NANOPARTICLE REINFORCEMENT OF FERROUS ALLOYS: WETTABILITY AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

El refuerzo de matrices férricascon una fina dispersión de partículas nanométricas permite mejorar la dureza, resistencia mecánica e incluso permitiría mejorar la tenacidad del material al afinar el tamaño de grano.

Characterization of ZnMgO hexagonal-nanotowers/films on m-plane sapphire synthesized by metal organic chemical vapour deposition

ZnMgO hexagonal-nanotowers/films grown on m-plane sapphire substrates were successfully synthesized using a vertical low-pressure metal organic chemical vapour deposition system. The structural and optical properties of the as-obtained products were characterized using various techniques. They were grown along the non-polar [1 0 (1) over bar 0] direction and possessed wurtzite structure. The ZnMgO hexagonal-nanotowers were about 200 nm in diameter at the bottom and 120 nm in length. Photoluminescence and Raman spectra show that the products have good crystal quality with few oxygen vacancies. With Mg incorporation, multiple-phonon scattering becomes weak and broad, and the intensities of all observed vibrational modes decrease. The ultraviolet near band edge emission shows a clear blueshift (as much as 100 meV) and broadening compared with that of pure ZnO products.

Estudo de caso: formulação de custo de um produto de usinagem em uma pequena empresa

Many variables are indirectly involved in the transformation of raw material into a metallurgical industry, such as machine hours, hours of hand labor directly and / or indirect, setup time, etc. This research focuses on the complexity of formulating the cost of metallurgical products, based on a case study, in which one has incurred a large loss on the sale of a product called Punch. The main objective of this work is to define the variables of the cost of members and other metallurgical products, so simplified general, checking what were the failures costing the case studied, in order to help others. The method of formulating cost was determined as recommended by SEBRAE guidance for small businesses. The results showed a loss R$ 13.201,00 in the batch of 15 units of punch. Possible improvements have been identified for reducing the production cost

An analysis of an international fishery: introduction to a fishery management strategy compatible with the fishing sector

Máster en Gestión Sostenible de Recursos Pesqueros

Research and development on the effects of high pressure and temperature on various elements and binary alloys,

"Materials Central, Contract no. 33(616)-5995. Project no. 7351.

Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn nodules recovered from the VA04 expedition (R/V Valdivia) in the Pacific Ocean

Twenty-four manganese nodules from the surface of the sea floor and fifteen buried nodules were studied. With three exceptions, the nodules were collected from the area covered by Valdivia Cruise VA 04 some 1200 nautical miles southeast of Hawaii. Age determinations were made using the ionium method. In order to get a true reproduction of the activity distribution in the nodules, they were cut in half and placed for one month on nuclear emulsion plates to determine the alpha-activity of the ionium and its daughter products. Special methods of counting the alpha-tracks resolution to depth intervals of 0.125 mm. For the first time it was possible to resolve zones of rapid growth (impulse growth) with growth rates, s > 50 mm/106 yr and interruptions in growth. With few exceptions the average rate of growth of all nodules was surprisingly uniform at 4-9 mm/10 yr. No growth could be recognized radioactively in the buried nodules. One exceptional nodule has had recent impulse growth and, in the material formed, the ionium is not yet in equilibrium with its daughter products. Individual layers in one nodule from the Indian Ocean could be dated and an average time interval of t = 2600±400 yr was necessary to form one layer. The alternation between iron and manganese-rich parts of the nodules was made visible by colour differences resulting from special treatment of cut surfaces with HCl vapour. The zones of slow growth of one nodule are relatively enriched in iron. Earlier attempts to find paleomagnetic reversals in manganese nodules have been continued. Despite considerable improvement in areal resolution, reversals were not detected in the nodules studied. Comparisons of the surface structure, microstructure in section and the radiometric dating show that there are erosion surfaces and growth surfaces on the outer surfaces of the manganese nodules. The formation of cracks in the nodules was studied in particular. The model of age-dependent nodule shrinkage and cracking surprisingly indicates that the nodules break after exceeding a certain age and/or size. Consequently, the breaking apart of manganese nodules is a continuous process not of catastrophic or discontinuous origin. The microstructure of the nodules exhibits differences in the mechanism of accretion and accretion rate of material, shortly referred to as accretion form. Thus non-directional growth inside the nodules as well as a directional growth may be observed. Those nodules with large accretion forms have grown faster than smaller ones. Consequently, parallel layers indicate slow growth. The upper surfaces of the nodules, protruding into the bottom water appear to be more prone to growth disturbances than the lower surfaces, immersed in the sediment. Features of some nodules show, that as they develop, they neither turned nor rolled. Yet unknown is the mechanism that keeps the nodules at the surface during continuous sedimentation. All in all, the nodules remain the objects of their own distinctive problems. The hope of using them as a kind of history book still seems to be very remote.

Processing and marketing of fish with special reference to export of pelagic fish and fish products

The paper describes the world tuna fishery, industry and markets and the trends for its future development. The prospects for developing a tuna export industry in Sri Lanka are discussed. Suggestions are given as to products composition, international co-operation and utilization of available processing facilities. The need for industry and export support is stressed, and it is concluded that preparations for the development should start well in time.

Methods of sensory evaluation of quality and application of statistical methods in sensory evaluation problems with special reference to fishery products

The quality of raw and processed fishery products depend on several factors like physiological conditions at the time of capture, morphological differences, rigor mortis, species, rate of icing and subsequent storage conditions. Sensory evaluation is still the most reliable method for evaluation of the freshness of raw processed fishery products. Sophisticated methods like Intelectron fish tester, cell fragility technique and chemical and bacteriological methods like estimation of trimethylamine, hypoxanthine, carbonyl compounds, volatile acid and total bacterial count have no doubt been developed for accessing the spoilage in fish products.

Science and technology of rubber reclamation with special attention to NR-based waste latex products

A comprehensive overview of reclamation of cured rubber with special emphasis on latex reclamation is depicted in this paper. The latex industry has expanded over the years to meet the world demands for gloves, condoms, latex thread, etc. Due to the strict specifications for the products and the unstable nature of the latex as high as 15% of the final latex products are rejected. As waste latex rubber (WLR) represents a source of high-quality rubber hydrocarbon, it is a potential candidate for generating reclaimed rubber of superior quality. The role of the different components in the reclamation recipe is explained and the reaction mechanism and chemistry during reclamation are discussed in detail. Different types of reclaiming processes are described with special reference to processes, which selectively cleave the cross links in the vulcanized rubber. The state-of-the-art techniques of reclamation with special attention on latex treatment are reviewed. An overview of the latest development concerning the fundamental studies in the field of rubber recycling by means of low-molecular weight compounds is described. A mathematical model description of main-chain and crosslink scission during devulcanization of a rubber vulcanizate is also given.

Impact of the Sanitary and Phyto Sanitary Agreement on the Exports of Marine Products from India with Special Reference to Kerala

The present study examines the type of NTMs, especially the quality regulations and safety standards encountered by the marine product exports of Kerala in its major import markets of the EU, the US and Japan. An analysis of whether the safety and quality standards prescribed by these developed countries on the imported fish and fishery products are purely based on risk assessment and scientific evidence or are they erected as disguised barriers to trade is attempted

Impact of the Sanitary and Phyto Sanitary Agreement on the Exports of Marine Products from India with Special Reference to Kerala

Fish and fishery products are regarded as healthy foods and there has been a significant increase in their global trade. Besides that, trade liberalization policies, globalization of food systems and technological innovations have furthered the increase in international trade in fish and fishery products.Fish and fishery product exports have a significant place in the export basket of India. Export earnings of India from fishery products increased from ` 4 crores in 1960-61to ` 12901.47 crores in 2010-11(MPEDA, 2012). The share of export earnings from fish and fishery products as a percentage of total agricultural exports of India increased from a low of 1.76 percent in 1960-61 to a high of 25.06 percent in 1994-95. But its share declined to 16.60 percent in the following year. Though its share in agricultural exports of the country has declined since then, in 2010-11, marine product exports accounted for 9.61 percent of total agricultural exports of India representing a significant share.