"As you receive with one hand, so should you give with the other": the mutual-help practices of Cape Verdeans on the Lisbon periphery”

Rural Cape Verdeans employ a number of mutual-help practices to mitigate the uncertainties surrounding activities fundamental to their subsistence. One of these practices is djunta mon (‘to work together’), a loosely planned, non-monetized system of allocating labor at peak intervals during the growing season. By means of djunta mon, neighbors or family members work in each other’s fields until the tasks of every landowning participant are complete. Alongside djunta mon in rural Cape Verde exist a number of other non-remunerated mutual-help practices, such as djuda mutua (‘mutual help’) and laja kaza (‘to add concrete to one’s house’). While less visible than djunta mon, they are nonetheless important in completing tasks essential to rural life in the islands. In this thesis, I will attempt to show how Cape Verdean immigrants in Lisbon have adapted the mutual-help practices of rural Cape Verde to a new, transnational context. The iterations of these practices in Lisbon differ from their rural counterparts in that they involve fewer people, occur on a year-round basis, and are concerned primarily with domestic work. They also help people find employment, access childcare, secure interest-free credit, and construct or repair houses. I will argue that extensive mutual-help ties ensure Cape Verdean migrants in Lisbon a sufficient pool of family and friends upon which they can rely for support and assistance. An additional element I will explore is the perception among Cape Verdean immigrants that these mutual-help practices seem to be occurring with less frequency. While this shift is in part due to the availability of other means of support, I will contend that the changing attitude of Cape Verdeans towards mutual help is also due to their encountering neoliberal notions of ‘self-accountability.’ Thus, Cape Verdeans perceive that their mutual-help practices are in decline, while simultaneously needing the material support that they provide.

Perceptions of twelve-step mutual-help groups and their associations with motivation, treatment attendance and alcohol outcomes among chronically homeless individuals with alcohol problems.

BACKGROUND: Twelve-step mutual-help groups (TMGs) are among the most available forms of support for homeless individuals with alcohol problems. Qualitative research, however, has suggested that this population often has negative perceptions of these groups, which has been shown to be associated with low TMG attendance. It is important to understand this population's perceptions of TMGs and their association with alcohol outcomes to provide more appropriate and better tailored programming for this multiply affected population. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to (a) qualitatively examine perception of TMGs in this population and (b) quantitatively evaluate its association with motivation, treatment attendance and alcohol outcomes. METHODS: Participants (N=62) were chronically homeless individuals with alcohol problems who received single-site Housing First within a larger evaluation study. Perceptions of TMGs were captured using an open-ended item. Quantitative outcome variables were created from assessments of motivation, treatment attendance and alcohol outcomes. RESULTS: Findings indicated that perceptions of TMGs were primarily negative followed by positive and neutral perceptions, respectively. There were significant, positive associations between perceptions of TMGs and motivation and treatment attendance, whereas no association was found for alcohol outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Although some individuals view TMGs positively, alternative forms of help are needed to engage the majority of chronically homeless individuals with alcohol problems.

Good talking and good manners : fine arts, with a paper on the social law of mutual help and the labor problem /

Mode of access: Internet.

La méthadone permet-elle de sortir du monde de la drogue? : points de vue de personnes inscrites aux programmes de substitution

Deux paradigmes se côtoient dans le traitement de la dépendance au Québec. Tout d’abord, il y a le paradigme de l’abstinence avec un modèle d’intervention souvent basé sur les Alcooliques Anonymes. Avec ce modèle, l’alcoolisme (ou la toxicomanie) est défini comme une maladie. En ce qui a trait à la réduction des méfaits, cette dernière vise la réduction des effets néfastes de l’usage de drogues plutôt que l’élimination de leur usage (Brisson, 1997). Nous nous sommes intéressés à une intervention inscrite dans ce paradigme soit le programme de substitution à la méthadone. Cette étude avait comme but de connaître les perceptions de personnes inscrites à ce programme, comprendre comment est vécu le rétablissement à travers la participation au programme et connaître les perceptions de ces personnes en ce qui a trait aux conséquences de la dépendance. Un cadre théorique s’inscrivant dans la perspective de l’interactionnisme symbolique a été choisi. Plus précisément, les processus de transformations normatives de Maria Caiata Zufferey, la théorie de l’étiquetage d’Howard Becker et le concept de stigmate d’Erving Goffman ont été retenus. Ensuite, dix entrevues semi-dirigées auprès d’hommes et de femmes majeures inscrites à un programme de substitution à la méthadone ont été réalisées. En ce qui a trait au chapitre portant sur les résultats, il a mis en lumière différents rapports à la méthadone vécus par les participants. Pour ce faire, trois figures construites à l’aide de l’analyse typologique ont été développées. Il ressort que pour certaines personnes, la méthadone fut décrite comme un substitut nécessaire, pour d’autres, elle correspondait à une aide dont ils veulent se débarrasser et pour une minorité, elle suscitait de l’ambivalence. En définitive, bien que la substitution demeure le traitement de choix pour la dépendance aux opioïdes, il est difficile de parler de sortie du monde de la drogue à l’aide de la méthadone puisque ce traitement apparaît comme étant presque aussi stigmatisé que la dépendance à l’héroïne (Lauzon, 2011). À première vue, la méthadone permet de prendre une distance avec le monde de la drogue (l’argent facile, les vols, la prostitution) et permet de se reconstruire une existence sur la base de repères stables, mais à bien considérer les choses, elle confine les personnes interrogées dans une situation d’ambivalence puisqu’elle les rattache à une identité de toxicomane. Mots-clés : dépendance, programme de substitution à la méthadone, perception, participant, réduction des méfaits, stigmatisation.

A experiência da mudança: de Gregory Bateson aos alcoólicos anônimos

Mudança de comportamento: eis um fenômeno que suscita dúvidas, polêmicas e toda sorte de questionamentos. Por que ele se dá, por que não se dá, como fazer para que ocorra, como compreendê-la quando se dá de forma autônoma - essas são perguntas presentes na prática de muitos profissionais e no dia a dia mesmo das pessoas. Algumas destas perguntas fazem parte deste estudo, que tem como objetivo examinar o processo de mudança de comportamento diante de uma situação problemática. Para isso,tomaremos como base teórica os pressupostos oferecidos pela epistemologia ecossistêmica de Bateson, visto que esta se apresenta como uma perspectiva fértil para a compreensão dos fenômenos ao encará-los sob um ponto de vista relacional. A dinâmica da mudança será investigada a partir de experiências de membros de grupos AA relatadas em entrevistas. A razão pela qual escolhemos falar do tema a que nos propomos através da situação específica do alcoolismo e daqueles que passam a frequentar o AA deve ser clarificada. Sendo a síndrome de dependência do álcool uma condição que traz problemas de grande gravidade àqueles que a apresentam, e sendo o AA uma forma de tratamento que tem se mostrado muito eficaz, ambos merecem ser investigados, pois podem trazer luz à compreensão do processo de mudança. E é a isto que nos propomos neste estudo. Mais que apresentar conclusões fechadas, desejamos abrir caminhos a questionamentos sobre a mudança, sobre o alcoolismo e a prática do AA, a qual parece oferecer uma sistemática para aquilo que a visão teórica ecossistêmica apresenta.

O trabalho com grupos no programa saúde da família na perceção dos pacientes participantes: criando redes de ajuda e construindo cidadania

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Role of Two Clusters of Male Alcoholics in Treatment Retention

Aims: This study aimed to classify alcohol-dependent outpatients on the basis of clinical factors and to verify if the resulting types show different treatment retention. Methods: The sample comprised 332 alcoholics that were enrolled in three different pharmacological trials carried out at Sao Paulo University, Brazil. Based on four clinical factors problem drinking onset age, familial alcoholism, alcohol dependence severity, and depression - K-means cluster analysis was performed by using the average silhouette width to determine the number of clusters. A direct logistic regression was performed to analyze the influence of clusters, medication groups, and Alcoholics Anonymous ( AA) attendance in treatment retention. Results: Two clusters were delineated. The cluster characterized by earlier onset age, more familial alcoholism, higher alcoholism severity, and less depression symptoms showed a higher chance of discontinuing the treatment, independently of medications used and AA attendance. Participation in AA was significantly related to treatment retention. Discussion: Health services should broaden the scope of services offered to meet heterogeneous needs of clients, and identify treatment practices and therapists which improve retention. Information about patients' characteristics linked to dropout should be used to make treatment programs more responsive and attractive, combining pharmacological agents with more intensive and diversified psychosocial interventions. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel

Comparing topiramate with naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol dependence

To compare the efficacy of topiramate with naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol dependence. The investigation was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 12-week study carried out at the University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. A total of 155 patients, 18-60 years of age, with an International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) diagnosis of alcohol dependence. After a 1-week detoxification period, patients were assigned randomly to receive topiramate (induction to 300 mg/day), naltrexone (50 mg/day) or placebo. Time to first relapse (consumption of > 60 g ethyl alcohol), cumulative abstinence duration and weeks of heavy drinking. In intention-to-treat analyses, topiramate was statistically superior to placebo on a number of measures including time to first relapse (7.8 versus 5.0 weeks), cumulative abstinence duration (8.2 versus 5.6 weeks), weeks of heavy drinking (3.4 versus 5.9) and percentage of subjects abstinent at 4 weeks (67.3 versus 42.6) and 8 weeks (61.5 versus 31.5), but not 12 weeks (46.2 versus 27.8). Results remained significant after controlling for Alcoholics Anonymous attendance, which was higher in topiramate than in other groups. There were no significant differences between naltrexone versus placebo or naltrexone versus topiramate groups, but naltrexone showed trends toward inferior outcomes when compared to topiramate. The results of this study support the efficacy of topiramate in the relapse prevention of alcoholism. Suggestive evidence was also obtained for superiority of topiramate versus naltrexone, but this needs to be verified in future research with larger sample sizes.

Ultrapassando as dificuldades da dislexia através da arte

Resumo: A intervenção em crianças disléxicas nem sempre é fácil uma vez que, à partida, serão crianças desmotivadas por insucessos repetidos, complexos de inferioridade, timidez, baixa autoconfiança e auto-estima, com pouca capacidade de atenção e concentração. A família, a escola e a sociedade em geral têm um papel decisivo, não deverão exigir nem impor metas complicadas, adaptando sempre uma postura de compreensão da criança. A criança disléxica aprende num ritmo diferente, como tal, precisa que a escola adeqúe as suas práticas educativas tendo em conta as suas características e especificidades. Pretende-se com este trabalho aprofundar conhecimentos sobre a temática da dislexia e sua aplicação, dentro da sala de aula, na disciplina Educação Visual e Tecnológica, numa turma do 2º Ciclo do Ensino Básico que inclui uma aluna considerada disléxica. Começámos por caracterizar a turma, a aluna e os contextos envolventes em que as mesmas se inserem, seguidamente fez-se uma intervenção estruturada, a longo e curto prazo, numa dinâmica de planificação, acção e reflexão, numa perspectiva de educação inclusiva, com práticas educativas cooperativas e diferenciadas. Ao longo das sessões de trabalho, a turma teve a oportunidade de se manifestar nas assembleias de turma, na negociação das actividades, de trabalhar em pares, em grande e pequeno grupo, criando desta forma um clima de inter-ajuda e de cooperação na sala de aula, funcionando com as duas professoras da disciplina, partilhando momentos de aprendizagem e socialização de saberes. A aluna considerada disléxica passou a interagir na turma com os colegas, de forma positiva, e estes com ela. As suas dificuldades foram superadas com a ajuda dos colegas, partilhando os seus saberes, dúvidas e experiências. Foi uma experiência positiva para o grupo, para a aluna e para as professoras da turma. Abstract: The intervention in dyslexic children is not always easy from the start, a priori, children will be discouraged by repeated failures, inferiority complexes, shyness, low selfconfidence and self- esteem, with little attention span and concentration. The family, school and society in general have a decisive role, should not require or impose complicated goals, always adapting an attitude of understanding of the child. The dyslexic children learn at a different pace, as such, requires the school to adjust its educational practices in view of their characteristics and specificities. The aim of this work to deepen knowledge on the subject of dyslexia and its application in the classroom, Visual and Technological Education as the subject, in a class of the 2nd Cycle of Basic Education that includes a student considered dyslexic. We have began by characterizing the class, the student and the surrounding contexts in which they are involved, then became a structured intervention in the long and short term, in order of creating a dynamic planning, action and reflection, with a inclusive education perspective, with cooperative practical education and differentiated. During the work seasons, the class had the opportunity to express themselves in class meetings, the negotiation activities, working in pairs, in large and small groups, thus creating a climate of mutual help and cooperation in the classroom, working with two teachers of the subject, sharing moments of learning and socialization of knowledge. The student consider as dyslexic has started to interact in the class with the colleagues in a positive way, and they with her. Their difficulties were overcome with the help of colleagues, sharing their knowledge, doubts and experiences. It was a positive experience for the group, to the student and the teachers of the class.

O Papel do educador enquanto promotor de comportamentos de autorregulação das crianças

Relatório da Prática Profissional Supervisionada Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar

A visão e a voz do diretor: a construção do seu projeto de Intervenção

Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências da Educação - Área de especialização em Administração Escolar

Association study of the Ile349val polymorphism of the gene ADH1C and alcohol dependence

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the polymorphism Ile349Val of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase ADH1C gene among individuals with alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS) attending Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) meetings. METHODS: A total of 120 subjects residing in Rio de Janeiro city participated in this study. Subjects were divided into two groups: a group consisting of 54 individuals from the ADS group and 66 individuals that declared not having any alcohol dependence (control group). DNA was extracted from mouth epithelial cells by phenol-chloroform method and further submitted to amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: Our results did not show differences between the genotypes of control individuals and ADS subjects. Nevertheless, we found increased rates of alcoholism in families of ADS subjects as compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS: Our results did not show any genotype difference on the ADH1C gene when control and AA genotypes are compared.