Identificación de neospora caninum en materia fecal de 60 caninos en hatos lecheros en el municipio el Rosal, Cundinamarca

Bogotá (Colombia): Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Programa de Medicina Veterinaria

Prevalencia de Helicobacter Pylori por antígeno fecal y factores de riesgo en la población del cantón Cuenca.Año 2003

El conocimiento de la prevalencia del helicobacter en la población y los factores de riesgo para controlar la enfermedad son importantes, para su control y erradicación. Conocer la prevalencia de la bacteria en la población, urbana y rural de la ciudad de Cuenca; y determinar si hay factores de riesgo que favorezcan la propagación de la infección. La prevalencia del Helicobacter en la ciudad de Cuenca - Ecuador, es de 44.9 por ciento, no hay diferencia estadísticamente significativas entre los habitantes del sector urbano 48.3 por ciento y rural 41.6 por ciento, las variables: residencia, [RP; 0.86] género, actividad manual, [RP; 0.98 IC: 0.82-1.24] ingesta de agua potable, [RP; 0.99 IC: 0.68-1.48], no se relacionan con la presencia del antígeno de Helicobacter en materia fecal, por lo que no constituyen un factor de riesgo para contraer la infección, la viariable edad, correlaciona positivamente con la prevalencia de la infección. 1.- La prevalencia del Helicobacter Pylori en el cantón Cuenca-Ecuador, en el año 2003, es del 44.9 por ciento que le ubica como una zona de prevalencia intermedia, menor a la esperada en un país en vías de desarrollo. 2.- No hay diferencias entre habitar en zona urbana y rural para prevalencia del Helicobacter Pylori 4.- La mayor parte de infección por Helicobacter Pylori, se adquiere en la infancia 5.- Las variables género, ingesta de agua potable, ocupación manual, no son factores de riesgo para contraer la infección

Esquema secuencial con moxifloxacina de primera línea en el tratamiento del helicobacter pylori: estudio piloto

INTRODUCCIÓN: El éxito de erradicación del H. pylori con las terapias convencionales ha disminuido a niveles inaceptables. Se buscan óptimos esquemas terapéuticos con excelentes tasas de erradicación. OBJETIVO: Cuantificar los desenlaces clínicos evaluados como efectividad, adherencia y seguridad, de una terapia secuencial de primera línea con Esomeprazol, Moxifloxacina, Amoxicilina y Tinidazol para la erradicación individual del H. pylori. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio prospectivo no controlado, piloto, abierto, único centro. Consecutivamente se incluirán adultos con prueba microbiológica positiva para H. pylori y síntomas dispépticos. Los pacientes recibirán un régimen de tratamiento de 10 días que consistirá los 5 primeros días de (Esomeprazol 40 mg, bd; Amoxicilina 1 g, bd). Del día 6 a 10 (Esomeprazol 40 mg, bd ; Tinidazol 500 mg, bd y Moxifloxacina 500 mg, bd). Se realizará una prueba de antígeno en materia fecal, para evaluar la efectividad terapéutica al menos a las 4 semanas de finalizar el tratamiento. RESULTADOS: 38 de 42 pacientes completaron el estudio. La tasa de erradicación fue de 87% (Intervalo de Confianza (IC) 95% (75,5 – 98,5%) en análisis por protocolo (PP), y 79% (IC) 95% (65 – 93%) en análisis por intención de tratar (ITT). La adherencia al tratamiento fue del 95% (40 pacientes), de los pacientes que ingresaron al estudio 48% presentaron al menos un efecto secundario menor principalmente diarrea y nauseas. CONCLUSIONES: Diez días de terapia secuencial basada en moxifloxacina proporciona tasas de erradicación óptimas, con una buena adherencia y efectos secundarios leves y transitorios.

Nivel de conocimiento de la comunidad sobre celiaquía y su influencia en el diagnóstico

La enfermedad celiaca, es un trastorno producido por una alteración genética a nivel del cromosoma 14; pero para que la enfermedad se manifieste deben estar presentes, en forma simultanea, dos componentes fundamentales: el hereditario por un lado y por otro un externo que se da por el consumo de proteínas tóxicas que se encuentran en algunos alimentos y que son atrofiantes de la mucosa intestinal. Su incidencia varía entre 1 en 300 (Irlanda occidental) y 1 en 5000 nacidos vivos en Suecia. Es una enfermedad en la cual la membrana del intestino delgado o mucosa intestinal, se ha dañado por causa del consumo de alimentos que contienen cereales en su composición como el trigo, la cebada el centeno y posiblemente en la avena por cuestiones de contaminación cruzada, por eso se hace referencia a los alimentos sin TACC, sigla formada por las iniciales de los nombres de estos cereales. En caso de la avena se discute sobre su toxicidad, por que se cree que es menos potente que los demás cereales, cabe destacar que el arroz y el maíz no presentan ningún grado de toxicidad. Los cereales identificados como tóxicos, para el resto de la población son inofensivos, en los celiacos dañan la mucosa intestinal y atrofian las vellosidades del intestino que son como pliegues agrupados en forma dedos que por su intermedio se produce la absorción de los nutrientes de los alimentos. No son los cereales en si los que producen la afección, si no ciertas proteínas que se encuentran en su composición las que se conocen con el nombre de pro láminas tóxicas, las que mencionaremos a continuación según su grado de toxicidad: • del trigo: gliadina • del centeno: secalina • de la cebada: hordeina • de la avena: avenina Lo que provoca estas toxinas, es la mala absorción de lípidos, hidratos de carbono, y en menor grado las proteínas. Esto lleva a una irritación a nivel del intestino, perdida de apetito, diarrea, y en especial esteatorrea que es una diarrea cuyo principal componente en la materia fecal, es la grasa. Una vez introducida la problemática y de acuerdo a los conceptos vertidos que intentan justificar el tema de estudio, se plantea el problema como sigue: ¿Cuál es el nivel de conocimiento sobre celiaquía de las personas que asisten al consultorio de pediatría del Centro de Salud Nº107 del distrito 25 de Mayo, San Rafael durante febrero de 2009, y qué puede aportar enfermería para la detección precoz?

Identificación de los sitios de contaminación en la cadena de producción de tomate y chile jalapeño mediante la determinación de microorganismos indicadores de contaminación fecal y enteropatógenos.

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Acentuación en Microbiología) UANL, 2013.

Utilización de bolsas ANKOM® en la determinación de la digestibilidad de la materia seca in vitro en conejos.

La metodología de digestibilidad in vitro de la materia seca (DMSiv) desarrollada por Ramos et al. (1992) para predecir la digestibilidad de la materia seca y valor nutricional de diferentes alimentos comúnmente utilizados en la alimentación de conejos, ha sido estandarizada y validada por diferentes laboratorios (Villamide et al. 2008 y Carabaño et al. 2008), demostrándose su fiabilidad, reproducibilidad y repetibilidad. Uno de los puntos críticos de las metodologías gravimétricas es la filtración con crisol, ya que las propiedades físicas junto con la composición química de diversas materias primas dificultan este proceso y aumentan la variabilidad en los resultados (Mertens, 2002). Por otra parte la digestión individual de las muestras limita la capacidad de análisis. Con la finalidad de corregir estas limitaciones se propuso como alternativa el uso de bolsas ANKOM ® , ya utilizadas en el análisis secuencial de Van Soest (Kenneth et al., 1999), digeridas colectivamente en un mismo recipiente. Además de la utilización de bolsas, como novedad se incluyó al final de la digestibilidad un lavado adicional de las bolsas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la validez de esta modificación en la digestibilidad in vitro ileal (dos pasos) y fecal (tres pasos)

Digestibilidad fecal aparente de partidas de sorgo con diferentes contenidos de taninos, sometidos a distintas tecnologías de procesamiento en cerdos

Con el objetivo de determinar el aporte en nutrientes digestibles para cerdos de dos tipos de sorgo procesados por distintos métodos, se realizó una prueba de digestibilidad fecal aparente (DFA) con cerdos en recría. Se estudiaron seis dietas: T1: maíz molido (MM); T2: sorgo alto tanino (SAT) molido (SATM); T3: SAT extrusado (SATE); T4: silo de grano húmedo de SAT (SSAT); T5: sorgo de bajo tanino (SBT) molido (SBTM); T6: silo de grano húmedo de SBT (SSBT). Se utilizaron 18 cerdos, tres por tratamiento, con un peso promedio de 36,5 kg, alojados en jaulas de digestibilidad individuales. El periodo experimental comprendió siete días de acostumbramiento y cinco de recolección de heces. Se suministraron dos tomas diarias iguales, de una cantidad de materia seca equivalente el 6 % del peso metabólico corporal. Se realizó recolección total de heces. Se determinó la DFA de materia seca (MS), materia orgánica (MO), proteína cruda (PC) y energía bruta (EB). Se estimó el aporte en base seca de Proteína Digestible y Energía Digestible. Los resultados de DFA de MS, MO, PC y EB, en porcentaje, fueron respectivamente, MM: 90,27; 90,18; 81,65; 89,74; SATM: 89,45; 89,29; 73,31; 88,96; SATE: 90,78; 90,64; 81,94; 91,24; SSAT: 83,58; 83,41; 49,11; 83,22; SBTM: 91,23; 91,09; 72,63; 90,83; SSBT: 93,16; 93,05; 83,55; 92,78. Se concluye que el SBTM, el SSBT y el SATE tienen un valor nutritivo equivalente al maíz.

Evaluating sewage associated JCV and BKV polyomaviruses for sourcing human fecal pollution in a coastal river in Southeast Queensland Australia

In this study, the host-sensitivity and -specificity of JCV and BKV polyomaviruses were evaluated by testing wastewater/fecal samples from nine host groups in Southeast Queensland, Australia. The JCV and BKV polyomaviruses were detected in 48 human wastewater samples collected from the primary and secondary effluent suggesting high sensitivity of these viruses in human wastewater. Of the 81 animal wastewater/fecal samples tested, 80 were PCR negative for this marker. Only one sample from pig wastewater was positive. Nonetheless, the overall host-specificity of these viruses to differentiate between human and animal wastewater/fecal samples was 0.99. To our knowledge, this is the first study in Australia that reports the high specificity of JCV and BKV polyomaviruses. To evaluate the field application of these viruses to detect human fecal pollution, 20 environmental samples were collected from a coastal river. Of the 20 samples tested, 15% and 70% samples exceeded the regulatory guidelines for E. coli and enterococci levels for marine waters. In all, 5 (25%) samples were PCR positive for JCV and BKV indicated the presence of human fecal pollution in the studied river. The results suggest that JCV and BKV detection using PCR could be a useful tool for the identification of human sourced fecal pollution in coastal waters.

Human and bovine adenoviruses for the detection of source-specific fecal pollution in coastal waters in Australia

In this study, the host-specificity and -sensitivity of human- and bovine-specific adenoviruses (HS-AVs and BS-AVs) were evaluated by testing wastewater/fecal samples from various animal species in Southeast, Queensland, Australia. The overall specificity and sensitivity of the HS-AVs marker were 1.0 and 0.78, respectively. These figures for the BS-AVs were 1.0 and 0.73, respectively. Twenty environmental water samples were colleted during wet conditions and 20 samples were colleted during dry conditions from the Maroochy Coastal River and tested for the presence of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), host-specific viral markers, zoonotic bacterial and protozoan pathogens using PCR/qPCR. The concentrations of FIB in water samples collected after wet conditions were generally higher compared to dry conditions. HS-AVs was detected in 20% water samples colleted during wet conditions and whereas BS-AVs was detected in both wet (i.e., 10%) and dry (i.e., 10%) conditions. Both, C. jejuni mapA and Salmonella invA genes were detected in 10% and 10% of samples, respectively collected during dry conditions. The concentrations of Salmonella invA ranged between 3.5 × 102 to 4.3 × 102 genomic copies per 500 ml of water G. lamblia β-giardin gene was detected only in one sample (5%) collected during the dry conditions. Weak or significant correlations were observed between FIB with viral markers and zoonotic pathogens. However, during dry conditions, no significant correlations were observed between FIB concentrations with viral markers and zoonotic pathogens. The prevalence of HS-AVs in samples collected from the study river suggests that the quality of water is affected by human fecal pollution and as well as bovine fecal pollution. The results suggest that HS-AVs and BS-AVs detection using PCR could be a useful tool for the identification of human sourced fecal pollution in coastal waters.

Repeat participation in colorectal cancer screening utilizing fecal occult blood testing : a community-based project in a rural setting

Background and Aim: To investigate participation in a second round of colorectal cancer screening using a fecal occult blood test (FOBT) in an Australian rural community, and to assess the demographic characteristics and individual perspectives associated with repeat screening. ---------- Methods: Potential participants from round 1 (50–74 years of age) were sent an intervention package and asked to return a completed FOBT (n = 3406). Doctors of participants testing positive referred to colonoscopy as appropriate. Following screening, 119 participants completed qualitative telephone interviews. Multivariable logistic regression models evaluated the association between round-2 participation and other variables.---------- Results: Round-2 participation was 34.7%; the strongest predictor was participation in round 1. Repeat participants were more likely to be female; inconsistent screeners were more likely to be younger (aged 50–59 years). The proportion of positive FOBT was 12.7%, that of colonoscopy compliance was 98.6%, and the positive predictive value for cancer or adenoma of advanced pathology was 23.9%. Reasons for participation included testing as a precautionary measure or having family history/friends with colorectal cancer; reasons for non-participation included apathy or doctors’ advice against screening.---------- Conclusion: Participation was relatively low and consistent across rounds. Unless suitable strategies are identified to overcome behavioral trends and/or to screen out ineligible participants, little change in overall participation rates can be expected across rounds.

Fecal indicators and bacterial pathogens in bottled water from Dhaka, Bangladesh

Forty-six bottled water samples representing 16 brands from Dhaka, Bangladesh were tested for the numbers of total coliforms, fecal indicator bacteria (i.e., thermotolerant Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp.) and potential bacterial pathogens (i.e., Aeromonas hydrophil, Pseudomonas aeruginos, Salmonella spp., and Shigella spp.). Among the 16 brands tested, 14 (86%), ten (63%) and seven (44%) were positive for total coliforms, E. coil and Enterococcus spp., respectively. Additionally, a further nine (56%), eight (50%), six (37%), and four (25%) brands were PCR positive for A. hydrophila lip, P. aeruginosa ETA, Salmonella spp. invA, and Shigella spp. ipaH genes, respectively. The numbers of bacterial pathogens in bottled water samples ranged from 28 ± 12 to 600 ± 45 (A. hydrophila lip gene), 180 ± 40 to 900 ± 200 (Salmonella spp. invA gene), 180 ± 40 to 1,300 ± 400 (P. aeruginosa ETA gene) genomic units per L of water. Shigella spp. ipaH gene was not quantifiable. Discrepancies were observed in terms of the occurrence of fecal indicators and bacterial pathogens. No correlations were observed between fecal indicators numbers and presence/absence of A. hydrophila lip (p = 0.245), Salmonella spp. invA (p = 0.433), Shigella spp. ipaH gene (p = 0.078), and P. aeruginosa ETA (p = 0.059) genes. Our results suggest that microbiological quality of bottled waters sold in Dhaka, Bangladesh is highly variable. To protect public health, stringent quality control is recommended for the bottled water industry in Bangladesh. Key words: bottled water, fecal indicator bacteria, quantitative PCR, bacterial pathogens, public health risk.

Effect of Dietary Unsaturated Oils on the Biosynthesis of Cholesterol, and on Biliary and Fecal Excretion of Cholesterol and Bile Acids in Rats1

The aim of the present work was to investigate whether the hypocholesterolemic effect of polyunsaturated oils is due to inhibition of cholesterol synthesis or increased excretion of cholesterol and bile acids through the bile and feces of animals. Separate groups of rats were fed diets containing 10% safflower oil, coconut oil or hydrogenated vegetable oils for 30 days, after which the hepatic cholesterol and bile acid synthesis and their excretion through the bile and feces were studied. As compared to the rats in the other two groups, those given the diet containing 10% safflower oil showed markedly increased rates of bile flow and excreted through their bile and feces markedly higher amounts of cholesterol and bile acids. At the same time incorporation of [1-14C] acetate and [2-14C] mevalonate into the liver cholesterol and conversion of [4-14C] cholesterol into 14C-bile acids were also higher in the same rats. In the light of these observations it has been discussed that in the animals given polyunsaturated oils, biliary and fecal loss of cholesterol and bile acids far outweighs the activation of cholesterol synthesis and thereby effectively lowers the serum cholesterol levels.

Prediction of estrus cyclicity in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) through estimation of fecal progesterone metabolite: development of an enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay

Asian elephants (Dephas maximus), prominent ``flagship species'', arelisted under the category of endangered species (EN - A2c, ver. 3.1, IUCN Red List 2009) and there is a need for their conservation This requires understanding demographic and reproductive dynamics of the species. Monitoring reproductive status of any species is traditionally being carried out through invasive blood sampling and this is restrictive for large animals such as wild or semi-captive elephants due to legal. ethical, and practical reasons Hence. there is a need for a non-invasive technique to assess reproductive cyclicity profiles of elephants. which will help in the species' conservation strategies In this study. we developed an indirect competitive enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) to estimate the concentration of one of the progesterone-metabolites i.e, allopregnanolone (5 alpha-P-3OH) in fecal samples of As elephants We validated the assay which had a sensitivity of 0.25 mu M at 90% binding with an EC50 value of 1 37 mu M Using female elephants. kept under semi-captive conditions in the forest camps of Mudumalar Wildlife Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu and Bandipur National Park, Karnataka, India. we measured fecal progesterone-metabolite (5 alpha-P-3OH) concentrations in six an and showed their clear correlation with those of scrum progesterone measured by a standard radio-immuno assay. Statistical analyses using a Linear Mixed Effect model showed a positive correlation (P < 0 1) between the profiles of fecal 5 alpha-P-3OH (range 0 5-10 mu g/g) and serum progesterone (range: 0 1-1 8 ng/mL) Therefore, our studies show, for the first time, that the fecal progesterone-metabolite assay could be exploited to predict estrus cyclicity and to potentially assess the reproductive status of captive and free-ranging female Asian elephants, thereby helping to plan their breeding strategy (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc.All rights reserved.

Assessment of estrus cyclicity in the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) by measurement of fecal progesterone metabolite 5 alpha-P-3OH, using a non-invasive assay

Reproductive management of the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) is important for its conservation. To monitor its estrous cyclicity, we earlier used an indirect ELISA to show that levels of fecal progesterone (P(4))-metabolite (allopregnanolone: 5 alpha-P-3OH) in semi-captive females sampled randomly positively correlated with serum P(4) levels [12]. In this longitudinal study (51 weeks), we measured levels of fecal 5 alpha-P-3OH and serum P(4) in seven semi-captive female elephants. Females exhibited three types of hormonal profiles. Four females showed cyclical patterns of fecal 5 alpha-P-3OH and serum P(4) typical of normal estrous cycles, two showed acyclic pattern while one showed high values indicative of a pregnant animal. Values for anestrous or follicular phases were <= 0.3 mu g g(-1), (5 alpha-P-3OH) and <= 0.3 ng mL(-1) (P(4)); for luteal phase 0.32-11.09 mu g g(-1) (5 alpha-P-3OH) and 0.32-1.48 ng mL(-1) (P(4)); for pregnancy 1.41-7.38 mu g g(-1) (5 alpha-P-3OH) and 0.39-1.6 ng mL(-1) (R(4)). A positive correlation (t = 8.8, p < 0.01, n = 321) between levels of fecal 5 alpha-P-3OH and serum P4 was observed. A random sample of 30 free-ranging female elephants showed fecal 5 alpha-P-3OH values of 0.06-23.4 mu g g(-1), indicating them to be in different stages of estrous cyclicity. This study is the first to assess the reproductive phases of female Asian elephants based on the correlative-patterns of both the fecal 5 alpha-P-3OH and serum P(4) values over multiple estrous cycles. This has a potential application in the reproductive management and conservation of Asian elephants. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.