37 resultados para Lorpetalum chinense


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The objective of this work was (1) to develop a dehydrated pepper with 45% humidity, determining the drying curves for pepper, with and without osmotic pre-treatment and (2) to evaluate the influence of both drying and osmotic treatment on the content ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in fresh pepper and pepper with 45% humidity. The experiments were carried out using the peppers cut in half, with and without osmotic pre-treatment, followed by drying in an oven at 70 ºC. The results showed that the osmotic pretreatment did not influence the retention of ascorbic acid during the drying of pepper. The sensory analysis regarding the color, flavor, and texture attributes revealed that there was no difference in the acceptability.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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The objective of this work was (1) to develop a dehydrated pepper with 45% humidity, determining the drying curves for pepper, with and without osmotic pre-treatment and (2) to evaluate the influence of both drying and osmotic treatment on the content ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in fresh pepper and pepper with 45% humidity. The experiments were carried out using the peppers cut in half, with and without osmotic pre-treatment, followed by drying in an oven at 70 degrees C. The results showed that the osmotic pretreatment did not influence the retention of ascorbic acid during the drying of pepper. The sensory analysis regarding the color, flavor, and texture attributes revealed that there was no difference in the acceptability.

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The objective of this work was (1) to develop a dehydrated pepper with 45% humidity, determining the drying curves for pepper, with and without osmotic pre-treatment and (2) to evaluate the influence of both drying and osmotic treatment on the content ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in fresh pepper and pepper with 45% humidity. The experiments were carried out using the peppers cut in half, with and without osmotic pre-treatment, followed by drying in an oven at 70 ºC. The results showed that the osmotic pretreatment did not influence the retention of ascorbic acid during the drying of pepper. The sensory analysis regarding the color, flavor, and texture attributes revealed that there was no difference in the acceptability.

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Se propone elaborar, formular un producto en barra con un extracto natural obtenido de la especie Capsicum chinense Jacq. (Chile espuela de gallo) coadyuvado con otros principios activos: mentol y salicilato de metilo, con similar acción a los antiflamatorios no esteroideos por vía tópica, que presentan como ventaja no acumular toxinas y/o químicos que a futuro puedan afectar la salud del consumidor, ya que el dolor músculo esquelético es un problema de salud muy frecuente en la población. La barra analgésica contribuirá a solventar este malestar y los pacientes con dolores crónicos consumirán menos antiflamatorios no esteroideos (AINES) siendo beneficioso para su salud ya que el uso prolongado de estos medicamentos produce efectos secundarios. las barras se consideran productos derivados de jabones transparentes; quimicamente están constituidos por un excipiente gelificado y sustancias activas. En total se preformularon tres barras analgésicas empleando extracto de chile espuela de gallo a diferentes concentraciones 10%, 15%, 20%; la recolección de la materia prima vegetal y las condiciones de secado deben ser controladas para poder conservar los atributos medicinales de calidad en el producto terminado. Posterior a las determinaciones fisicoquímicas realizadas se eligió la barra analgésica con la concentración al 20% como la fórmula con las mejores características tanto de homogeneidad, deslizabilidad, consistencia como de apariencia. Esta barra analgésica se puede aplicar directamente sobre la piel, y por el tipo de formulación proporciona una mayor absorción de los principios activos.

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O objetivo desse trabalho foi formar uma população base de pimentas habanero que servirá para a seleção de genótipos de interesse da agricultura brasileira.

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O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar características dos frutos e sementes de C. chinense cultivados sob diferentes níveis nutricionais.

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O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a absorção de nutrientes nos diferentes estádios fenológicos da pimenta-de-cheiro.

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A Amazônia é um importante centro de diversidade de Capsicum spp., em especial de C. chinense. Informações relativas à biologia reprodutiva são importantes para o melhoramento e conservação da espécie. O objetivo desse trabalho foi estudar o sistema de reprodução de C. chinense. Foram avaliados cinco genótipos e quatro tratamentos: polinização natural, proteção dos botões florais, autopolinização manual e polinização cruzada manual. Os genótipos avaliados demonstraram auto-compatibilidade e reprodução como plantas autógamas.

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In 2002 at Virginia, South Australia, capsicum cultivars having the Tsw resistance gene against Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) developed symptoms typical of TSWV infection and several glasshouse-grown crops were almost 100% infected. Samples reacted with TSWV antibodies in ELISA. Virus isolates from infected plants induced severe systemic symptoms, rather than a hypersensitive reaction, when inoculated onto capsicum cultivars and Capsicum chinense genotypes ( PI 152225 and PI 159236) that carry the Tsw resistance gene. Isolates virulent towards the Tsw gene had molecular and biological properties very similar to standard TSWV isolates, including a hypersensitive reaction in Sw-5 (TSWV-resistant) tomato genotypes. Tsw-virulent isolates were found during surveys at Virginia in 2002 and 2004 in both TSWV-resistant and susceptible cultivars of capsicum and tomato.

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本文回顾了龙胆科蔓龙胆属、双蝴蝶属、龙胆属狭蕊组和翼萼蔓属的研究历史,对这些类群的外部形态、花部解剖结构、染色体、花粉形态及胚胎学进行了研究,并结合已有的资料,探讨了这些类群的分类学问题。主要结论如下: 1.外部形态 蔓龙胆属、双蝴蝶属、龙胆属狭蕊组和龙胆属其他组之 间以及蔓龙胆属和翼萼蔓属之间在外部形态上均存在差异。 2.花部解剖结构 蔓龙胆属、双蝴蝶属、龙胆属狭蕊组和龙胆属其他组的花部解剖结构存在较多地相似之处,同时蔓龙胆属和双蝴蝶属的花被维管束和腺体比龙胆属狭蕊组和龙胆属其他组的特化。而翼萼蔓属的花部解剖结构与蔓龙胆属的差异较大,与扁蕾属的花部解剖结构较相似。 3.染色体 本文对蔓龙胆属、双蝴蝶属、龙胆属狭蕊组和翼萼蔓属的7种植物的染色体数目、基数和核型对称性作了研究,其中6种植物的染色体为首次报道,它们是:披针叶蔓龙胆C.delavayi、双蝴蝶T.chnense、峨眉双蝴蝶T.cordatum、锯齿龙胆 G.serra、毛脉龙胆G.souliei、和翼萼蔓P.volubilis。蔓龙胆属、双蝴蝶属和龙胆属狭蕊组的核型不对称性稍强于龙胆属其他组,但在染色体组成上十分相似。翼萼蔓属和蔓龙胆属的染色体差异较大,面与扁蕾属的染色体较相似。 4.花粉形态蔓龙胆属、双蝴蝶属、龙胆属狭蕊组和龙胆属其他组均具有球形或长球形、3孔沟、沟长而宽、外壁纹饰为条纹一无穿孔和条纹一穿孔的花粉类型。而翼萼蔓属的花粉为球形、纹饰为网状纹馋与蔓龙胆属不同,与扁蕾属的花粉较相似。 5.胚胎学 本文对披针叶蔓龙胆C,delavayi、双蝴蝶T.chinense、峨眉双蝴蝶T.cordatum、条纹龙胆G. striata和翼萼蔓P.volubilis作了较详细的胚胎学研究,这些类群在花药壁的分化和形成、胚珠和胎座类型、卵器中的助细胞和反足细胞、种皮以及胚发育等特征上存在差异,并且在胚胎学特征上各自拥有原始和进化的性状。蔓龙胆属、双蝴蝶属和龙胆属之间的胚胎学性状差异较大,龙胆属狭蕊组与双蝴蝶属的胚胎学性状较相似,而与蔓龙胆属和龙胆属其他组的差吴较大。翼萼蔓属的胚胎学性状与扁蕾属的较相似,而与蔓龙胆属的差异较大。 6.综合分析外部形态、花部解剖结构、染色体、花粉形态及胚胎学性状,结果表明,蔓龙胆属、双蝴蝶属、龙胆属狭蕊组和龙胆属其他组是亲缘关系十分相近的类群,在某些特征上已存在明显地演化极向,但在大多数特征上演化极向不明。蔓龙胆属和双蝴蝶属分别作为独立属处理较为合适,而且两属的亲缘关系很近。狭蕊组仍应放在龙胆属,蔓龙胆属比双蝴蝶属与龙胆属的亲缘关系更近一些。翼萼蔓属也应作为一独立属处理,而且该属可能与扁蕾属的亲缘关系较近,而与蔓龙胆属亲缘关系较远。 7.本文还讨论了蔓龙胆属、双蝴蝶属、龙胆属狭蕊组和翼萼蔓属的地理分布。

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羊草(Leymus chinensis(Trin.)Tzvel.或Aneurolepidium chinense Trin.),隶属禾本科(Gramineae),大麦族(Hordeae),小麦亚族(Triticieae),赖草属(Leymus),兼具重要的生态价值和经济价值。面向国家重大需求,本论文选择羊草作为主要研究对象,开展了两方面的研究工作,即我国羊草种质资源的遗传多样性评价和赖草属物种的系统发育分析。 羊草是一种多年生根茎型禾草,根据叶色可以划分为黄绿型和灰绿型两种生态型。其分布范围横穿亚欧草原的东部,包括朝鲜和蒙古的西部,以及西伯利亚的西北部,集中分布于我国的东北部。羊草是我国典型草原植物群落中的优势种。它可以在多种土壤和气候条件下正常生长,如松嫩平原、内蒙古草原和黄土高原。从另一个角度讲,不同类型的生境也造就了羊草丰富的遗传多样性。 自上世纪90年代中期开始,我们陆续从我国东北部6个省市收集了293份羊草种质,包括205份灰绿型羊草和88份黄绿型羊草。经过连续3年的观测记录,通过37个重要农艺性状,对293份羊草的遗传多样性进行了评估。依据10个质量性状和27个数量性状,统计了羊草不同性状和不同地域羊草的Shannon遗传多样性指数,同时还使用了主成分分析和通径分析做了相关统计。结果显示:(1)与黄绿型羊草相比,灰绿型羊草具有更高的遗传变异(P<0.05)。结合这两个趋异型羊草的分布范围,可以得出两种类型羊草之间存在稳定的遗传差异;(2)通径分析显示,羊草营养生长性状和遗传多样性两者的组合效应可以解释羊草生殖特性中20.6%的遗传变异;(3)在124-128ºE这一区域,羊草的遗传多样性指数最高(H=2.252),表明这一地区具有最丰富的羊草种质资源。 赖草属(Leymus Hochst.)是一个异源多倍体属,约有34个物种,该属未知基因组的起源一直争论不休。其倍性范围从四倍体(2n=4x=28)、八倍体(2n=8x=56)一直到十二倍体(2n=12x=84)。新麦草属(Psathyrostachys Nevski)只含有Ns一个基因组,约有9个物种。这两个属都是多年生牧草,具有抗旱、抗病和耐盐碱等生物学特性。 应用核糖体ITS(Internal Transcribed Spacer)序列和叶绿体trnL-F序列,我们对13个赖草属物种、小麦族18个属(40份二倍体材料)、以及Elymus californicus和Bromus catharticus,共计57份材料进行了系统发生分析。ITS序列分析表明,赖草属分别与新麦草属和小麦族中一个未知属在进化上具有紧密的关系。ITS谱系树表明赖草属内部存在大量的分化,以及赖草属物种具有多次起源的特征。trnL-F序列分析表明,赖草属物种的母本,部分来自Ns基因组,部分来自Xm基因组,这可能与赖草属物种的地理分布有关,分布于亚欧大陆的物种其母本是新麦草属,而分布于北美的大部分物种其母本是Xm基因组。trnL-F序列分析还表明,E. californicus和赖草属未知的基因组具有紧密的关系。以上研究结果表明:(1)从分子层面证明,赖草属的未知基因组并非来自薄冰草属,或是一个修正的新麦草基因组,其基因组组成应是NsNsXmXm;(2)赖草属物种的母本,部分来自Ns基因组,部分来自Xm基因组,这可能与赖草属物种的地理分布有关;(3)E. californicus的母本是Xm基因组,父本是Ns基因组,该物种应从披碱草属转移至赖草属。

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本研究从三个方面研究了草地生态系统的碳循环及其对全球变化的响应: 1)系统整理了世界范围内各种类型草原群落碳循环主要过程和影响因素的有关资料,在此基础上,对草地生态系统巾的碳素贮量和主要流量进行了全球估计;在CENTURY模型碳循环业模型的基础上,对草地生态系统碳循环的分室模型进行了说明;阐述了土壤呼吸作用在草地碳循环中的作用,综述了草地土壤呼吸的测定方法、影响草地呼吸的主要环境因素,对世界范围内草地土壤呼吸量和土壤中的有机碳周转速度进行了初步估计;讨论了全球气候变化、 C02浓度增加和土地利用变化对草地生态系统的可能影响。 2)对内蒙古锡林河流域一个固定样地内的羊草草原群落的碳循环特点进行了初步研究;采用实测数据和CENTURY模型模拟相结合,对该群落中碳素的输入与输出量,碳素贮量和土壤中有机碳的周转口寸间进行了首次估计,得出了“未利用状态下羊草草原群落基本处于碳素平衡状态”的结论。 3)对世界范围内草地利用现状的资料分析表明,全世界70%的草地出现了不同程度的退化, 过度放牧是导致草地退化的主要原因,在退化草地总面积中,约有35%是由于过度放牧造成的。过度放牧是锡林河流域羊草草原退化的主要入为因素,40年来,过度放牧共导致了羊草草地O - 20cm土层中23%的土壤有机碳损失。结合CENTURY模型的预测结果,土地利用变化对羊草草原土壤有机碳贮量的影响将比气候变化和C02浓度增加的影响更加重大。