Citric acid as anti-hydration additive for magnesia containing refractory castables

Magnesia hydration is a key concern in refractory castable processing. The volumetric expansion that follows this reaction can result in cracks or even explosion during the first heating-up. Citric acid (CA) and other chelants can significantly reduce MgO hydration rate in aqueous suspensions by forming an insoluble magnesium citrate protective coating on the magnesia particles` surface. In the present work, the performance of CA as an anti-hydration additive in refractory castables was evaluated by hydration tests, mechanical strength and apparent volumetric expansion (AVE) measurements and thermogravimetry. The results attained have shown that CA effectiveness depends strongly on the amount added and by the interaction with other raw materials in the composition, in particular calcium aluminate cement. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved.

Interface excess and polymorphic stability of nanosized zirconia-magnesia

Controlling the phase stability of ZrO2 nanoparticles is of major importance in the development of new ZrO2-based nanotechnologies. Because of the fact that in nanoparticles the surface accounts for a larger fraction of the total atoms, the relative phase stability can be controlled throughout the surface composition, which can be toned by surface excess of one of the components of the system., The objective of this work is to delineate a relationship between surface excess (or solid solution) of MgO relative to ZrO2 and the polymorphic stability of (ZrO2)(1-x) - (MgO), nanopowders, where 0.0 <= x <= 0.6. The nanopowders were prepared by a liquid precursor method at 500 degrees C and characterized by N-2 adsorption (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy. For pure ZrO2 samples, both tetragonal and monoclinic polymorphs were detected, as expected considering the literature. For MgO molar fractions varying from 0.05 to 0.10, extensive solid solution could not be detected, and a ZrO2 surface energy reduction, caused by Mg surface excess detected by XPS, promoted tetragonal polymorph thermodynamic stabilization with relation to monoclinic. For MgO molar fractions higher than 0.10 and up to 0.40, Mg solid solution could be detected and induced cubic phase stabilization. MgO periclase was observed only at x = 0.6. A discussion based on the relationship between the surface excess, surface energy, and polymorph stability is presented.

The role of the poet in Plato's ideal cities of Callipolis and Magnesia

Plato's attitude toward the poets and poetry has always been a flashpoint of debate, controversy and notoriety, but most scholars have failed to see their central role in the ideal cities of the Republic and the Laws, that is, Callipolis and Magnesia. In this paper, I argue that in neither dialogue does Plato "exile" the poets, but, instead, believes they must, like all citizens, exercise the expertise proper to their profession, allowing them the right to become full-fledged participants in the productive class. Moreover, attention to certain details reveals that Plato harnesses both positive and negative factors in poetry to bring his ideal cities closer to a practical realization. The status of the poet and his craft in this context has rarely to my knowledge been addressed.

Receipt from James Mills, St. Catharines for alcohol, pills and magnesia

Receipt from James Mills, St. Catharines for alcohol, pills and magnesia, June 1, 1887.

Influencia de la alúmina como absorbedor de microondas en la reacción de formación de espinel alúmina-magnesia

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias de la Ingeniería Mecánica con Especialidad en Materiales) UANL

Fusión de magnesia (MgO) en horno de arco eléctrico y su caracterización para la industria refractaria [por] Guadalupe Alan Castillo Rodríguez

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias de Ingeniería Mecánica, con especialidad en Materiales

Estudio de la síntesis de fases Circonato de calcio y Magnesia para su uso en presencia de alcalis a alta temperatura

Tesis ( Maestro en Ciencias de la Ingeniería Mecánica con Especialidad en Materiales) U.A.N.L.

Optimización del proceso de fusión de magnesia (MgO) por horno de arco eléctrico mediante la validación de un modelo matemático [por] Guadalupe Alan Castillo Rodríguez

Tesis (Doctorado en Ingeniería de Materiales) U.A.N.L.

Estudio de propiedades de magnesia sinterizada adicionando nanopartículas de óxido de hierro (Fe?O?), óxido de aluminio (AI?O?) y óxido de silicio (SiO?) para uso en ollas metalúrgicas secundarias.

Tesis (Doctor en Ingeniería de Materiales) UANL, 2013.

Development of zirconia-magnesia/zirconia-yttria composite solid electrolytes

Composite solid electrolytes were prepared by thoroughly mixing ZrO2:8 mol% MgO (Z8Mg) and ZrO(2):3 mol% Y(2)O(3) (Z3Y) ceramic powders followed by pressing and sintering at 1500 degrees C/1 h. The properties of the sintered pellets were studied by X-ray diffraction for evaluation of the structural phases by the Rietveld method, by high-temperature dilatometry for analysis of the thermal shrinkage/expansion behavior, and by impedance spectroscopy for determination of the oxide ion conductivity. The x(Z8Mg)+(1-x)(Z3Y) specimens, x= 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0, are partially stabilized (monoclinic, cubic and tetragonal phases) with density >94% of the theoretical density and show thermal shock resistance and electrical conductivity values suitable for high-temperature oxygen gas detection. One-end closed tube samples of the composite solid electrolytes were assembled in Pt/Z8Mg+Z3Y/Cr+Cr(2)O(3)/Pt electrochemical cells for exposure to different levels of oxygen in the 1-850 ppm range. The total electrical conductivity increases for increasing the relative Z3Y content. Addition of Z3Y to Z8Mg (80 wt.%-20 wt.%) suppresses the electronic contribution to the electrical conductivity at 620 degrees C. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Key features of alumina/magnesia/graphite refractories for steel ladle lining

The corrosion resistance of resin bonded alumina/magnesia/graphite refractories containing different kinds of aggregates were investigated when submitted to the action of slags of several CaO/SiO2 ratios. The laboratory testing was performed by means of the rotary slag attack test. Specifically evaluated was the influence of alumina/carbon ratio and magnesia and silica contents on the refractories corrosion resistance. It was found that this property could be improved by increasing the refractory Al2O3/SiO2 ratio as well as by choosing the appropriate Al2O3/C ratio. © 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.

Grundsätze bei Düngung mit Kalk und Magnesia

VOn Prof. Dr. Oskar Loew

Plastic magnesia,

At head of title: ... Department of commerce. Herbert Hoover, secretary. Bureau of mines. D.A. Lyon, acting director.

Dissertacion physico-chimica mecanico-medica, sobre las excelentes virtudes, recto uso, dosis, y modo de obrar de la magnesia blanca, ò leche de tierra /

Mode of access: Internet.

Experiments and observations on quilled and red Peruvian bark; among which are included some remarkable effects arising from the action of common bark and magnesia upon each other.

Mode of access: Internet.