A novel approach identified the FOLR1 gene, a putative regulator of milk protein synthesis

This study has utilised comparative functional genomics to exploit animal models with extreme adaptation to lactation to identify candidate genes that specifically regulate protein synthesis in the cow mammary gland. Increasing milk protein production is valuable to the dairy industry. The lactation strategies of both the Cape fur seal (Artocephalus pusillus pusillus) and the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) include periods of high rates of milk protein synthesis during an established lactation and therefore offer unique models to target genes that specifically regulate milk protein synthesis. Global changes in mammary gene expression in the Cape fur seal, tammar wallaby, and the cow (Bos taurus) were assessed using microarray analysis. The folate receptor α (FOLR1) showed the greatest change in gene expression in all three species [cow 12.7-fold (n = 3), fur seal 15.4-fold (n = 1), tammar 2.4-fold (n = 4)] at periods of increased milk protein production. This compliments previous reports that folate is important for milk protein synthesis and suggests FOLR1 may be a key regulatory point of folate metabolism for milk protein synthesis within mammary epithelial cells (lactocytes). These data may have important implications for the dairy industry to develop strategies to increase milk protein production in cows. This study illustrates the potential of comparative genomics to target genes of interest to the scientific community.

Incidencia de mosca blanca (Bemisia tabaci Genn) y Picudo (Anthonomus eugenii cano) en cinco genotipos de chile (Capsicum ssp)

Este trabajo se realizó en el período comprendido entre noviembre 2003 y abril 2004, en el área experimental del programa de Recursos Genéticos Nicaragüenses(REGEN), de la Universidad Nacional Agraria, ubicado en el km 12 ½ Carretera Norte con el objetivo de evaluar cinco genotipos de chile (Capsicum ssp.), a la infestación natural de las principales plagas. Los genotipos evaluados fueron CANICA1, CANICA2, ALFILERILLO, DIENTE PERRO Y MIRASOL; se utilizó un diseño de Bloques Completos al Azar (BCA). Las variables evaluadas fueron: incidencia de mosca blanca, incidencia y severidad de virosis, incidencia de picudo,número de frutos por planta, número de frutos anormales y rendimiento (kg ha-1).Para identificar características entre los genotipos, se realizó análisis de varianza y separación de medias (Tukey α=0.05). Los resultados indicaron que para todas las variables evaluadas existen diferencias significativas. El mayor promedio de mosca blanca la obtuvo el genotipo CANICA2 y el menor el genotipo MIRASOL. En cuanto a la incidencia de virosis el menor valor lo presentó CANICA1 y el mayor DIENTE PERRO. El genotipo con mayor severidad por infección viral fue MIRASOL y el menor valor promedio en CANICA1. Para la variable número de frutos por planta, los genotipos MIRASOL y ALFILERILLO promediaron los menores y mayores valores promedio, respectivamente. En cuanto a frutos deformes el menor promedio lo obtuvo CANICA1 y el mayor DIENTE PERRO. Los mayores rendimientos fueron alcanzados por los genotipos DIENTE PERRO (944.4 kg ha-1) y CANICA2 (941 kg ha-1) y el menor valor al genotipo ALFILERILLO con un rendimiento de 368.8 kg ha-1.

1.° M. Pauli Veneti libri tres de conditionibus et consuetudinibus orientalium regionum : interprete Francisco Pipino, Bononiensi, ordinis Fratrum Praedicatorum. — 2.° Epistola Presbyteri Joannis, quam misit Imperatori Frederico Barba-rubea. — 3.° Vita Machometi ; qualiter seduxit Terram sanctam, sive, Ecclesiam Orientalem. — 4.° Gesta Romanorum, sive potiùs, fabulae aniles et insulsae sub nominibus Romanorum Imperatorum. — 5.° Formulae variarum orationum, tam Presbyteri, quàm cujuscumque fidelis. — 6.° Confessio multùm spiritualis, composita per Cardinalem sancti Sixti. — 7.° Decretum Concilii Florentini super unione Graecorum, anno 1439. — 8.° Eugenii, Papae IV. bulla de unione Graecorum ; data eodem anno. — 9.° Ejusdem bulla super reductione Armenorum.

Ludovici de Targny

1.° Excerpta è variis Servii Honorati scriptis ad grammaticam spectantibus. — 2.° Anonymi versus elegiaci in philomelam. — 3.° Beati Eugenii, Episcopi, carmina nonnulla. — 4.° Anonymi commentarius in artem grammaticam Donati. — 5.° Anonymi carmen inscriptum : conflictus veris et hiemis. — 6.° Anonymi grammatica. — 7.° Aenigmata Aldhelmi : finis desideratur.

Colbertinus

1.° Decimi Junii Juvenalis satyrae : tres priores desiderantur. — 2.° Beati Eugenii, Toletani Episcopi, carmina nonnulla. — 3.° Valerii Martialis epigrammata selecta. — 4.° Catulli epithalamium. — 5.° Epigrammata nonnulla. — 6.° Pervigilium Veneris. — 7.° Judicium Coci et Pistoris : judice Vulcano. — 8.° Alia epigrammata. — 9.° Epistola amantis ad amantem. — 10.° Versus de malis aureis, et de libris Virgilii ab asino comesis. — 11.° Versus de tempore et de adventu veris. — 12.° Floridi carmen de aequalitate vitae. — 13.° Anonymi carmen in laudem Solis, et alia carmina. — 14.° Versus ex variis Senecae tragoediis decerpti. — 15.° Versus Eucheriae, Poëtriae. — 16.° Carmen de piscibus, quod in hoc codice Ovidio tribuitur. — 17.° Gratii cynegeticon, sive, fragmentum Gratii quod editum est. — 18.° Damasi, Papae, carmina nonnulla.

Colbertinus, antea Jacobi Augusti Thuani

Implementación de un sistema de cría masiva in vitro de los ectoparasitoides de Anthonomus grandis y Anthonomus eugenii

Tesis (Doctorado en Ciencias Agrícolas con Especialidad en Parasitología) UANL

Differential temporal expression of milk miRNA during the lactation cycle of the marsupial tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii)

Lactation is a key aspect of mammalian evolution for adaptation of various reproductive strategies along different mammalian lineages. Marsupials, such as tammar wallaby, adopted a short gestation and a relatively long lactation cycle, the newborn is immature at birth and significant development occurs postnatally during lactation. Continuous changes of tammar milk composition may contribute to development and immune protection of pouch young. Here, in order to address the putative contribution of newly identified secretory milk miRNA in these processes, high throughput sequencing of miRNAs collected from tammar milk at different time points of lactation was conducted. A comparative analysis was performed to find distribution of miRNA in milk and blood serum of lactating wallaby.

Bulla Eugenii papae IIII de praeferendis naturalibus civitatis, & Dioces. Valentiae in assequutione beneficiorum extraneis [Texto impreso]

Bula datada en Roma en 1435

Guidonis Ferrarii Societatis Jesu De rebus gestis Eugenii Principis a Sabaudia Bello pannonico Libri III = Fatti d'arme di Eugenio in Ungheria /

Mode of access: Internet.

Eugenii Toletani Opera omnia /

Includes bibliographical references (p. [27]-32) and indexes.

An immunomodulator used to protect young in the pouch of the Tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii

Eugenin [pGluGlnAspTyr(SO3)ValPheMetHisProPhe-NH2] has been isolated from the pouches of female Tammar wallabies (Macropus eugenii) carrying young in the early lactation period. The sequence of eugenin has been determined using a combination of positive and negative ion electrospray mass spectrometry. This compound bears some structural resemblance to the mammalian neuropeptide cholecystokinin 8 [AspTyr(SO3)MetGlyTrpMetAspPhe-NH2] and to the amphibian caerulein peptides [caerulein: pGluGlnAspTyr(SO3)ThrGlyTrpMetAspPhe-NH2]. Eugenin has been synthesized by a route which causes only minor hydrolysis of the sulfate group when the peptide is removed from the resin support. Biological activity tests with eugenin indicate that it contracts smooth muscle at a concentration of 10(-9) m, and enhances the proliferation of splenocytes at 10(-7) M, probably via activation of CCK2 receptors. The activity of eugenin on splenocytes suggests that it is an immunomodulator peptide which plays a role in the protection of pouch young.

Reconstruction of the ancestral marsupial karyotype from comparative gene maps

BACKGROUND: The increasing number of assembled mammalian genomes makes it possible to compare genome organisation across mammalian lineages and reconstruct chromosomes of the ancestral marsupial and therian (marsupial and eutherian) mammals. However, the reconstruction of ancestral genomes requires genome assemblies to be anchored to chromosomes. The recently sequenced tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) genome was assembled into over 300,000 contigs. We previously devised an efficient strategy for mapping large evolutionarily conserved blocks in non-model mammals, and applied this to determine the arrangement of conserved blocks on all wallaby chromosomes, thereby permitting comparative maps to be constructed and resolve the long debated issue between a 2n=14 and 2n=22 ancestral marsupial karyotype. RESULTS: We identified large blocks of genes conserved between human and opossum, and mapped genes corresponding to the ends of these blocks by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). A total of 242 genes was assigned to wallaby chromosomes in the present study, bringing the total number of genes mapped to 554 and making it the most densely cytogenetically mapped marsupial genome. We used these gene assignments to construct comparative maps between wallaby and opossum, which uncovered many intrachromosomal rearrangements, particularly for genes found on wallaby chromosomes X and 3. Expanding comparisons to include chicken and human permitted the putative ancestral marsupial (2n=14) and therian mammal (2n=19) karyotypes to be reconstructed. CONCLUSIONS: Our physical mapping data for the tammar wallaby has uncovered the events shaping marsupial genomes and enabled us to predict the ancestral marsupial karyotype, supporting a 2n=14 ancestor. Futhermore, our predicted therian ancestral karyotype has helped to understand the evolution of the ancestral eutherian genome.