Estimation of body fatness from body mass index and bioelectrical impedance: comparison of New Zealand European, Maori and Pacific Island children

Objective: To compare percentage body fat (%BF) for a given body mass index (BMI) among New Zealand European, Maori and Pacific Island children. To develop prediction equations based on bioimpedance measurements for the estimation of fat-free mass (FFM) appropriate to children in these three ethnic groups. Design: Cross-sectional study. Purposive sampling of schoolchildren aimed at recruiting three children of each sex and ethnicity for each year of age. Double cross-validation of FFM prediction equations developed by multiple regression. Setting: Local schools in Auckland. Subjects: Healthy European, Maori and Pacific Island children (n = 172, 83 M, 89 F, mean age 9.4 +/- 2.8(s. d.), range 5 - 14 y). Measurements: Height, weight, age, sex and ethnicity were recorded. FFM was derived from measurements of total body water by deuterium dilution and resistance and reactance were measured by bioimpedance analysis. Results: For fixed BMI, the Maori and Pacific Island girls averaged 3.7% lower % BF than European girls. For boys a similar relation was not found since BMI did not significantly influence % BF of European boys ( P = 0.18). Based on bioimpedance measurements a single prediction equation was developed for all children: FFM (kg) = 0.622 height (cm)(2)/ resistance +0.234 weight (kg)+1.166, R-2 = 0.96, s. e. e. = 2.44 kg. Ethnicity, age and sex were not significant predictors. Conclusions: A robust equation for estimation of FFM in New Zealand European, Maori and Pacific Island children in the 5 - 14 y age range that is more suitable than BMI for the determination of body fatness in field studies has been developed. Sponsorship: Maurice and Phyllis Paykel Trust, Auckland University of Technology Contestable Grants Fund and the Ministry of Health.

Latitude gradients in melanoma incidence and mortality in the non-Maori population of New Zealand

The variation with latitude of incidence and mortality for cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) in the non-Maori population of New Zealand was assessed. For those aged 20 to 74 years, the effects of age, time period, birth-cohort, gender, and region (latitude), and some interactions between them were evaluated by log-linear regression methods. Increasing age-standardized incidence and mortality rates with increasing proximity to the equator were found for men and women. These latitude gradients were greater for males than females. The relative risk of melanoma in the most southern part of New Zealand (latitude 44 degrees S) compared with the most northern region (latitude 36 degrees S) was 0.63 (95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 0.60-0.67) for incidence and 0.76 (CI = 0.68-0.86) for mortality, both genders combined. The mean percentage change in CMM rates per degree of latitude for males was greater than those reported in other published studies. Differences between men and women in melanoma risk with latitude suggest that regional sun-behavior patterns or other risk factors may contribute to the latitude gradient observed.

The ancient history of the Maori, his mythology and traditions ...

Text in English and Maori, the Maori having seperate pagination and special title-pages: Ko nga tatai korero whakapapa a te Maori me nga karakia o nehe.

Korero Maori : first lessons in Maori conversation /

Williams, A bibl. of printed Maori to 1900, nos. 411-414, lists 1st-4th eds., and describes later eds. as being reprinted from the 3rd. Does not give an author.

Te Rou; or, The Maori at home. A tale, exhibiting the social life, manners, habits, and customs of the Maori race in New Zealand prior to the introduction of civilisation amongst them.

Mode of access: Internet.

Hawaiki: the original home of the Maori; with a sketch of Polynesian history

Mode of access: Internet.

He himene mo te Karakia ki te Atua. (Hymns in the Maori language)

Mode of access: Internet.

Maori and settler : a story of the New Zealand war /

32 p. of publisher's advertisements at end.

Maori and settler : a story of the New Zealand war /

Mode of access: Internet.

Brighter Britain! or, Settler and Maori in northern New Zealand.

Mode of access: Internet.

The history of One Tree Hill : the volcanic mountain known to the Maori people as 'Manugnakiekie' /

Caption title.

Glimpses of Maori land /

Mode of access: Internet.