Ontogenia dos nectários extraflorais de Triumfetta semitriloba (tiliaceae)

Triumfetta semitriloba é uma planta daninha que apresenta nectários florais e extraflorais, sendo os últimos visitados por formigas que protegem a planta do ataque de insetos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo descrever a ontogenia dos nectários extraflorais de T. semitriloba. Para isso, amostras de nectários em quatro estádios de desenvolvimento foram obtidas de plantas adultas, sendo o material submetido às técnicas usuais de obtenção de lâminas permanentes. Os nectários iniciam o seu desenvolvimento precocemente, com o surgimento de uma concavidade voltada para a face adaxial. Posteriormente, células protodérmicas dão origem a tricomas nectaríferos clavados, e subjacente se desenvolve um parênquima nectarífero vascularizado por floema e xilema, características comuns em nectários encontrados entre as Malvales. As células da cabeça dos tricomas nectaríferos apresentam vacúolos com compostos fenólicos, que possivelmente desempenham papel ecológico. Plastídios não ocorrem nos tricomas e são inconspícuos no parênquima nectarífero, o que possivelmente indica a sua importância secundária na secreção do néctar. O nectário senescente apresenta relativamente menos tricomas nectaríferos, que são penetrados por hifas de fungos que recobrem a concavidade nesse estádio. Para entendimento dos processos de secreção e eliminação do néctar, são necessários estudos ao microscópio eletrônico de transmissão.

An approach to chemotaxonomy to the fatty acid content of some Malvaceae species

Malvales is an order of flowering plants with a controversial circumscription. The relationships between taxa, particularly Malvaceae, Bombacaceae, Sterculiaceae, and Tiliaceae, are not well delineated. Several studies have reported the fatty acid compositions of Malvaceae plants but not for taxonomic purposes. In the present study, the fatty acid composition of oilseeds from seven species belonging to the Malvaceae family was determined by capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and the quantitative distribution of fatty acids was analyzed by a cluster analysis With Euclidean Distance and UPGMA. The oil content in the seeds was very low (8.3-11.8%). The profile of fatty acids showed that there were two distinct groups: species rich in palmitic acid (Herissantia tiubae, Sidastrum paniculatum and Sida rhombifolia) and species rich in linoleic acid (other Sida species). The fatty acid profiles found for Sida species are consistent with other reported data. Although our data support a distinction between Sida and Sidastrum, more species should be analyzed to evaluate the real taxonomic value of differences in fatty acid content for distinguishing Malvaceae. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Phylogenetic Analyses of Eriotheca and Related Genera (Bombacoideae, Malvaceae)

Molecular and morphological data have shown that Bombacoideae and Malvoideae together form a well-supported Malvatheca clade. Phylogenetic relationships in Bombacoideae have been studied, but some genera in Bombax s. I. have not been adequately sampled for sufficiently variable molecular markers. The relationships of Eriotheca, for example, have yet to be resolved. Here, nuclear (ITS) and chloroplast (trnL-Fand matK) sequence data from 50 exemplars of Bombacoideae and seven additional taxa from other genera of Malvatheca were used to test monophyly of Eriotheca and its relationships with related genera of Bombax s. I. Parsimony and Bayesian analyses of individual and combined sequence data suggest that Eriotheca is not monophyletic as currently circumscribed but forms a paraphyletic grade containing Pachira s. 1. The newly discovered Eriotheca + Pachira clade has a probable synapomorphy of striate seeds. In addition, two other moderately supported clades emerged within the core Bombacoideae: Pseudobombax + Ceiba s. 1. and Bombax + Spirotheca + Pachira quinata. These three clades, and the African Rhodognaphalon together constitute the major clade of core Bombacoideae, whereas Adansonia appears to be more closely related to Catostemma, Scleronema, and Cavanillesia. The phylogenetic results imply three independent migrations from the New to Old World and homoplasy in staminal morphology.

Homomorphic self-incompatibility, with stylar rejection site, in Luehea grandiflora Mart. and Zucc. (Tiliaceae-Malvaceae s.l.)

The breeding system of Luehea grandiflora (Tiliaceae-Malvaceae s.l.) was investigated using hand pollinations and fluorescence microscopy studies of pollen tube growth. Although selfed flowers persisted for some 10 days, our study indicates that L. grandiflora is self-incompatible, with self pollen tube inhibition in the upper style, as occurs in many taxa with homomorphic, gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI). L. grandiflora is only the second species reported within the Malvales with homomorphic stylar inhibition. This result is discussed within the context of a report for self-compatibility in this species, and we also consider the phylogenetic implications for the occurrence of GSI in the family Malvaceae s.l.

The Lynn index : a bibliography of phytochemistry /

v. 1. Order, Centrospermae.--v. 2. Order, Malvales.--v. 3. Order, Scitamineae. Order, Microspermae.--v. 4. Order, Glumiflorae.--v. 5. Order, Plantaginales. Order, Rubiales.--v. 6. Order, Tubiflorae.--v. 7. Order, Pandanales. Order, Helobiae.--v. 8. Order, Proteales. Order, Santalales. Order, Aristolochiales. Order, Polygonales. Order, Ranales. Order, Parietales. Order, Opuntiales. Order, Myrtiflorae.

A galloylated cyanogenic glycoside from the Australian endemic rainforest tree Elaeocarpus sericopetalus (Elaeocarpaceae)

A cyanogenic glycoside -6'-O-galloylsambunigrin - has been isolated from the foliage of the Australian tropical rainforest tree species Elaeocarpus sericopetalus F. Muell. (Elaeocarpaceae). This is the first formal characterisation of a cyanogenic constituent in the Elaeocarpaceae family, and only the second in the order Malvales. 6'-O-galloylsambunigrin was identified as the principal glycoside, accounting for 91% of total cyanogen in a leaf methanol extract. Preliminary analyses indicated that the remaining cyanogen content may comprise small quantities of sambunigrin, as well as di- and tri-gallates of sambunigrin. E. sericopetalus was found to have foliar concentrations of cyanogenic glycosides among the highest reported for tree leaves, up to 5.2 mg CN g(-1) dry wt. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.