938 resultados para Lymphocytes T DP (CD4 CD8 )
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Une petite population de lymphocytes T exprimant les deux corcepteurs CD4 et CD8 et appele double positive (DP), a t dtecte dans le sang priphrique de donneurs sains et de patients atteints de diverses pathologies dont la sclrose en plaques (SEP). Nous avons mis lhypothse quil sagissait de lymphocytes T hautement activs pouvant contribuer linflammation chronique prsente dans la SEP. Nous avons compar les cellules T DP obtenues du sang de donneurs sains et de patients atteints de la SEP et non traits. La frquence des cellules DP tait similaire chez les patients et les donneurs sains. La proportion de lymphocytes T DP qui exprimaient les chaines du rcepteur de linterleukine-15 (IL-15) tait plus leve que pour les autres populations lymphocytaires. Des mesures dinduction de la phosphorylation du STAT5 (signal transducer and activator of transcription) ont dmontr que les cellules DP ont rpondu des doses plus faibles et pour de plus longues priodes lIL-15 comparativement aux autres lymphocytes T. Le pourcentage de lymphocytes T DP ayant la capacit de produire linterfron-gamma et des enzymes lytiques tait lev chez les tmoins sains mais ces niveaux taient significativement rduits chez les patients atteints de la SEP. La caractrisation phnotypique de cellules DP a suggr que ces cellules ont des proprits similaires aux lymphocytes T activs. Bien quil ne sagisse que dune caractrisation partielle, il semble que les lymphocytes T DP perdent une partie de leurs proprits chez les patients atteints de la SEP.
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Le diabte auto-immun rsulte de la destruction des cellules bta pancratiques scrtrices dinsuline par les lymphocytes T du systme immunitaire. Il sensuit une dficience hormonale qui peut tre comble par des injections quotidiennes dinsuline dorigine exogne, toutefois il demeure ce jour impossible de gurir les patients atteints de la maladie. De faon gnrale, un systme immunitaire sain reconnat une multitude dantignes diffrents et assure ainsi notre dfense lgard de diffrents pathognes ou encore de cellules tumorales. Il arrive cependant que, pour des raisons gntiques et/ou environnementales, les lymphocytes T puissent sactiver de faon aberrante suite la reconnaissance dantignes provenant du soi. Cest ce bris de tolrance qui mne au dveloppement de pathologies auto-immunes telles que le diabte auto-immun. Afin de limiter lauto-immunit, des mcanismes de slection stricts permettent dliminer la majorit des lymphocytes T prsentant une forte affinit envers des antignes du soi lors de leur dveloppement dans le thymus. Certains de ces lymphocytes russissent toutefois chapper lapoptose et migrent en priphrie afin dy circuler en qute dun antigne spcifiquement reconnu. Il est alors primordial que des mcanismes priphriques assurent le maintien de la tolrance immunitaire en faisant obstacle lactivation et la prolifration des lymphocytes T auto-ractifs. Lune des avenues afin dinhiber le dveloppement de rponses immunitaires aberrantes est la gnration de lymphocytes T rgulateurs. Ces cellules, dorigine thymique ou priphrique, peuvent arborer diffrents phnotypes et agissent via de multiples mcanismes afin dinactiver et/ou liminer les cellules impliques dans lapparition de pathologies auto-immunes. Lutilisation de modles murins transgniques a permis la mise en vidence dune population peu caractrise de lymphocytes T au potentiel rgulateur. En effet, la proportion de ces cellules T nexprimant pas les corcepteurs CD4 et CD8 (double ngatives, DN) a t inversement corrle la prdisposition lauto-immunit chez ces ii souris. Lobjectif principal de cette thse est de dmontrer la fonction immuno-rgulatrice des lymphocytes T DN, tout en investiguant les facteurs gntiques responsables du maintien de cette population cellulaire. Nous avons observ que les lymphocytes T DN exercent une activit cytotoxique lgard des lymphocytes B de faon spcifique lantigne, via la libration de granules cytolytiques contenant du granzyme B et de la perforine. Par ailleurs, nous avons tabli quun unique transfert adoptif de ces cellules est suffisant afin dinhiber le dveloppement du diabte auto-immun chez des htes transgniques prdisposs la maladie. Le recours des souris dficientes pour lexpression du gne CD47 a permis de constater que la voie de signalisation CD47-Sirp est essentielle dans le maintien de la proportion des lymphocytes T DN. De plus, le locus murin de prdisposition au diabte auto-immun Idd13, qui contient le gne Sirp, a t identifi pour son rle dans la rgulation de la proportion de ces cellules. Finalement, une analyse gntique a rvl que dautres intervalles gntiques sont impliqus dans le contrle de la population des lymphocytes T DN. Parmi ceux-ci, un locus situ en rgion proximale du chromosome 12 a t valid grce la cration de souris congniques. Grce aux rsultats prsents dans cette thse, notre comprhension de la biologie ainsi que de la rgulation des lymphocytes T DN est approfondie. Ces connaissances constituent un pas important vers la cration de thrapies cellulaires novatrices permettant de prvenir et de gurir diverses pathologies auto-immunes.
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Thymic atrophy is known to occur during infections; however, there is limited understanding of its causes and of the cross-talk between different pathways. This study investigates mechanisms involved in thymic atrophy during a model of oral infection by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S.typhimurium). Significant death of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes, but not of single-positive thymocytes or peripheral lymphocytes, is observed at later stages during infection with live, but not heat-killed, bacteria. The death of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes is Fas-independent as shown by infection studies with lpr mice. However, apoptosis occurs with lowering of mitochondrial potential and higher caspase-3 activity. The amounts of cortisol, a glucocorticoid, and interferon- (IFN-), an inflammatory cytokine, increase upon infection. To investigate the functional roles of these molecules, studies were performed using Ifn/ mice together with RU486, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist. Treatment of C57BL/6 mice with RU486 does not affect colony-forming units (CFU), amounts of IFN- and mouse survival; however, there is partial rescue in thymocyte death. Upon infection, Ifn/ mice display higher CFU and lower survival but more surviving thymocytes are recovered. However, there is no difference in cortisol amounts in C57BL/6 and Ifn/ mice. Importantly, the number of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes is significantly higher in Ifn/ mice treated with RU486 along with lower caspase-3 activity and mitochondrial damage. Hence, endogenous glucocorticoid and IFN--mediated pathways are parallel but synergize in an additive manner to induce death of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes during S.typhimurium infection. The implications of this study for host responses during infection are discussed.
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Ps-graduao em Biocincias e Biotecnologia Aplicadas Farmcia - FCFAR
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The diagnosis of T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia in association with other B-cell disorders is uncommon but not unknown. However, the concomitant presence of three hematological diseases is extraordinarily rare. We report an 88-year-old male patient with three simultaneous clonal disorders, that is, CD4+/CD8(weak) T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia, monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance and monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis. The patient has only minimal complaints and has no anemia, neutropenia or thrombocytopenia. Lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly were not present. The three disorders were characterized by flow cytometry analysis, and the clonality of the T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Interestingly, the patient has different B-cell clones, given that plasma cells of monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance exhibited a kappa light-chain restriction population and, on the other hand, B-lymphocytes of monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis exhibited a lambda light-chain restriction population. This finding does not support the antigen-driven hypothesis for the development of multi-compartment diseases, but suggests that T-cell large granular lymphocytic expansion might represent a direct antitumor immunological response to both B-cell and plasma-cell aberrant populations, as part of the immune surveillance against malignant neoplasms.
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Abnormal expansion or depletion of particular lymphocyte subsets is associated with clinical manifestations such as HIV progression to AIDS and autoimmune disease. We sought to identify genetic predictors of lymphocyte levels and reasoned that these may play a role in immune-related diseases. We tested 2.3 million variants for association with five lymphocyte subsets, measured in 2538 individuals from the general population, including CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD56+ natural killer (NK) cells, and the derived measure CD4:CD8 ratio. We identified two regions of strong association. The first was located in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), with multiple SNPs strongly associated with CD4:CD8 ratio (rs2524054, p = 2.1 1028). The second region was centered within a cluster of genes from the Schlafen family and was associated with NK cell levels (rs1838149, p = 6.1 1014). The MHC association with CD4:CD8 replicated convincingly (p = 1.4 109) in an independent panel of 988 individuals. Conditional analyses indicate that there are two major independent quantitative trait loci (QTL) in the MHC region that regulate CD4:CD8 ratio: one is located in the class I cluster and influences CD8 levels, whereas the second is located in the class II cluster and regulates CD4 levels. Jointly, both QTL explained 8% of the variance in CD4:CD8 ratio. The class I variants are also strongly associated with durable host control of HIV, and class II variants are associated with type-1 diabetes, suggesting that genetic variation at the MHC may predispose one to immune-related diseases partly through disregulation of T cell homeostasis.
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10me runion commune de la Socit de Nphrologie et de la Socit Francophone de Dialyse (Marrakech, 26-29 novembre 2008)
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info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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La tolrance immunitaire dpend de la distinction entre le soi et le non soi par le systme immunitaire. Un bris dans la tolrance immunitaire mne l'auto-immunit, qui peut provoquer la destruction des organes, des glandes, des articulations ou du systme nerveux central. Le diabte auto-immun, galement connu sous le nom diabte juvnile et diabte de type 1, rsulte d'une attaque auto-immune sur les cellules pancratiques scrtrices dinsuline, localises au niveau des lots de Langerhans du pancras. Bien que le diabte auto-immun soit traitable par une combinaison dinjections quotidiennes dinsuline dorigine exogne, de rgime et d'exercices, beaucoup de complications chroniques peuvent se manifester chez les patients, y compris, mais non limites , la ccit, les maladies cardiovasculaires, linsuffisance rnale et l'amputation. En raison des nombreuses complications lies au diabte auto-immun long terme, la recherche continue afin de mieux comprendre tous les facteurs impliqus dans la progression de la maladie dans le but de dvelopper de nouvelles thrapies qui empcheront, renverseront et/ou traiteront cette maladie. Un rle primordial dans la gnration et l'entretien de la tolrance immunitaire a t attribu au nombre et la fonction des sous-populations de cellules rgulatrices. Une de ces populations est constitue de cellules T CD4-CD8- (double ngatives, DN), qui ont t tudies chez la souris et l'humain pour leur contribution la tolrance priphrique, la prvention des maladies et pour leur potentiel associ la thrapie cellulaire. En effet, les cellules de T DN sont d'intrt thrapeutique parce qu'elles montrent un potentiel immunorgulateur antigne-spcifique dans divers cadres exprimentaux, y compris la prvention du diabte auto-immun. Dailleurs, en utilisant un systme transgnique, nous avons dmontr que les souris prdisposes au diabte auto-immun prsentent peu de cellules T DN, et que ce phnotype contribue la susceptibilit au diabte auto-immun. En outre, un transfert des cellules T DN est suffisant pour empcher la progression vers le diabte chez les souris prdisposes au diabte auto-immun. Ces rsultats suggrent que les cellules T DN puissent prsenter un intrt thrapeutique pour les patients diabtiques. Cependant, nous devons d'abord valider ces rsultats en utilisant un modle non-transgnique, qui est plus physiologiquement comparable l'humain. L'objectif principal de cette thse est de dfinir la fonction immunorgulatrice des cellules T DN, ainsi que le potentiel thrapeutique de celles-ci dans la prvention du diabte auto-immun chez un modle non-transgnique. Dans cette thse, on dmontre que les souris rsistantes au diabte auto-immun prsentent une proportion et nombre absolu plus levs de cellules T DN non-transgniques, lorsque compares aux souris susceptibles. Cela confirme une association entre le faible nombre de cellules T DN et la susceptibilit la maladie. On observe que les cellules T DN liminent les cellules B actives in vitro par une voie dpendante de la voie perforine et granzyme, o la fonction des cellules T DN est quivalente entre les souris rsistantes et prdisposes au diabte auto-immun. Ces rsultats confirment que l'association au diabte auto-immun est due une insuffisance en terme du nombre de cellules T DN, plutt qu une dficience fonctionnelle. On dmontre que les cellules T DN non-transgniques liminent des cellules B charges avec des antignes d'lots, mais pas des cellules B charges avec un antigne non reconnu, in vitro. Par ailleurs, on tablit que le transfert des cellules T DN actives peut empcher le dveloppement du diabte auto-immun dans un modle de souris non-transgnique. De plus, nous observons que les cellules T DN migrent aux lots pancratiques, et subissent une activation et une prolifration prfrentielles au niveau des ganglions pancratiques. D'ailleurs, le transfert des cellules T DN entrane une diminution d'auto-anticorps spcifiques de l'insuline et de cellules B de centres germinatifs directement dans les lots, ce qui corrle avec les rsultats dcrits ci-dessus. Les rsultats prsents dans cette thse permettent de dmontrer la fonction des cellules T DN in vitro et in vivo, ainsi que leur potentiel li la thrapie cellulaire pour le diabte auto-immun.
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Fundao de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado de So Paulo (FAPESP)
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ABSTRACT: This study defined the normal variation range for different subsets of T-lymphocyte cells count in two different Brazilian regions. We analysed the T-lymphocytes subpopulations (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+) in blood donors of two Brazilian cities, located in North (Belem, capital state of Para, indian background) and Northeast (Salvador, capital state od Bahia, African background) regions of Brazil. Results were compared according to gender, stress level (sleep time lower than 8 hours/day), smoking, and alcohol intake. Lymphocytes subpopulations were measured by flow cytometry. Five hundred twenty-six blood donors from two Brazilians cities participated in the study: 450 samples from Bahia and 76 samples from Par. Most (60%) were men, 59% reported alcohol intake, 12% were smokers, and 80% slept at least 8 h/day. Donors from Bahia presented with significantly higher counts for all parameters, compared with Para. Women had higher lymphocytes levels, in both states, but only CD4+ cells count was significantly higher than men's values. Smokers had higher CD4+ counts, but sleep time had effect on lymphocytes levels only for Para's donors (higher CD3+ and CD4+ counts). That state had also, a higher proportion of donors reporting sleep time <8 h/day. The values for CD3, CD4 and CD8+ cells count were significantly higher in blood donors from Bahia than among those from Par. Female gender, alcohol intake, stress level, and smoking were associated with higher lymphocyte counts. The use of a single reference range for normal lymphocytes count is not appropriate for a country with such diversity, like Brazil is.
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One distinctive effect on T-cell development was analyzed by selectively increasing serum prolactin (PRL) concentration in thymus-grafted congenitally athymic nude mice and by neutralizing PRL in suspension cultures of thymus from 1-day-old neonatal mice. Flow cytometric analysis of single-positive CD4+ and CD8+ cells derived from inguinal lymph nodes revealed a CD4/CD8 cell ratio of 2.2 +/- 0.18 (mean +/- SEM) in thymus-grafted nude mice that is similar to the ratio for immune-competent BALB/c mice (2.0 +/- 0.06). Addition of the pituitary to thymus-grafted nude mice significantly elevated serum PRL (P < 0.005) and increased the CD4/CD8 cell ratio (2.8 +/- 0.12; P < 0.005), demonstrating preferential stimulation of CD4+ cell development. T cells in nude mice receiving sham (submandibular salivary gland) or pituitary grafts alone were below detectable levels. Suspension cultures of neonatal thymus treated with anti-mouse PRL antiserum resulted in 20% and 30% decreases in double-positive CD4+8+ thymocytes and thymocyte viability, respectively. A 10-fold increase in double-negative CD4-8- thymocytes expressing the interleukin 2 receptor alpha chain, CD25, was also observed concurrently. Our findings illustrate an important way in which PRL may participate in two interrelated mechanisms: the regulation of peripheral single-positive cells and the maintenance of thymocyte viability during the double-positive stage of intrathymic differentiation.
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CD4-CD8 ratio is an important diagnostic measure of immune system functioning. In particular, CD4-CD8 ratio predicts the time taken for progression of HIV infection to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and the long-term survival of AIDS patients. To map genes that regulate differences between healthy individuals in CD4-CD8 ratio, we typed 757 highly polymorphic microsatellite markers at an average spacing of similar to5 cM across the genome in 405 pairs of dizygotic twins at ages 12, 14 and 16. We used multipoint variance components linkage analysis to test for linkage between marker loci and CD4-CD8 ratio at each age. We found suggestive evidence of linkage on chromosome 11p in 12-year-old twins (LOD=2.55, P=0.00031) and even stronger evidence of linkage in the same region at age 14 (LOD 3.51, P=0.00003). Possible candidate genes include CD5 and CD6, which encode cell membrane proteins involved in the positive selection of thymocytes. We also found suggestive evidence of linkage at other areas of the genome including regions on chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, 13, 15, 17 and 22.
