Learning World Models in Environments with Manifest Causal Structure

This thesis examines the problem of an autonomous agent learning a causal world model of its environment. Previous approaches to learning causal world models have concentrated on environments that are too "easy" (deterministic finite state machines) or too "hard" (containing much hidden state). We describe a new domain --- environments with manifest causal structure --- for learning. In such environments the agent has an abundance of perceptions of its environment. Specifically, it perceives almost all the relevant information it needs to understand the environment. Many environments of interest have manifest causal structure and we show that an agent can learn the manifest aspects of these environments quickly using straightforward learning techniques. We present a new algorithm to learn a rule-based causal world model from observations in the environment. The learning algorithm includes (1) a low level rule-learning algorithm that converges on a good set of specific rules, (2) a concept learning algorithm that learns concepts by finding completely correlated perceptions, and (3) an algorithm that learns general rules. In addition this thesis examines the problem of finding a good expert from a sequence of experts. Each expert has an "error rate"; we wish to find an expert with a low error rate. However, each expert's error rate and the distribution of error rates are unknown. A new expert-finding algorithm is presented and an upper bound on the expected error rate of the expert is derived.

Rethinking cognition as the sole basis for determining Criminal Liability under the Manifest Illegality Principle

Olusanya, Olaoluwa, Rethinking cognition as the sole basis for determining Criminal Liability under the Manifest Illegality Principle, In: 'Rethinking International Criminal Law: The Substantive Part', Europa Law Publishing, pp.67-87, 2007. RAE2008

« Interruption du sommeil cabalistique, ou Le devoilement des tableaux de l'antiquité. — La Crisologie chimique, divisée en deux liyres, dans laquelle est monstré et manifesté ce qui a esté caché et voilé par l'antiquité, et dans laquelle toutes difficultés de l'art sont elucidées. — Du Genre de l'or et sa genealogie, avec l'anatomie de l'eau, la genealogie et regeneration du fils du soleil ».

Commençant par : « S'il est vray que le testament soit une atestation de l'esprit et de la volonté... » et finissant par : «... partant soyez content, et louez Dieu » .

Manifest per la coeducació contra la LOCE. 'Manifiesto por la coeducación contra la LOCE'.

Resumen tomado de la revista

El manifest del col.legi Aguamansa en contra dels algoritmes tradicionals de les operacions aritmètiques (ATOA). 'El manifiesto del colegio Aguamansa en contra de los algoritmos tradicionales de las operaciones aritméticas (ATOA)'.

Monográfico con el título: 'Enterrem els algoritmes aritmètics!'. Resumen basado en el de la publicación

Latent or manifest observers : two dichotomous approaches of surveillance in mental health nursing

Background. Surveillance is a central activity among mental health nursing, but it is also questioned for its therapeutic value and considered to be custodial. Aim. The aim of this study was to describe how mental health nurses use different approaches to observe patients in relation to the practice of surveillance in psychiatric nursing care. Methods. In this study, Spradley's twelve-step ethnographic method was used. Results. Mental health nurses use their cultural knowing to observe patients in psychiatric care in various ways. Two dichotomous approaches were identified: the latent and the manifest approach. Discussion. Different strategies and techniques for observing patients are structured along two dichotomies. The underlying relationships between these two different dichotomous positions transform the act of observing into surveillance. This is further developed in a theoretical model called the powerful scheme of observation and surveillance (PSOS).

Portugal: manifest for the republic education or teacher education under scrutiny

Starting from the analysis of a Manifest placed in the World Wide Web in order to gather signatures, the paper discusses the arousal of a wide spread movement of scepticism in the so called Portuguese “civil socie ty” against the overall result of almost forty years of uninterrupted educational reform that has taken place in Portugal since the late sixties and has lead to an increasing percentage of illiteracy and innumeracy. That Manifest is presented as part of a broader movement, deeply rooted in the Portuguese society, and silent so far, which is becoming stronger and has now strength enough to be part of the political agenda. It is also our concern to unveil an emerging trend of blaming sciences of education and badly trained teachers as responsible for the poor outcome of our schooling system.

One-loop N-point superstring amplitudes with manifest d=4 supersymmetry

The hybrid formalism for the superstring is used to compute one-loop amplitudes with an arbitrary number of external d = 4 supergravity states. These one-loop N-point amplitudes are expressed as Koba-Nielsen-like formulas with manifest d = 4 supersymmetry. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier B.V. B.V.

Manifest electromagnetic duality in closed superstring field theory

The free action for massless Ramond-Ramond fields is derived from closed superstring field theory using the techniques of Siegel and Zwiebach. For the uncompactified Type IIB superstring, this gives a manifestly Lorentz-covariant action for a self-dual five-form field strength. Upon compactification to four dimensions, the action depends on a U(1) field strength from 4D N = 2 supergravity. However, unlike the standard Maxwell action, this action is manifestly invariant under the electromagnetic duality transformation which rotates F-mn into epsilon(mnpq)F(pq).

Super-Maxwell actions with manifest duality

Superstring field theory was recently used to derive a four-dimensional Maxwell action with manifest duality. This action is related to the McClain-Wu-Yu Hamiltonian and can be locally coupled to electric and magnetic sources. In this letter, the manifestly dual Maxwell action is supersymmetrized using N = 1 and N = 2 superspace. The N = 2 version may be useful for studying Seiberg-Witten duality. © 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.

Conformal compensators and manifest type IIB S-duality

Using the conformal compensator superfields of N = 2 D = 4 supergravity, the Type IIB S-duality transformations are expressed as a linear rotation which mixes the compensator and matter superfields. The classical superspace action for D = 4 compactifications of Type IIB supergravity is manifestly invariant under this transformation. Furthermore, the introduction of conformal compensators allows a Fradkin-Tseytlin term to be added to the manifestly SL(2,Z)-covariant sigma model action of Townsend and Cederwall. © 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.

Quantization of the superstring with manifest U(5) super-Poincaré invariance

The superstring is quantized in a manner which manifestly preserves a U(5) subgroup of the (Wick-rotated) ten-dimensional super-Poincaré invariance. This description of the superstring contains critical N = 2 worldsheet superconformal invariance and is a natural covariantization of the U(4)-invariant light-cone Green-Schwarz description. © 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.