O clarim dos marginalizados. A literatura marginal/periférica na Literatura Brasileira Contemporânea

A presente dissertação tem como objetivo principal problematizar a questão da Literatura Marginal / Periférica e apresentá-la no âmbito da Literatura e das Culturas. Para a construção do trabalho, foram utilizados teóricos que trabalham e reveem conceitos de cultura, não cristalizados, tais como, Cultura Popular, Cultura de Elite e Cultura de Massa, tendo em vista uma concepção de mercado e de socialização da arte. Ao mesmo tempo, a fim de inserir este novo movimento literário no âmbito das artes e das instituições, foram feitas entrevistas e utilizadas obras literárias de três autores (Ferréz, Alessandro Buzo e Allan da Rosa) e de uma autora (Elizandra Souza) que atuam na cena literária marginal / periférica. Para sua concretização, o estudo toma como referência as indagações e as recepções diante das culturas e da indústria cultural, ao traçar um panorama de como este movimento vem atuando na Literatura Brasileira Contemporânea

Literatura Marginal, Periferia e Ferréz

No presente trabalho, o objeto de análise é a Literatura Marginal produzida por Ferréz e seus pontos de contato com um deslocamento do lugar da periferia. Partindo dessa ideia, esta pesquisa pensa Ferréz, em alguns momentos, e dialoga com outros escritores da periferia e suas preferências temáticas. Falando da periferia como tema do escritor da nova geração da Literatura Marginal e como possibilidade de que essa Literatura despontasse, esta pesquisa tem início com a discussão do conceito de periferia e, em seguida, coloca em perspectiva e realiza um sobrevoo entre os diferentes sentidos do termo marginalidade no contexto da Literatura e nas artes de uma maneira ampla. A partir das referidas observações, são discutidas as primeiras expressões de marginalidade na literatura, especialmente aqui no Brasil e verificadas quando se começou, de fato, a aplicar essa expressão marginal na Literatura. Assim, são apresentadas as três principais conotações de marginalidade: (i) aquela que se refere à cultura marginal das décadas de 1960 e 1970; (ii) aquela que diz respeito à poesia marginal do mesmo período; e (iii) a que se relaciona aos escritores que trazem a periferia como tema ou, ainda, aqueles que são oriundos dela. Em seguida, são apresentados os traços da marginalidade literária da nova geração e algumas ações político-culturais de alguns escritores. Nesse momento, há um aprofundamento no objetivo desta pesquisa, que é discutir as mutações na Literatura Marginal e no discurso de Férrez dentro de uma nova concepção de marginalidade literária, inseparável de novos sentidos e contextos da ideia de periferia.

A escrita como arma: uma análise do pensamento social na literatura marginal

Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais - FFC

O ‘caso Ferréz’: um estudo sobre a nova literatura marginal

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Plínio Marcos e a perspectiva utópica de superação

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Prostituição e morte em Maggie: a girl of the streets: uma leitura feminista sobre a Slum fiction norte-americana de Stephen Crane

Pós-graduação em Letras - FCLAS

Marginal Man in Modern Russian Literature

This research was focused around the intersection of two discourses: that of marginality and that of ideology. Ponomarev analysed works by Alexander Zinoviev, Vladimir Maximov and Eduard Limonov - three writers representing different groups of Soviet dissidence - from the viewpoint of the concept, drawn from anthropological theory, of marginal man. Using a methodology he describes as ideological analysis, Ponomarev showed that the ideologies of both the writers and their characters are marginal, lying as they do between official Soviet and western democratic ideologies. He showed that the works and the 'creative behaviour' of the three writers did not change after 1991, when their ideas seemed victorious. Marginality is shown to be a permanent characteristic and is linked with the main ideas of the dissident movement in the USSR. On the basis of this marginality, Ponomarev identified some common traits in dissident ideas and drew up a model of dissident ideology. This general model of dissident ideology seems to be one of the special Russian variants of the marginal ideologies of intelligentsia and could be compared to the ideology of Rodon Raskolnikov, the central character in Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment. The discourse of ideology in the USSR in the 1970s-1980s and in 1990s Russia thus appeared as a process in which the elements of the official Soviet ideology were gradually superseded by those of the dissident ideology linked with the ideology of the underground, the Russian version of the post-modern. Marginal ideologies won and became mainstream but did not lose their basic marginal traits. Ponomarev concludes that the gap between the 'state ideology' and the dissident ideology, taken together with the special Russian version of postmodernity has shaped the current literary process in Russia, making the figure of the marginal man into the main writer type.

Recursive pathways to marginal likelihood estimation with prior-sensitivity analysis

We investigate the utility to computational Bayesian analyses of a particular family of recursive marginal likelihood estimators characterized by the (equivalent) algorithms known as "biased sampling" or "reverse logistic regression" in the statistics literature and "the density of states" in physics. Through a pair of numerical examples (including mixture modeling of the well-known galaxy dataset) we highlight the remarkable diversity of sampling schemes amenable to such recursive normalization, as well as the notable efficiency of the resulting pseudo-mixture distributions for gauging prior-sensitivity in the Bayesian model selection context. Our key theoretical contributions are to introduce a novel heuristic ("thermodynamic integration via importance sampling") for qualifying the role of the bridging sequence in this procedure, and to reveal various connections between these recursive estimators and the nested sampling technique.

Investigating early childhood education for sustainability : insights from history and literature

Seemingly straightforward tasks often have a way of becoming complex. This was the case for our guest editorial team charged with creating Early Childhood Australia’s Best of Sustainability publication drawn from the the Australasian Journal of Early Childhood and Every Child. The complexities we encountered ranged from the varied terminologies and understandings of constructs such as education for sustainable development, environmental education and education for sustainability, through to the fundamental lack of published research on which to draw as the basis for a special issue. It is timely to explore these complexities as we face the global challenges of The Critical Decade (DCCEE, 2011) including rising sea levels, extreme weather events and food security. At a local level, the early childhood field in Australia is seeking to interpret sustainability with systemic support from the National Quality Standards(NQS) (ACECQA, 2011), while elsewhere environmental/sustainability education is encouraged through national curricula documents (for example, Singapore Ministry of Education, 2008; Swedish National Agency for Education,2010; Ministry of Education of Korea, 2011). Both The Critical Decade and the NQS provide imperatives to drive early childhood education’s engagement with sustainability. In other words, sustainability in early childhood education is no longer optional, but essential (Elliott, 2010). While some twenty years of advocacy has led to this somewhat subdued celebratory position, in this publication we do recognise the historical contexts that have led to early childhood education for sustainability (ECEfS), as we (Elliott & Davis) phrase it, becoming almost ‘mainstream not marginal’ (Davis, 1999)— a stitching together of the isolated ‘patches of green’, first identified a decade ago by Elliott (NSW EPA, 2003). Here we weave together, through these articles, a story of the evolving history of ECEfS from our particular perspective. In so doing, we also acknowledge that there are other perspectives or ‘paths’ for this field as identified by Edwards and Cutter-McKenzie in their concluding paper to this compilation.

Accelerating Pseudo-Marginal MCMC using Gaussian Processes

Pseudo-marginal methods such as the grouped independence Metropolis-Hastings (GIMH) and Markov chain within Metropolis (MCWM) algorithms have been introduced in the literature as an approach to perform Bayesian inference in latent variable models. These methods replace intractable likelihood calculations with unbiased estimates within Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms. The GIMH method has the posterior of interest as its limiting distribution, but suffers from poor mixing if it is too computationally intensive to obtain high-precision likelihood estimates. The MCWM algorithm has better mixing properties, but less theoretical support. In this paper we propose to use Gaussian processes (GP) to accelerate the GIMH method, whilst using a short pilot run of MCWM to train the GP. Our new method, GP-GIMH, is illustrated on simulated data from a stochastic volatility and a gene network model.

Marginal ou anormal? Contribuição da literatura de Antônio Fraga, Carolina de Jesus e Maura Lopes Cançado para outro entendimento da marginalidade

Este trabalho busca, através de um estudo que vincula literatura e pensamento crítico social, explorar as relações entre os processos de marginalização literária e algumas alternativas intelectivas acerca das noções de marginalidade e anormalidade. Seu corpus literário abarca três livros de escritores brasileiros, que, além de não terem logrado inserção no que poderia ser entendido como um cânone nacional, destacam-se ainda pela temática de suas obras, que, em si mesmas, trazem o problema da marginalização. Assim, Desabrigo, de Antônio Fraga; Quarto de despejo, de Carolina de Jesus; e Hospício é Deus, de Maura Lopes Cançado são abordadas a partir das reflexões desenvolvidas, especialmente, por Michel Foucault e Georges Canguilhem a respeito das estratégias de produção de anormais, revelando o quanto a marginalização, antes de ser uma consequência de uma inadequação a normas pré-existentes, pode, de fato, ser a própria fonte de produção destas normas. Buscando valorizar tanto as convergências, quanto as distinções possíveis nas obras daqueles três escritores, o trabalho procura se afastar de uma perspectiva que apreenderia suas obras como produções isoladas e desprestigiadas, para nelas encontrar a potência da afirmação de um discurso literário que tanto se apresentou como denúncia e contestação, quanto como um cuidadoso trabalho de expressão literária e, portanto, de expressão social.

Marginal Activity Access Cost (MAAC): a new indicator for sustainable Land Use/Transport (LUT) planning

The paper presents the ‘Marginal Activity Access Cost’, an accessibility indicator providing estimation in monetary terms of the impacts on mobility and on the environment of locating a single new activity in a specific zone of the urban area. In the first part of this paper, the new indicator is presented and compared to other accessibility indicators proposed in literature. In the second part, the MAAC is validated through an application to the urban area of Rome. The paper concludes with brief remarks on using the proposed accessibility indicator as index of performance for sustainable spatial planning.

Effect of dietary phytate and microbial phytase on mineral and trace element bioavailability- a literature review

Phytic acid (PA) is the main phosphorus storage compound in cereals, legumes and oil seeds. In human populations where phytate-rich cereals such as wheat, maize and rice are a staple food, phytate may lead to mineral and trace element deficiency. Zinc appears to be the trace element whose bioavailability is most influenced by PA. Furthermore, several studies in humans as well as in monogastric animals clearly indicate an inhibition of non-haem iron absorption at marginal iron supply due to phytic acid. In fact PA seems to be, at least partly, responsible for the low absorption efficiency and high incidence of iron deficiency anaemia evident in most developing countries, where largely vegetarian diets are consumed Microbial phytases have provided a realistic means of improving mineral availability from traditionally high-phytate diets. In fact it has been consistently shown that Aspergillus phytases significantly enhance the absorption of calcium, magnesium and zinc in pigs and rats. Furthermore there are a few studies in humans indicating an improvement of iron bioavailability due to microbial phytase.

Three applications of the marginal cost of public funds concept

This paper illustrates the use of the marginal cost of public funds concept in three contexts. First, we extend Parry’s (2003) analysis of the efficiency effects excise taxes in the U.K., primarily by incorporating the distortion caused by imperfect competition in the cigarette market and distinguishing between the MCFs for per unit and ad valorem taxes on cigarettes. Our computations show, contrary to the standard result in the literature, that the per unit tax on cigarettes has a slightly lower MCF than the ad valorem tax on cigarettes. Second, we calculate the MCF for a payroll tax in a labour market with involuntary unemployment, using the Shapiro and Stiglitz (1984) efficiency wage model as our framework. Our computations, based on Canadian labour market data, indicate that incorporating the distortion caused by involuntary unemployment raises the MCF by 25 to 50 percent. Third, we derive expressions for the distributionally-weighted MCFs for the exemption level and the marginal tax rate for a “flat tax”, such as the one that has been adopted by the province of Alberta. This allows us to develop a restricted, but tractable, version of the optimal income tax problem. Computations indicate that the optimal marginal tax rate may be quite high, even with relatively modest pro-poor distributional preferences.

Marginal resection for treatment of mandibular osteomyelitis associated with osteopetrosis: Case report

Osteopetrosis (OP) is a rare hereditary disorder characterized by a dysfunction of the osteoclasts that impairs bone resorption, which together with the normal osteoblastic activity forms intense bone sclerosis with reduction of marrow. A common complication that arises, most frequently, as a result of tooth extraction is mandibular osteomyelitis. There is no consensus on the literature about the treatment of this infection in an osteopetrotic patient, therefore, the purpose of this paper is to report a case of marginal resection for treatment of mandibular osteomyelitis in an osteopetrotic patient and discuss relevant features of this procedure. © 2010 European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery.