国产十大功劳属植物的分类学修订

本文通过广泛的标本室研究结合野外实地调查，对十大功劳植物进行全面的形态学性状分析研究，据此对国产十大功劳植物进行分类学修订；还开展了叶表皮形态、孢粉学和分子系统学等方面的研究，并就这些性状在十大功劳属植物中的分类价值以及属下系统发育的关系及意义进行了讨论。结果如下： 1. 形态学特征 在对国内、外18 家标本馆1500 余份标本（包括模式标本）的查阅及40 余个县针对性的野外居群考察基础上，对十大功劳属植物形态性状（包括前人使用过的）的变异式样及其分类学意义进行了分析，并对一些数量性状进行了详细的统计分析。最后确认叶柄长度、小叶形状、小叶宽度、锯齿类型、花梗与苞片的相对长度、苞片和外萼片形状、中萼片与内萼片的相对长度、花序类型、苞片形状、外萼片形状、花瓣顶端是否裂等性状在种内变异稳定，是比较可靠的分类学性状。然后，利用这些可靠的形态学性状对国产十大功劳属下种的范围进行了界定。 2. 叶表皮形态 通过对十大功劳属植物4组12个亚组53 个种及两个其它属近缘植物（Ranzania japonica and Nandina domestrica ）叶表皮特征分别在光镜和电镜下进行观察，光镜下叶表皮细胞形状多为不规则形，少数为近多边形，垂周壁为波状或近平直；电镜下根据叶片下表皮的角质层突起及气孔特征将十大功劳属植物分为10 种类型，气孔都分布于下表皮。叶表皮性状对理解该属的属下系统关系有重要意义。 3. 孢粉学研究 通过对十大功劳属植物4组9个亚组18 个种植物的花粉特征的观察，发现花粉形态在属内变化比较一致，对于讨论属内组间、亚组间和种间的演化关系意义不大。 4. 种子形态 通过对十大功劳属植物4个组9个亚组的24个种及一个相关种Nandina domestica 种子形态特征研究，发现种子形态（特别是种皮纹饰）在十大功劳属内具有重要的系统学意义。根据种皮纹饰（网眼形状、网脊等）可将十大功劳属植物分为9 个类型。 5.分子系统学 在前人的工作基础上增加了15 个种，基于44 种十大功劳植物和6 种小檗属植物ITS 序列分析，显示该属可分成4 大支，基本上支持前人的4个组的划分。但就中国种类而言，尽管有几支能被明显的划分，但总体上组下关系仍不明确。另外，以M.polydonta、M.Longibracteata、M.paucijuga 为主的一支与美洲种类聚在一起，这说明这一支所代表的种类与美洲种类有较近的关系。 6. 分类处理 基于上述研究，我们对国产十大功劳属植物进行了全面的分类学修订。与《中国植物志》相比：发现新分类群2 个，新等级4 个，增加新异名3个，省级新分布1 个，并对4 个种进行了补充及订正描述。并对一些疑难类群进行了充分讨论，最后确认国产十大功劳属植物共包括38 个种，2个亚种。同时基于叶表皮、种子形态、分子序列等证据，对十大功劳属下系统进行了讨论。

Neogene floras and palaeoclimatic estimates from various sites of South-West China

Neogene climates and vegetation history of western Yunnan are reconstructed on the basis of known fossil plants using the Coexistence Approach (CA) and Leaf Margin Analysis (LMA). Four Neogene leaf floras from Tengchong, Jianchuan and Eryuan in southwestern China are analyzed by the CA, and the paleoclimatic data of one Miocene carpoflora from Longling and three Pliocene palynofloras from Longling, Yangyi and Eryuan are used for comparison. The Miocene vegetation of the whole of West Yunnan is subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, and a similar mean annual precipitation is inferred for Tengchong, Longling and Jianchuan. However, by the Late Pliocene a large difference in vegetation occurred between the two slopes of Gaoligong Mountain, western Yunnan. The region of Tengchong retained a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest vegetation, whereas in Yangyi and Eryuan a vertical vegetation zonation had developed, which consists, in ascending order, of humid evergreen broad-leaved, needle and broad-leaved mixed evergreen, and coniferous forests. Distinctively, the Late Pliocene vegetational patterns of West Yunnan were already very similar to those of the present, and the Pliocene mean annual precipitation in Tengchong was markedly higher than that of Yangyi and Eryuan. Considering that the overall vegetation of West Yunnan and the precipitation at Yangyi and Eryuan have undergone no distinct change since the Late Pliocene, we conclude that the Hengduan Mountains on the northern boundary of West Yunnan must have arisen after the Miocene and approached their highest elevation before the Late Pliocene. Furthermore, the fact of the eastern portion of the Tibetan Plateau underwent a slight uplift after the Late Pliocene is also supported.

The late Miocene macroflora of the La Cerdaña Basin, Eastern Pirenees, Spain. Towards a Synthesis

The fossil plant-bearing beds of the Tortonian (late Miocene) intramontane basin of La Cerdanya (Eastern Pyrenees, Catalonia, Spain) have been investigated for more than a century, and 165 species from 12 outcrops have been described in previous publications. The sediments with rich plant fossil assemblages, which correspond to lacustrine diatomitic deposits, contain large numbers of plant remains, mainly leaf compressions and impressions. These assemblages are well preserved, a consequence of the rapid accumulation of plant remains in the sediments of the basin's ancient lake, and the often close proximity of its shores to wetland and upland vegetation. This paper provides a comprehensive taxonomic and nomenclatural review of the historic and new collections of late Miocene macroflora for the La Cerdanya Basin. Examination of the newer materials allowed emendments to be made to the diagnoses ofAbies saportana, Acer pyrenakum,Alnus occidentalis, Quercus hispanka and Tilia vidali provided by REROLLE for the basin at the end of the 19th century. In addition, 24 species of vascular plants are identified for the basin for the first time, including one horsetail, three conifers, 19 arboreal or bushy dicotyledonous angiosperms, and one monocotyledonous angiosperm. Indeed, this is the first time that Cedrela helkonia (UNGER) KNOBLOCH, Decodon sp„ Hedera cf multinervis KOLAKOVSKII, Mahonia cf pseudosimplex KVACEK & WALTHER, Smilax cf. aspera L. vm.fossilis and Ulmus cf. plurinervia UNGER have been recorded anywhere in the Iberian Peninsula. The La Cerdanya Basin plant assemblages of the late Miocene mainly consisted of conifers and deciduous broadleaved taxa of Arctotertiary origin; evergreen Palaeotropical elements were less well represented. This flora is similar to those recorded at coeval sites in northern Greece, northern Italy and central and eastern France. Within the Iberian Peninsula, the late Miocene macroflora reported for the nearby Seu d'Urgell Basin is the most similar.