECHNOLOGICAL RESOURCES FOR INCLUSION OF BLIND AND LOW VISION STUDENTS

The tactile cartography is an area of Cartography that aims the development of methodologies and didactical material to work cartographic concepts with blind and low vision people. The main aim of this article is to present the experience of Tactile Cartography Research Group from Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), including some didactical material and courses for teachers using the System MAPAVOX. The System MAPAVOX is software developed by our research group in a partnership with Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) that integrates maps and models with a voice synthesizer, sound emission, texts, images and video visualizing for computers. Our research methodology is based in authors that have in the students the centre of didactical activity such as Ochaita and Espinosa in [1], which developed studies related to blind children's literacy. According to Almeida the child's drawing is, thus, a system of representation. It isn't a copy of objects, but interpretation of that which is real, done by the child in graphic language[2]. In the proposed activities with blind and low vision students they are prepared to interpret reality and represent it by adopting concepts of graphic language learned. To start the cartographic initialization it is necessary to use personal and quotidian references, for example the classroom tactile model or map, to include concepts in generalization and scale concerning to their space of life. During these years many case studies were developed with blind and low vision students from Special School for Hearing Impaired and Visually Impaired in Araras and Rio Claro, Sao Paulo - Brazil. The most part of these experiences and others from Brazil and Chile are presented in [3]. Tactile material and MAPAVOX facilities are analysed by students and teachers who contribute with suggestions to reformulate and adapt them to their sensibility and necessity. Since 2005 we offer courses in Tactile Cartography to prepare teachers from elementary school in the manipulation of didactical material and attending students with special educational needs in regular classroom. There were 6 classroom and blended courses offered for 184 teachers from public schools in this region of the Sao Paulo state. As conclusion we can observe that methodological procedures centred in the blind and low vision students are successful in their spatial orientation if use didactical material from places or objects with which they have significant experience. During the applying of courses for teachers we could see that interdisciplinary groups can find creative cartographic alternatives more easily. We observed too that the best results in methodological procedures were those who provided concreteness to abstract concepts using daily experiences.

Material embodiment and energy flows as efficiency indicators of soybean (Glycine max) production in Brazil

As the requirement for agriculture to be environmentally suitable there is a necessity to adopt indicators and methodologies approaching sustainability. In Brazil, biodiesel addition into diesel is mandatory and soybean oil is its main source. The material embodiment determines the convergence of inputs into the crop. Moreover, the material flows are necessary for any environmental analysis. This study evaluated distinct production scenarios, and also conventional versus GMO crops, through the material embodiment and energy analysis. GMO crops demanded less indirectly applied inputs. The energy balance showed linearity with yield, whereas for EROI, the increases in input and yield were not affected.

El cambio en la designación general de material (DGM) de las AACR a las RDA : Definición de los atributos tipo de contenido, tipo de medio y tipo de soporte

Se aborda el estudio de los atributos tipo de contenido, tipo de medio y tipo de soporte definidos por el código de catalogación Resource Description and Access (RDA) para solucionar los problemas que presentaba la lista de términos utilizadas para registrar la designación general de material (DGM) en las Anglo American Cataloging Rules (AACR). Los términos eran ambiguos combinando aspectos referidos al contenido y clase de material del recurso. Se parte de una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica y del estudio de los documentos que se generaron en el proceso de elaboración del nuevo código. Se menciona el trabajo conjunto entre el Joint Steering Committee (JSC) y el estándar ONIX para el establecimiento de criterios que permitieron definir estos tres atributos, así como el aporte del modelo FRBR en la definición de los mismos. Se presentan ejemplos de registros bibliográficos donde se utilizan estos tres atributos en formato MARC21, ISBD consolidada a partir de la definición del área 0 y en el esquema de metadatos Dublin Core. Se finaliza destacando la necesidad de continuar con investigaciones que permitan concluir sobre la adecuación de estos tres atributos a las necesidades de los catalogadores, usuarios y a la realidad tecnológica

El cambio en la designación general de material (DGM) de las AACR a las RDA : Definición de los atributos tipo de contenido, tipo de medio y tipo de soporte

Se aborda el estudio de los atributos tipo de contenido, tipo de medio y tipo de soporte definidos por el código de catalogación Resource Description and Access (RDA) para solucionar los problemas que presentaba la lista de términos utilizadas para registrar la designación general de material (DGM) en las Anglo American Cataloging Rules (AACR). Los términos eran ambiguos combinando aspectos referidos al contenido y clase de material del recurso. Se parte de una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica y del estudio de los documentos que se generaron en el proceso de elaboración del nuevo código. Se menciona el trabajo conjunto entre el Joint Steering Committee (JSC) y el estándar ONIX para el establecimiento de criterios que permitieron definir estos tres atributos, así como el aporte del modelo FRBR en la definición de los mismos. Se presentan ejemplos de registros bibliográficos donde se utilizan estos tres atributos en formato MARC21, ISBD consolidada a partir de la definición del área 0 y en el esquema de metadatos Dublin Core. Se finaliza destacando la necesidad de continuar con investigaciones que permitan concluir sobre la adecuación de estos tres atributos a las necesidades de los catalogadores, usuarios y a la realidad tecnológica

El cambio en la designación general de material (DGM) de las AACR a las RDA : Definición de los atributos tipo de contenido, tipo de medio y tipo de soporte

Se aborda el estudio de los atributos tipo de contenido, tipo de medio y tipo de soporte definidos por el código de catalogación Resource Description and Access (RDA) para solucionar los problemas que presentaba la lista de términos utilizadas para registrar la designación general de material (DGM) en las Anglo American Cataloging Rules (AACR). Los términos eran ambiguos combinando aspectos referidos al contenido y clase de material del recurso. Se parte de una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica y del estudio de los documentos que se generaron en el proceso de elaboración del nuevo código. Se menciona el trabajo conjunto entre el Joint Steering Committee (JSC) y el estándar ONIX para el establecimiento de criterios que permitieron definir estos tres atributos, así como el aporte del modelo FRBR en la definición de los mismos. Se presentan ejemplos de registros bibliográficos donde se utilizan estos tres atributos en formato MARC21, ISBD consolidada a partir de la definición del área 0 y en el esquema de metadatos Dublin Core. Se finaliza destacando la necesidad de continuar con investigaciones que permitan concluir sobre la adecuación de estos tres atributos a las necesidades de los catalogadores, usuarios y a la realidad tecnológica

Effect Of Platform Connection And Abutment Material On Stress Distribution In Single Anterior Implant-supported Restorations: A Nonlinear 3-dimensional Finite Element Analysis.

Although various abutment connections and materials have recently been introduced, insufficient data exist regarding the effect of stress distribution on their mechanical performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different abutment materials and platform connections on stress distribution in single anterior implant-supported restorations with the finite element method. Nine experimental groups were modeled from the combination of 3 platform connections (external hexagon, internal hexagon, and Morse tapered) and 3 abutment materials (titanium, zirconia, and hybrid) as follows: external hexagon-titanium, external hexagon-zirconia, external hexagon-hybrid, internal hexagon-titanium, internal hexagon-zirconia, internal hexagon-hybrid, Morse tapered-titanium, Morse tapered-zirconia, and Morse tapered-hybrid. Finite element models consisted of a 4×13-mm implant, anatomic abutment, and lithium disilicate central incisor crown cemented over the abutment. The 49 N occlusal loading was applied in 6 steps to simulate the incisal guidance. Equivalent von Mises stress (σvM) was used for both the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the implant and abutment in all the groups and the maximum (σmax) and minimum (σmin) principal stresses for the numerical comparison of the zirconia parts. The highest abutment σvM occurred in the Morse-tapered groups and the lowest in the external hexagon-hybrid, internal hexagon-titanium, and internal hexagon-hybrid groups. The σmax and σmin values were lower in the hybrid groups than in the zirconia groups. The stress distribution concentrated in the abutment-implant interface in all the groups, regardless of the platform connection or abutment material. The platform connection influenced the stress on abutments more than the abutment material. The stress values for implants were similar among different platform connections, but greater stress concentrations were observed in internal connections.

Improved Selective Cholesterol Adsorption By Molecularly Imprinted Poly(methacrylic Acid)/silica (pmaa-sio₂) Hybrid Material Synthesized With Different Molar Ratios.

The present paper describes the synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymer - poly(methacrylic acid)/silica and reports its performance feasibility with desired adsorption capacity and selectivity for cholesterol extraction. Two imprinted hybrid materials were synthesized at different methacrylic acid (MAA)/tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) molar ratios (6:1 and 1:5) and characterized by FT-IR, TGA, SEM and textural data. Cholesterol adsorption on hybrid materials took place preferably in apolar solvent medium, especially in chloroform. From the kinetic data, the equilibrium time was reached quickly, being 12 and 20 min for the polymers synthesized at MAA/TEOS molar ratio of 6:1 and 1:5, respectively. The pseudo-second-order model provided the best fit for cholesterol adsorption on polymers, confirming the chemical nature of the adsorption process, while the dual-site Langmuir-Freundlich equation presented the best fit to the experimental data, suggesting the existence of two kinds of adsorption sites on both polymers. The maximum adsorption capacities obtained for the polymers synthesized at MAA/TEOS molar ratios of 6:1 and 1:5 were found to be 214.8 and 166.4 mg g(-1), respectively. The results from isotherm data also indicated higher adsorption capacity for both imprinted polymers regarding to corresponding non-imprinted polymers. Nevertheless, taking into account the retention parameters and selectivity of cholesterol in the presence of structurally analogue compounds (5-α-cholestane and 7-dehydrocholesterol), it was observed that the polymer synthesized at the MAA/TEOS molar ratio of 6:1 was much more selective for cholesterol than the one prepared at the ratio of 1:5, thus suggesting that selective binding sites ascribed to the carboxyl group from MAA play a central role in the imprinting effect created on MIP.

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells From Adipose Tissue Attached To Suture Material Enhance The Closure Of Enterocutaneous Fistulas In A Rat Model.

Surgical treatment for enterocutaneous fistulas (EF) frequently fails. Cell therapy may represent a new approach to treatment. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have high proliferative and differentiation capacity. This study aimed to investigate whether MSCs could adhere to suture filament (SF), promoting better EF healing. MSCs, 1 × 10(6), from adipose tissue (ATMSCs) were adhered to a Polyvicryl SF by adding a specific fibrin glue formulation. Adhesion was confirmed by confocal and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A cecal fistula was created in 22 Wistar rats by incising the cecum and suturing the opening to the surgical wound subcutaneously with four separate stitches. The animals were randomly allocated to three groups: control (CG)-five animals, EF performed; injection (IG)-eight animals 1 × 10(6) ATMSCs injected around EF borders; and suture filament (SG): nine animals, sutured with 1 × 10(6) ATMSCs attached to the filaments with fibrin glue. Fistulas were photographed on the operation day and every 3 days until the 21st day and analyzed by two observers using ImageJ Software. Confocal and SEM results demonstrated ATMSCs adhered to SF (ATMSCs-SF). The average reduction size of the fistula area at 21st day was greater for the SG group (90.34%, P < 0.05) than the IG (71.80%) and CG (46.54%) groups. ATMSCs adhered to SF maintain viability and proliferative capacity. EF submitted to ATMSCs-SF procedure showed greater recovery and healing. This approach might be a new and effective tool for EF treatment.

Brazilian Natural Fiber (jute) As Raw Material For Activated Carbon Production.

Jute fiber is the second most common natural cellulose fiber worldwide, especially in recent years, due to its excellent physical, chemical and structural properties. The objective of this paper was to investigate: the thermal degradation of in natura jute fiber, and the production and characterization of the generated activated carbon. The production consisted of carbonization of the jute fiber and activation with steam. During the activation step the amorphous carbon produced in the initial carbonization step reacted with oxidizing gas, forming new pores and opening closed pores, which enhanced the adsorptive capacity of the activated carbon. N2 gas adsorption at 77K was used in order to evaluate the effect of the carbonization and activation steps. The results of the adsorption indicate the possibility of producing a porous material with a combination of microporous and mesoporous structure, depending on the parameters used in the processes, with resulting specific surface area around 470 m2.g-1. The thermal analysis indicates that above 600°C there is no significant mass loss.