999 resultados para Life cicle
Resumo:
Leishmaniasis are endemic diseases wild spread in the New and Old World, caused by the flagelated protozoan Leishmania. In the New World, the distribution of different forms of leishmaniasis is mostly in tropical regions. In the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Northeast Brazil, 85% of the captured sand flies fauna is Lutzomyia longipalpis. The distribution of the sand fly vector in the state overlaps with the disease distribution, where the presence of sand flies is associated with presence of animals shelters. The aim of this study was to analyse the blood meal preference of sand flies vector from the genus Lutzomyia spp. in laboratory conditions, to verify the vector life cicle at different temperatures sets and to identify the main blood meal source in endemic areas for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) at peri-urban regions of Natal. Sand flies samples were collected from the municipalities of São Gonçalo do Amarante and Nísia Floresta where female sand flies were grouped for the colony maintenance in the laboratory and for the analysis of the preferred source of sand fly blood meal in natural environment. The prevalence of blood meal preference and oviposition for the females sand flies was 97% for Cavia porcellus with oviposition of 19 eggs/female; 97% for Eqqus caballus with 19 eggs/female; 98% for human blood with 14 eggs/female; 71.3% for Didelphis albiventris with 8.4 eggs/female; 73% for Gallus gallus with 14 eggs/female; 86% for Canis familiaris with 10.3 eggs/female; 81.4% for Galea spixii with 26 eggs/female; 36% for Callithrix jachus with 15 eggs/female; 42.8% for Monodelphis domestica with 0% of oviposition. Female sand flies did not take a blood meal from Felis catus. Sand flies life cycle ranged from 32-40 days, with 21-50 oviposition rates approximately. This study also showed that at 32°C the life cycle had 31 days, at 28° C it had 50 days and at 22°C it increased to 79 days. Adjusting the temperature to 35°C the eggs did not hatch, thus blocking the life cycle. A total of 1540 sand flies were captured, among them, 1.310 were male and 230 were female. Whereas 86% of the sand flies captured were Lu. longipalpis as compared to 10.5% for Lu. evandroi and, 3.2% for L. lenti and 0.3% for Lu whitmani. The ratio between female and male sandfly was approximately 6 males to 1 female. In Nísia Floresta, 50.7% of the collected females took their blood meal from armadillo, 12.8% from human. Among the female sand flies captured in São Gonçalo do Amarante, 80 of them were tested for the Leishmania KDNA infectivity where 5% of them were infected with Leishmania chagasi. Female Lutzomyia spp. showed to have an opportunistic blood meal characteristic. The behavioral parameters seem to have a higher influence in the oviposition when compared to the level of total proteins detected in the host s bloodstream. A higher Lu. longipalpis life cycle viability was observed at 28°C. The increase of temperature dropped the life cycle time, which means that the life cycle is modified by temperature range, source of blood meal and humidity. Lu longipalpis was the most specie found in the inner and peridomiciliar environment. In Nísia Floresta, armadillos were the main source of blood meal for Lutzomyia spp. At São Gonçalo do Amarante, humans were the main source of blood meal due to CDC nets placed inside their houses
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A utilização de microrganismos para fins de controle biológico de doenças em plantas tem sido muito estudada no mundo. No caso do nematóide de cisto da soja (Heterodera glycines), uma das principais doenças da soja, o controle biológico é de grande importância devido à ausência de controle químico eficiente. Para se estudar o efeito de Bacilllus subtilis sobre H. glycines, foram conduzidos alguns experimentos de casa de vegetação e laboratório. Nos trabalhos de laboratório, verificou-se, em câmara de eclosão, que a presença de B. subtilis reduz a eclosão de ovos de H. glycines estimulados com exsudatos de sementes de soja. Foi observado também que o tratamento de raiz de soja com a bactéria inibiu a migração de larvas juvenis de H. glycines para a planta em comparação à raiz não tratada com a bactéria. Nos ensaios de casa de vegetação, utilizando-se vasos com solo infestados com ovos de H. glycines, observou-se uma redução de fêmeas na raiz de soja quando o solo ou sementes foram tratadas previamente com formulação pó-molhável ou calda contendo B. subtilis, respectivamente. Com base nesses resultados e sabendo-se que H. glycines apresenta dependência de estímulo de exsudatos vegetais para eclosão e orientação das larvas, pode-se afirmar que B. subtilis interfere nesse estímulo prejudicando o desenvolvimento do ciclo do nematóide.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Uma vez que o conhecimento das fases iniciais o ciclo de vida dos peixes da região norte do Brasil é insuficiente, o presente trabalho buscou realizar um levantamento da fauna ictioplânctonica da região. Foram analisadas amostras provenientes de 44 estações costeiras e oceânicas realizadas na zona econômica exclusiva do Norte do Brasil (Costa do Amapá e Plataforma do Amazonas), durante a expedição REVIZEE Norte III (1999). O ictioplâncton foi coletado por meio de rede Nêuston, malhas 500 μm em arrastos superficiais. As larvas de peixes foram triadas e quantificadas. A temperatura superficial da água tanto para a costa do Amapá quanto para a Plataforma do rio Amazonas, não apresentou variação significativa, estando em torno de 27,9°C. Foram registradas baixas salinidades para a costa do Amapá entre 4 e 23 e grande variação na região oceânica com aumento gradativo em direção ao mar aberto (10 a 37) para a Plataforma do Amazonas. Das larvas coletadas, foram identificadas 17 famílias e 3 gêneros e um índice de riqueza de 2,52. Estas famílias foram classificadas em 4 grupos ecológicos distintos: Mesopelágico (Paralepididae, Myctophidae, Bregmacerotidae e Gonostomatidae), Epipelágico (Engraulidae, Clupeidae, Exocoetidae, Carangidae, Bramidae e Scombridae), Recifal (Gobiidae) e Demersal (Ophichthidae, Bothidae, Sciaenidae, Anguillidae, Serranidae e Congridae). As larvas de famílias pelágicas (epi e mesopelágico) foram predominantes na região sendo representadas principalmente por larvas de Myctophidae. As famílias classificadas como características para as duas áreas de estudo foram: Myctophidae, Clupeidae, Carangidae, Scombridae e Gobiidae. De uma maneira geral os valores de ictioplâncton foram mais elevados no Epinêuston, em comparação com o Hiponêuston, em toda a área estudada. Durante as amostragens, a quantidade de taxa identificada no nêuston, aumentou na direção da zona de quebra do talude mais próxima ao continente. Os resultados demonstraram ampla distribuição das famílias Gobiidae, Carangidae e Myctophidae para toda área, com densidades máximas de 509,21 larvas/100m³ e 872,93larvas/10m³ na Costa do Amapá e Plataforma do Amazonas respectivamente. Diferenças significantes entre as duas áreas analisadas foram observadas, tendo a Costa do Amapá apresentado maior riqueza de famílias nas estações.
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La tesi tratta l’analisi preliminare dell’Organization Environmental Footprint (OEF) dell’ente gestore dell’aeroporto Falcone - Borsellino di Palermo (GES.A.P.). Viene inoltre sviluppato un nuovo metodo per la classificazione degli aspetti ambientali utilizzabile all’interno del Sistema di Gestione Ambientale (SGA) attualmente utilizzato dall’ente GES.A.P. Dopo un'introduzione sulle ragioni che hanno portato allo sviluppo di questi strumenti, vengono approfondite le fasi necessarie per la loro applicazione, specificate nella guida metodologica sull’OEF e nella norma ISO 14001. I dati raccolti per il calcolo dell’OEF sono stati inseriti in un modello dell’organizzazione creato con il software GaBi7 al fine di stimare gli impatti ambientali dell’organizzazione negli anni analizzati. In questo lavoro viene effettuata un’analisi del metodo EMRG (Environmental Management Research Group) utilizzato per l’individuazione e la classificazione degli aspetti ambientali nell’ambito del SGA (certificato ISO 14001:2004) di GESAP e delle innovazioni introdotte nella versione 2015 della norma ISO 14001. Viene suggerito un metodo alternativo basato sull’integrazione dei risultati di un'analisi Life Cicle Assessment (LCA), svolta tramite l’OEF, con la metodologia EMRG, attualmente impiegata, al fine di avviare il processo di transizione del SGA verso l’aggiornamento-consegna richiesto dalla ISO14001:2015. Dall’applicazione del metodo viene ricavata una nuova gerarchia degli aspetti ambientali di GESAP utilizzabile per l’implementazione del suo SGA.
Resumo:
Leishmaniasis are endemic diseases wild spread in the New and Old World, caused by the flagelated protozoan Leishmania. In the New World, the distribution of different forms of leishmaniasis is mostly in tropical regions. In the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Northeast Brazil, 85% of the captured sand flies fauna is Lutzomyia longipalpis. The distribution of the sand fly vector in the state overlaps with the disease distribution, where the presence of sand flies is associated with presence of animals shelters. The aim of this study was to analyse the blood meal preference of sand flies vector from the genus Lutzomyia spp. in laboratory conditions, to verify the vector life cicle at different temperatures sets and to identify the main blood meal source in endemic areas for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) at peri-urban regions of Natal. Sand flies samples were collected from the municipalities of São Gonçalo do Amarante and Nísia Floresta where female sand flies were grouped for the colony maintenance in the laboratory and for the analysis of the preferred source of sand fly blood meal in natural environment. The prevalence of blood meal preference and oviposition for the females sand flies was 97% for Cavia porcellus with oviposition of 19 eggs/female; 97% for Eqqus caballus with 19 eggs/female; 98% for human blood with 14 eggs/female; 71.3% for Didelphis albiventris with 8.4 eggs/female; 73% for Gallus gallus with 14 eggs/female; 86% for Canis familiaris with 10.3 eggs/female; 81.4% for Galea spixii with 26 eggs/female; 36% for Callithrix jachus with 15 eggs/female; 42.8% for Monodelphis domestica with 0% of oviposition. Female sand flies did not take a blood meal from Felis catus. Sand flies life cycle ranged from 32-40 days, with 21-50 oviposition rates approximately. This study also showed that at 32°C the life cycle had 31 days, at 28° C it had 50 days and at 22°C it increased to 79 days. Adjusting the temperature to 35°C the eggs did not hatch, thus blocking the life cycle. A total of 1540 sand flies were captured, among them, 1.310 were male and 230 were female. Whereas 86% of the sand flies captured were Lu. longipalpis as compared to 10.5% for Lu. evandroi and, 3.2% for L. lenti and 0.3% for Lu whitmani. The ratio between female and male sandfly was approximately 6 males to 1 female. In Nísia Floresta, 50.7% of the collected females took their blood meal from armadillo, 12.8% from human. Among the female sand flies captured in São Gonçalo do Amarante, 80 of them were tested for the Leishmania KDNA infectivity where 5% of them were infected with Leishmania chagasi. Female Lutzomyia spp. showed to have an opportunistic blood meal characteristic. The behavioral parameters seem to have a higher influence in the oviposition when compared to the level of total proteins detected in the host s bloodstream. A higher Lu. longipalpis life cycle viability was observed at 28°C. The increase of temperature dropped the life cycle time, which means that the life cycle is modified by temperature range, source of blood meal and humidity. Lu longipalpis was the most specie found in the inner and peridomiciliar environment. In Nísia Floresta, armadillos were the main source of blood meal for Lutzomyia spp. At São Gonçalo do Amarante, humans were the main source of blood meal due to CDC nets placed inside their houses
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L’estudi de l’Anàlisi del Cicle de Vida (ACV) ha estat realitzat a l’empresa CRODA Ibèrica S.A - Mevisa Site, en concret a la línia productiva on s’hi fabrica el monoestearat de glicerina utilitzant una eina informàtica comercial denominada SIMAPRO que analitza i compara els aspectes mediambientals d’un producte d’una manera sistemàtica i consistent seguint les recomanacions de les normes ISO 14040
Resumo:
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the scored Patient-generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) tool as an outcome measure in clinical nutrition practice and determine its association with quality of life (QoL). DESIGN: A prospective 4 week study assessing the nutritional status and QoL of ambulatory patients receiving radiation therapy to the head, neck, rectal or abdominal area. SETTING: Australian radiation oncology facilities. SUBJECTS: Sixty cancer patients aged 24-85 y. INTERVENTION: Scored PG-SGA questionnaire, subjective global assessment (SGA), QoL (EORTC QLQ-C30 version 3). RESULTS: According to SGA, 65.0% (39) of subjects were well-nourished, 28.3% (17) moderately or suspected of being malnourished and 6.7% (4) severely malnourished. PG-SGA score and global QoL were correlated (r=-0.66, P<0.001) at baseline. There was a decrease in nutritional status according to PG-SGA score (P<0.001) and SGA (P<0.001); and a decrease in global QoL (P<0.001) after 4 weeks of radiotherapy. There was a linear trend for change in PG-SGA score (P<0.001) and change in global QoL (P=0.003) between those patients who improved (5%) maintained (56.7%) or deteriorated (33.3%) in nutritional status according to SGA. There was a correlation between change in PG-SGA score and change in QoL after 4 weeks of radiotherapy (r=-0.55, P<0.001). Regression analysis determined that 26% of the variation of change in QoL was explained by change in PG-SGA (P=0.001). CONCLUSION: The scored PG-SGA is a nutrition assessment tool that identifies malnutrition in ambulatory oncology patients receiving radiotherapy and can be used to predict the magnitude of change in QoL.