Cephalometric evaluation of the predictability of bimaxillary surgical-orthodontic treatment outcomes in long face pattern patients: a retrospective study

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare by means of McNamara as well as Legan and Burstone's cephalometric analyses, both manual and digitized (by Dentofacial Planner Plus and Dolphin Image software) prediction tracings to post-surgical results. METHODS: Pre and post-surgical teleradiographs (6 months) of 25 long face patients subjected to combined orthognathic surgery were selected. Manual and computerized prediction tracings of each patient were performed and cephalometrically compared to post-surgical outcomes. This protocol was repeated in order to evaluate the method error and statistical evaluation was conducted by means of analysis of variance and Tukey's test. RESULTS: A higher frequency of cephalometric variables, which were not statistically different from the actual post-surgical results for the manual method, was observed. It was followed by DFPlus and Dolphin software; in which similar cephalometric values for most variables were observed. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the manual method seemed more reliable, although the predictability of the evaluated methods (computerized and manual) proved to be reasonably satisfactory and similar.

Prevalence of long face pattern in brazilian individuals of different ethnic backgrounds

Conclusions: Black individuals had greater prevalence of long face pattern, followed by Brown, White and Yellow individuals. The prevalence of long face pattern was 14.06% in which 13.39% and 0.68% belonged to moderate and severe subtypes, respectively.

A newly recognized syndrome of marfanoid habitus; Long face; Hypotelorism; Long, thin nose; Long, thin hands and feet; and a specific pattern of language and learning disabilities

Here, we report on a newly recognized syndrome in a Brazilian family with three affected women, who had a Marfanoid habitus; long face; hypotelorism; long, thin nose; long, thin hands and feet; and language and learning disabilities. The disorder is compatible with autosomal dominant inheritance. (C) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Why the long face?

In this video, a male voice recites a script comprised entirely of jokes. Words flash on screen in time with the spoken words. Sometimes the two sets of words match, and sometimes they differ. This work examines processes of signification. It emphasizes disruption and disconnection as fundamental and generative operations in making meaning. Extending on post-structural and deconstructionist ideas, this work questions the relationship between written and spoken words. By deliberately confusing the signifying structures of jokes and narratives, it questions the sites and mechanisms of comprehension, humour and signification.

Características cefalométricas do padrão face longa

Este estudo determinou as características cefalométricas dos indivíduos portadores de Padrão Face Longa em comparação com indivíduos Padrão I. Um total de 73 telerradiografias em norma lateral, sendo 34 Padrão Face Longa e 39 Padrão I, foram selecionadas com base na morfologia facial, não considerando as relações oclusais e sagitais. Foram avaliados: padrão de crescimento facial, alturas faciais anteriores e posterior, relação maxilo-mandibular, além das relações dentárias com suas bases apicais. de uma forma geral, os indivíduos Padrão Face Longa apresentaram grandes desvios em relação aos indivíduos Padrão I, sendo a doença decorrente de um desequilíbrio entre os componentes verticais. Pôde-se observar que os valores das grandezas AFAT, AFAI, AFATperp, AFAIperp, 1-PP, 6-PP, 1-PM, SNB, ANB, ângulo goníaco, ângulo plano mandibular, além das proporções AFAI/AFAT e AFAIperp/AFATperp, estavam significantemente alterados para os indivíduos Padrão Face Longa. Com base nos resultados obtidos neste estudo, verificou-se que esses indivíduos caracterizavam-se pelo padrão de crescimento vertical e por um aumento da altura facial anterior inferior - conseqüentemente, da altura facial anterior total - estando a deformidade localizada abaixo do plano palatino. Foram observados ainda um retrognatismo maxilar e mandibular, além da presença de extrusão dentária anterior (superior e inferior) e póstero-superior, com os incisivos superiores bem posicionados em suas bases e os inferiores lingualizados.

Características cefalométricas do Padrão Face Longa: considerando o dimorfismo sexual

OBJETIVO: o presente estudo avaliou a hipótese de variação das características cefalométricas de acordo com o gênero para portadores de Padrão Face Longa. METODOLOGIA: foi analisado um total de 73 telerradiografias em norma lateral, sendo 34 Padrão Face Longa e 39 Padrão I (grupo controle), selecionadas com base na morfologia facial, sem considerar as relações oclusais. Foram avaliados: padrão de crescimento facial, alturas faciais anteriores e posterior, relação maxilomandibular, além das relações dentárias com suas bases apicais. RESULTADOS: o grupo controle (Padrão I) apresentou dimorfismo (p<0,001) no comprimento efetivo da maxila e da mandíbula, além das alturas faciais avaliadas. Foram significantes também (p<0,05) as proporções entre as alturas faciais e as distâncias entre os incisivos e molares em relação aos planos palatino e mandibular. Para os portadores de Padrão Face Longa, as mesmas variáveis cefalométricas não mostraram diferenças significantes entre os gêneros (p>0,05), exceto os comprimentos efetivos da maxila e da mandíbula, além da altura facial anterior inferior e posterior (p<0,05). CONCLUSÕES: concluiu-se que enquanto ocorreu dimorfismo nos indivíduos Padrão I, para as estruturas influenciadas pela diferença no tamanho esquelético entre os gêneros, isso não aconteceu nos portadores de Padrão Face Longa. Essa maior similaridade entre os gêneros provavelmente ocorreu porque a deformidade, mais grave no gênero feminino, foi suficiente para anular o menor tamanho esquelético esperado para estes indivíduos.

Proposta para classificação, segundo a severidade, dos indivíduos portadores de más oclusões do Padrão Face Longa

OBJETIVO: o presente estudo teve como objetivo propor um método para classificação, segundo a severidade, dos indivíduos Padrão Face Longa, avaliando sua confiabilidade e reprodutibilidade. METODOLOGIA: foram utilizadas fotografias faciais (frontal, perfil e frontal sorrindo) de 125 crianças Padrão Face Longa (54 do gênero feminino e 71 do gênero masculino), selecionadas apenas considerando-se a morfologia facial, com idades entre 10 anos e 6 meses e 15 anos e 2 meses. As fotografias foram avaliadas, separadamente, por três examinadores, sendo reavaliadas após três semanas, em uma nova disposição aleatória. Os indivíduos foram graduados em três subtipos, de acordo com a severidade: moderado, médio e severo. Para avaliar as concordâncias intra e interexaminadores, foi utilizada a estatística Kappa (k). RESULTADOS: na avaliação intra-examinador, todos os examinadores obtiveram concordâncias substanciais, com o valor de Kappa variando de 0,64 a 0,66, havendo em todos os examinadores 80% ou mais de concordância. Quando comparadas as avaliações interexaminadores, as freqüências de concordância diminuíram, variando de 67,2% a 70,4%. A partir dos valores de Kappa, que variaram de 0,41 a 0,46, a interpretação foi considerada moderada. CONCLUSÕES: com base nesses resultados, o método foi considerado aplicável, com necessidade de complemento de informações provenientes de outros exames rotineiramente aplicados em Ortodontia. A aplicação clínica será demonstrada com intuito de evidenciar os níveis diferentes de severidade das más oclusões do Padrão Face Longa e as características do protocolo de tratamento recomendado.

Epidemiologia do Padrão Face Longa em escolares do Ensino Fundamental do município de Bauru - SP

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to classify and determine the prevalence of individuals with vertical alteration of facial relationships, according to the severity of discrepancy, especially individuals with long face pattern. METHODS: The sample was composed of 5,020 individuals of Brazilian nationality, of both genders, aged 10 years to 16 years and 11 months, attending fundamental schools at the city of Bauru-SP. Examination of facial morphology comprised direct observation of the face in frontal and lateral views, always with the lips at rest, aiming to identify the individuals presenting vertical alteration of facial relationships. After identification, these individuals were scored, according to severity, into three subtypes, namely mild, moderate and severe. The prevalence of individuals with long face pattern considered only the individuals scored as subtypes moderate and severe. RESULTS: There was prevalence of 34.94% of vertical alteration of facial relationships and 14.06% of long face pattern. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained in this study revealed that the prevalence of vertical alteration of facial relationships and long face pattern was higher than reported in the literature.

Estudos das caracteristicas cefalométricas do padrão face longa

Pós-graduação em Odontologia - FOA

Epidemiologia do padrão face longa em escolares do ensino fundamental do município de Bauru - SP

Pós-graduação em Odontologia - FOA

Estudo da associaçao entre o Padrão face longa, o hábito de respiração bucal e as características intrabucais

Aim: to evaluate the association of the long face pattern and the mouth breathing, correlating them with the intraoral characteristics. Methods: the sample was composed of 60 Caucasian Brazilian descendents patients, divided in two groups according to the subjective of their facial pattern. The patients were clinically evaluated to determine their respiratory pattern and the diagnosed of malocclusion. The lateral teleradiographies were drawn in standard to verification facial cephalometric pattern. Chi-Square analysis evaluated the association between subjective facial pattern and type of breathing; facial pattern subjective and cephalometric facial pattern. It was also the chi-square with yates correction to evaluate the associations between subjective facial pattern, type of breathing and posterior cross bite; facial subjective standard, type of breathing and anterior open bite; facial pattern between subjective, type breathing and type of Angle´s malocclusion. Results: it showed that long face pattern (group 1) was associated with mouth breathing habit and facial cephalometric standard. Moreover, the long-face pattern (group 1) presented that mouth breathing was associated with a posterior crossbite and Angle Class II malocclusion. Conclusion: the long face pattern - evaluated with subjective facial analyses - was associated with mouth breathing. The long face pattern and patients with mouth breathing was associated with a posterior crossbite and Class II Angle's malocclusion.

Characterization of human symptomatic rotavirus isolates MP409 and MP480 having ‘long’ RNA electropherotype and subgroup I specificity, highly related to the P6[1],G8 type bovine rotavirus A5, from Mysore, India

In an epidemiological study of symptomatic human rotaviruses in Mysore, India during 1993 and 1994, isolates MP409 and MP480 were isolated from two children suffering from severe, acute dehydrating diarrhea. Both isolates exhibited 'long' RNA pattern and subgroup I specificity suggesting the likelihood of their animal origin. Both isolates did not react with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for serotypes G1 to G6 as well as CIO. To determine the genetic origin of these isolates, complete nucleotide sequences of genes encoding the outer capsid proteins VP4 and VP7, nonstructural proteins NSP1 and NSP3 and viral enterotoxin protein NSP4 from MP409 and partial sequences of genes from MP480 were determined. Comparison of the 5' and 3' terminal sequences of 250 nucleotides revealed complete identity of the gene sequences in both strains suggesting that MP409 and MP480 are two different isolates of a single strain. Comparison of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of VP4, VP7, NSP1 and NSP3 of MP409 with published sequences of strains belonging to different serotypes revealed that both outer capsid proteins VP4 and VP7 and NSP1 are highly related to the respective proteins from the P6[1], G8 type bovine rotavirus A5 isolated from a calf with diarrhoea in Thailand and that the NSP3 is highly homologous to that of bovine rotaviruses. The NSP 1 protein showed greatest sequence identity with NSP4s belonging to the KUN genetic group to which NSP4s from human G2 type strains and bovine rotaviruses belong. MP409 and MP480 likely signify interspecies transmission of P6[1], G8 type strains from cattle to humans and represent the first P6[1] type rotaviruses isolated in humans. These and our previous studies on the asymptomatic neonatal strain I321 are of evolutionary and epidemiological significance in the context of close association of majority of the Indian population with cattle.

Face Detection in Still Gray Images

We present a trainable system for detecting frontal and near-frontal views of faces in still gray images using Support Vector Machines (SVMs). We first consider the problem of detecting the whole face pattern by a single SVM classifer. In this context we compare different types of image features, present and evaluate a new method for reducing the number of features and discuss practical issues concerning the parameterization of SVMs and the selection of training data. The second part of the paper describes a component-based method for face detection consisting of a two-level hierarchy of SVM classifers. On the first level, component classifers independently detect components of a face, such as the eyes, the nose, and the mouth. On the second level, a single classifer checks if the geometrical configuration of the detected components in the image matches a geometrical model of a face.

Exploring combinations of different color and facial expression stimuli for gaze-independent BCIs

Background: Some studies have proven that a conventional visual brain computer interface (BCI) based on overt attention cannot be used effectively when eye movement control is not possible. To solve this problem, a novel visual-based BCI system based on covert attention and feature attention has been proposed and was called the gaze-independent BCI. Color and shape difference between stimuli and backgrounds have generally been used in examples of gaze-independent BCIs. Recently, a new paradigm based on facial expression changes has been presented, and obtained high performance. However, some facial expressions were so similar that users couldn't tell them apart, especially when they were presented at the same position in a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) paradigm. Consequently, the performance of the BCI is reduced. New Method: In this paper, we combined facial expressions and colors to optimize the stimuli presentation in the gaze-independent BCI. This optimized paradigm was called the colored dummy face pattern. It is suggested that different colors and facial expressions could help users to locate the target and evoke larger event-related potentials (ERPs). In order to evaluate the performance of this new paradigm, two other paradigms were presented, called the gray dummy face pattern and the colored ball pattern. Comparison with Existing Method(s): The key point that determined the value of the colored dummy faces stimuli in BCI systems was whether the dummy face stimuli could obtain higher performance than gray faces or colored balls stimuli. Ten healthy participants (seven male, aged 21–26 years, mean 24.5 ± 1.25) participated in our experiment. Online and offline results of four different paradigms were obtained and comparatively analyzed. Results: The results showed that the colored dummy face pattern could evoke higher P300 and N400 ERP amplitudes, compared with the gray dummy face pattern and the colored ball pattern. Online results showed that the colored dummy face pattern had a significant advantage in terms of classification accuracy (p < 0.05) and information transfer rate (p < 0.05) compared to the other two patterns. Conclusions: The stimuli used in the colored dummy face paradigm combined color and facial expressions. This had a significant advantage in terms of the evoked P300 and N400 amplitudes and resulted in high classification accuracies and information transfer rates. It was compared with colored ball and gray dummy face stimuli.