L'escola ha de liderar la transició a la societat de la informació : Manuel Castells. 'La escuela ha de liderar la transición a la sociedad de la información : Manuel Castells'.

Entrevista al catedrático de sociología y autor del libro 'La era de la información', Manuel Castells, acerca de los retos educativos que existen en la sociedad de la información.

El concepto de flujos de Manuel Castells, 1986-2009.

La noción de flujos y su relación con la cuestión del poder se introduce como aspecto central de la teoría social de Manuel Castells, y en particular de su teoría de la comunicación, a partir de 1986. En el presente artículo emprendemos, en primer lugar, el estudio de las definiciones centrales del concepto de flujos del sociólogo español, atendiendo a la cuestión de la materialidad de éstos, a los flujos como expresión dominante o de lo dominante, a su lógica relacional, al vínculo entre flujo e información, y finalmente a las fuentes teóricas del concepto. En segundo lugar, analizamos brevemente la referencia a la oposición o bien a la transición de los lugares a los flujos, que es la forma general que adquiere el concepto de flujos al interior de su teoría del espacio dual. Tal recorrido nos permitirá descubrir las operaciones teóricas principales que nuestro autor pone en juego, así como la efectivización de un doble reduccionismo, económico y espacial, sobre la noción de flujos.

Introducción general al concepto de flujos en Manuel Castells [1986-2009]

La noción de flujos y su relación con la cuestión del poder se introduce como aspecto central de la teoría social de Manuel Castells, y en particular de su teoría de la comunicación, a partir de 1986. En primer lugar, en el presente artículo emprendemos el estudio de las definiciones centrales del concepto de flujos, atendiendo a la cuestión de la materialidad de los flujos, a los flujos como expresión dominante o de lo dominante, a su lógica relacional, al vínculo entre flujo e información, y finalmente a las fuentes teóricas del concepto. En segundo lugar, analizamos brevemente la referencia a la oposición o bien a la transición de los lugares a los flujos, que es la forma general que adquiere el concepto de flujos al interior de la teoría del espacio dual. Tal recorrido analítico nos permitirá descubrir las operaciones teóricas principales, los movimientos de cambio conceptual, así como las concepciones generales que despliega nuestro autor a partir del concepto de flujo

La oposición entre la Red y el Yo (1989-2009) : Apuntes sobre una hipótesis sociológica de Manuel Castells

La oposición entre la Red y el Yo es la fórmula principal que propone Manuel Castells a partir de 1989 para sintetizar su visión sobre la dinámica estructural de las sociedades contemporáneas. En la presente ponencia analizamos los aspectos centrales de tal postulado, atendiendo en particular a la relación que establece con la cuestión del poder. La investigación nos permitirá descubrir que dicho vínculo, zigzagueante y desorientador en el plano explícito de su teoría social, promociona una concepción reduccionista y no relacional del poder, sustentada sobre cierto determinismo espacial. En el trabajo también analizamos las lógicas de articulación involucradas en la fórmula, la relación de esta última con las metáforas societales centrales, y finalmente el problema principal que plantea la oposición entre la Red y el Yo: la ruptura de los patrones de comunicación social

Introducción general al concepto de flujos en Manuel Castells [1986-2009]

La noción de flujos y su relación con la cuestión del poder se introduce como aspecto central de la teoría social de Manuel Castells, y en particular de su teoría de la comunicación, a partir de 1986. En primer lugar, en el presente artículo emprendemos el estudio de las definiciones centrales del concepto de flujos, atendiendo a la cuestión de la materialidad de los flujos, a los flujos como expresión dominante o de lo dominante, a su lógica relacional, al vínculo entre flujo e información, y finalmente a las fuentes teóricas del concepto. En segundo lugar, analizamos brevemente la referencia a la oposición o bien a la transición de los lugares a los flujos, que es la forma general que adquiere el concepto de flujos al interior de la teoría del espacio dual. Tal recorrido analítico nos permitirá descubrir las operaciones teóricas principales, los movimientos de cambio conceptual, así como las concepciones generales que despliega nuestro autor a partir del concepto de flujo

La oposición entre la Red y el Yo (1989-2009) : Apuntes sobre una hipótesis sociológica de Manuel Castells

La oposición entre la Red y el Yo es la fórmula principal que propone Manuel Castells a partir de 1989 para sintetizar su visión sobre la dinámica estructural de las sociedades contemporáneas. En la presente ponencia analizamos los aspectos centrales de tal postulado, atendiendo en particular a la relación que establece con la cuestión del poder. La investigación nos permitirá descubrir que dicho vínculo, zigzagueante y desorientador en el plano explícito de su teoría social, promociona una concepción reduccionista y no relacional del poder, sustentada sobre cierto determinismo espacial. En el trabajo también analizamos las lógicas de articulación involucradas en la fórmula, la relación de esta última con las metáforas societales centrales, y finalmente el problema principal que plantea la oposición entre la Red y el Yo: la ruptura de los patrones de comunicación social

Introducción general al concepto de flujos en Manuel Castells [1986-2009]

La noción de flujos y su relación con la cuestión del poder se introduce como aspecto central de la teoría social de Manuel Castells, y en particular de su teoría de la comunicación, a partir de 1986. En primer lugar, en el presente artículo emprendemos el estudio de las definiciones centrales del concepto de flujos, atendiendo a la cuestión de la materialidad de los flujos, a los flujos como expresión dominante o de lo dominante, a su lógica relacional, al vínculo entre flujo e información, y finalmente a las fuentes teóricas del concepto. En segundo lugar, analizamos brevemente la referencia a la oposición o bien a la transición de los lugares a los flujos, que es la forma general que adquiere el concepto de flujos al interior de la teoría del espacio dual. Tal recorrido analítico nos permitirá descubrir las operaciones teóricas principales, los movimientos de cambio conceptual, así como las concepciones generales que despliega nuestro autor a partir del concepto de flujo

La oposición entre la Red y el Yo (1989-2009) : Apuntes sobre una hipótesis sociológica de Manuel Castells

La oposición entre la Red y el Yo es la fórmula principal que propone Manuel Castells a partir de 1989 para sintetizar su visión sobre la dinámica estructural de las sociedades contemporáneas. En la presente ponencia analizamos los aspectos centrales de tal postulado, atendiendo en particular a la relación que establece con la cuestión del poder. La investigación nos permitirá descubrir que dicho vínculo, zigzagueante y desorientador en el plano explícito de su teoría social, promociona una concepción reduccionista y no relacional del poder, sustentada sobre cierto determinismo espacial. En el trabajo también analizamos las lógicas de articulación involucradas en la fórmula, la relación de esta última con las metáforas societales centrales, y finalmente el problema principal que plantea la oposición entre la Red y el Yo: la ruptura de los patrones de comunicación social

Workplace design in the knowledge economy : a case of the NetWorkPlace™©

This thesis explores a way to inform the architectural design process for contemporary workplace environments. It reports on both theoretical and practical outcomes through an exclusively Australian case study of a network enterprise comprised of collaborative, yet independent business entities. The internet revolution, substantial economic and cultural shifts, and an increased emphasis on lifestyle considerations have prompted a radical re-ordering of organisational relationships and the associated structures, processes, and places of doing business. The social milieu of the information age and the knowledge economy is characterised by an almost instantaneous flow of information and capital. This has culminated in a phenomenon termed by Manuel Castells as the network society, where physical locations are joined together by continuous communication and virtual connectivity. A new spatial logic encompassing redefined concepts of space and distance, and requiring a comprehensive shift in the approach to designing workplace environments for today’s adaptive, collaborative organisations in a dynamic business world, provides the backdrop for this research. Within the duality of space and an augmentation of the traditional notions of place, organisational and institutional structures pose new challenges for the design professions. The literature revealed that there has always been a mono-organisational focus in relation to workplace design strategies. The phenomenon of inter-organisational collaboration has enabled the identification of a gap in the knowledge relative to workplace design. This new context generated the formulation of a unique research construct, the NetWorkPlace™©, which captures the complexity of contemporary employment structures embracing both physical and virtual work environments and practices, and provided the basis for investigating the factors that are shaping and defining interactions within and across networked organisational settings. The methodological orientation and the methods employed follow a qualitative approach and an abductively driven strategy comprising two distinct components, a cross-sectional study of the whole of the network and a longitudinal study, focusing on a single discrete workplace site. The complexity of the context encountered dictated that a multi-dimensional investigative framework was required to be devised. The adoption of a pluralist ontology and the reconfiguration of approaches from traditional paradigms into a collaborative, trans-disciplinary, multi-method epistemology provided an explicit and replicatable method of investigation. The identification and introduction of the NetWorkPlace™© phenomenon, by necessity, spans a number of traditional disciplinary boundaries. Results confirm that in this context, architectural research, and by extension architectural practice, must engage with what other disciplines have to offer. The research concludes that no single disciplinary approach to either research or practice in this area of design can suffice. Pierre Bourdieau’s philosophy of ‘practice’ provides a framework within which the governance and technology structures, together with the mechanisms enabling the production of social order in this context, can be understood. This is achieved by applying the concepts of position and positioning to the corporate power dynamics, and integrating the conflict found to exist between enterprise standard and ferally conceived technology systems. By extending existing theory and conceptions of ‘place’ and the ‘person-environment relationship’, relevant understandings of the tensions created between Castells’ notions of the space of place and the space of flows are established. The trans-disciplinary approach adopted, and underpinned by a robust academic and practical framework, illustrates the potential for expanding the range and richness of understanding applicable to design in this context. The outcome informs workplace design by extending theoretical horizons, and by the development of a comprehensive investigative process comprising a suite of models and techniques for both architectural and interior design research and practice, collectively entitled the NetWorkPlace™© Application Framework. This work contributes to the body of knowledge within the design disciplines in substantive, theoretical, and methodological terms, whilst potentially also influencing future organisational network theories, management practices, and information and communication technology applications. The NetWorkPlace™© as reported in this thesis, constitutes a multi-dimensional concept having the capacity to deal with the fluidity and ambiguity characteristic of the network context, as both a topic of research and the way of going about it.

Global journalism investigations in the digital age: Connections and collaborations

Investigative journalists who join what theorist Manuel Castells describes as the ‘network society’ can locate potential news sources using various social media platforms and interview them using Web-based communication technologies. The potential for journalistic investigations involving multi-directional conversations with news sources across the globe is beginning to be explored. Potential news sources who are part of the network society have unprecedented access to specialist investigative reporters irrespective of their location and can speak to them more cost effectively than in the past. This paper explores how new journalism technologies are allowing journalists to call powerful individuals and institutions to account, irrespective of national borders; and how previously silenced individuals are being given a voice. To read an example of international investigative journalism facilitated by a combination of social media, Web-based communications, reporter collaboration and news outlet collaborations see http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/features/churchs-wall-of-silence-on-sexual-abuse/story-e6frg6z6-1226639077238.

La modernización entre cafetales : San José, Costa Rica, 1880-1930

This work examines the urban modernization of San José, Costa Rica, between 1880 and 1930, using a cultural approach to trace the emergence of the bourgeois city in a small Central American capital, within the context of order and progress. As proposed by Henri Lefebvre, Manuel Castells and Edward Soja, space is given its rightful place as protagonist. The city, subject of this study, is explored as a seat of social power and as the embodiment of a cultural transformation that took shape in that space, a transformation spearheaded by the dominant social group, the Liberal elite. An analysis of the product built environment allows us to understand why the city grew in a determined manner: how the urban space became organized and how its infrastructure and services distributed. Although the emphasis is on the Liberal heyday from 1880-1930, this study also examines the history of the city since its origins in the late colonial period through its consolidation as a capital during the independent era, in order to characterize the nineteenth century colonial city that prevailed up to 1890 s. A diverse array of primary sources including official acts, memoirs, newspaper sources, maps and plans, photographs, and travelogues are used to study the initial phase of San Jose s urban growth. The investigation places the first period of modern urban growth at the turn of the nineteenth century within the prevailing ideological and political context of Positivism and Liberalism. The ideas of the city s elite regarding progress were translated into and reflected in the physical transformation of the city and in the social construction of space. Not only the transformations but also the limits and contradictions of the process of urban change are examined. At the same time, the reorganization of the city s physical space and the beginnings of the ensanche are studied. Hygiene as an engine of urban renovation is explored by studying the period s new public infrastructure (including pipelines, sewer systems, and the use of asphalt pavement) as part of the Saneamiento of San José. The modernization of public space is analyzed through a study of the first parks, boulevards and monuments and the emergence of a new urban culture prominently displayed in these green spaces. Parks and boulevards were new public and secular places of power within the modern city, used by the elite to display and educate the urban population into the new civic and secular traditions. The study goes on to explore the idealized image of the modern city through an analysis of European and North American travelogues and photography. The new esthetic of theatrical-spectacular representation of the modern city constructed a visual guide of how to understand and come to know the city. A partial and selective image of generalized urban change presented only the bourgeois facade and excluded everything that challenged the idea of progress. The enduring patterns of spatial and symbolic exclusion built into Costa Rica s capital city at the dawn of the twentieth century shed important light on the long-term political social and cultural processes that have created the troubled urban landscapes of contemporary Latin America.

The Media and the Academic Globalization Debate : Theoretical Analysis and Critique

This study offers a reconstruction and critical evaluation of globalization theory, a perspective that has been central for sociology and cultural studies in recent decades, from the viewpoint of media and communications. As the study shows, sociological and cultural globalization theorists rely heavily on arguments concerning media and communications, especially the so-called new information and communication technologies, in the construction of their frameworks. Together with deepening the understanding of globalization theory, the study gives new critical knowledge of the problematic consequences that follow from such strong investment in media and communications in contemporary theory. The book is divided into four parts. The first part presents the research problem, the approach and the theoretical contexts of the study. Followed by the introduction in Chapter 1, I identify the core elements of globalization theory in Chapter 2. At the heart of globalization theory is the claim that recent decades have witnessed massive changes in the spatio-temporal constitution of society, caused by new media and communications in particular, and that these changes necessitate the rethinking of the foundations of social theory as a whole. Chapter 3 introduces three paradigms of media research the political economy of media, cultural studies and medium theory the discussion of which will make it easier to understand the key issues and controversies that emerge in academic globalization theorists treatment of media and communications. The next two parts offer a close reading of four theorists whose works I use as entry points into academic debates on globalization. I argue that we can make sense of mainstream positions on globalization by dividing them into two paradigms: on the one hand, media-technological explanations of globalization and, on the other, cultural globalization theory. As examples of the former, I discuss the works of Manuel Castells (Chapter 4) and Scott Lash (Chapter 5). I maintain that their analyses of globalization processes are overtly media-centric and result in an unhistorical and uncritical understanding of social power in an era of capitalist globalization. A related evaluation of the second paradigm (cultural globalization theory), as exemplified by Arjun Appadurai and John Tomlinson, is presented in Chapter 6. I argue that due to their rejection of the importance of nation states and the notion of cultural imperialism for cultural analysis, and their replacement with a framework of media-generated deterritorializations and flows, these theorists underplay the importance of the neoliberalization of cultures throughout the world. The fourth part (Chapter 7) presents a central research finding of this study, namely that the media-centrism of globalization theory can be understood in the context of the emergence of neoliberalism. I find it problematic that at the same time when capitalist dynamics have been strengthened in social and cultural life, advocates of globalization theory have directed attention to media-technological changes and their sweeping socio-cultural consequences, instead of analyzing the powerful material forces that shape the society and the culture. I further argue that this shift serves not only analytical but also utopian functions, that is, the longing for a better world in times when such longing is otherwise considered impracticable.

Pluralismo mediático : ¿lobby informativo o diálogo para el consenso?

Resumen: A partir del concepto de “mediocracia” desarrollado por el sociólogo Manuel Castells, con el que explica a los medios como un campo de competición por el poder, la ponencia aborda las dificultades de un pluralismo mediático que, incluyendo las voces de los distintos sectores sociales, configura un sistema de amplificación de monólogos que coexisten paralelamente. En ese marco, se introduce la cuestión de la responsabilidad de componer los intereses particulares de los sectores. Así, se delinea una ética para la gestión de medios dependientes de sectores de interés y para la participación en espacios informativos independientes, que, privilegiando el “escuchar” antes que el “decir”, proponen abandonar la lógica de la conquista de la opinión pública para adoptar la lógica del consenso.

Bruxaria e identidade de projeto: motivações para a adesão ao neopaganismo no Rio de Janeiro

O presente trabalho investiga as motivações para a escolha do neopaganismo como religião por indivíduos de contextos diferenciados na cidade do Rio de Janeiro e adjacências. Foram etnografados rituais e eventos públicos neopagãos na cidade durante o período de 2012 a 2014. Também foram realizadas entrevistas com neopagãos e analisada sua literatura religiosa. A pesquisa concentrou-se, sobretudo, nas atividades e vivências do coven Chuva Vernal, de Wicca Xamânica. Como conclusão sugerem-se duas hipóteses principais sobre quais elementos explicariam a motivação para aderir e permanecer nessa religião: a lógica da distinção, discutida por Simmel, e o conceito, usado por Manuel Castells, de identidade de projeto.

How new online communication tools and the availability of content influence the audiences and the creative process

We live in a changing world. At an impressive speed, every day new technological resources appear. We increasingly use the Internet to obtain and share information, and new online communication tools are emerging. Each of them encompasses new potential and creates new audiences. In recent years, we witnessed the emergence of Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and other media platforms. They have provided us with an even greater interactivity between sender and receiver, as well as generated a new sense of community. At the same time we also see the availability of content like it never happened before. We are increasingly sharing texts, videos, photos, etc. This poster intends to explore the potential of using these new online communication tools in the cultural sphere to create new audiences, to develop of a new kind of community, to provide information as well as different ways of building organizations’ memory. The transience of performing arts is accompanied by the need to counter that transience by means of documentation. This desire to ‘save’ events reaches its expression with the information archive of the different production moments as well as the opportunity to record the event and present it through, for instance, digital platforms. In this poster we intend to answer the following questions: which online communication tools are being used to engage audiences in the cultural sphere (specifically between theater companies in Lisbon)? Is there a new relationship with the public? Are online communication tools creating a new kind of community? What changes are these tools introducing in the creative process? In what way the availability of content and its archive contribute to the organization memory? Among several references, we will approach the two-way communication model that James E. Grunig & Todd T. Hunt (1984) already presented and the concept of mass self-communication of Manuel Castells (2010). Castells also tells us that we have moved from traditional media to a system of communication networks. For Scott Kirsner (2010), we have entered an era of digital creativity, where artists have the tools to do what they imagined and the public no longer wants to just consume cultural goods, but instead to have a voice and participate. The creativity process is now depending on the public choice as they wander through the screen. It is the receiver who owns an object which can be exchanged. Virtual reality has encouraged the receiver to abandon its position of passive observer and to become a participant agent, which implies a challenge to organizations: inventing new forms of interfaces. Therefore, we intend to find new and effective online tools that can be used by cultural organizations; the best way to manage them; to show how organizations can create a community with the public and how the availability of online content and its archive can contribute to the organizations’ memory.