Prevalence of vitamin B12 depletion and deficiency in Liechtenstein

OBJECTIVE: Data about vitamin B12 (B12) deficiency in the general population are scarce. The present study was performed to determine the prevalence of B12 deficiency in the general population of the Principality of Liechtenstein, as well as to identify sub-populations potentially at high risk. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Ambulatory setting, population of the Principality of Liechtenstein. SUBJECTS: Seven thousand four hundred and twenty-four patients seeking medical attention whose serum samples were referred for routine work-up in an ambulatory setting were consecutively enrolled. Serum total B12 was determined in all patients in this cohort. In addition, for a subgroup of 1328 patients, serum holotranscobalamin was also measured. Prevalence of B12 deficiency was calculated. Further, multivariate logistical regression models were applied to identify covariates independently associated with B12 deficiency and depletion. RESULTS: Nearly 8 % of the general population was suffering from either B12 depletion or deficiency. The ratio between B12 depletion and deficiency was 2:1 for all age ranges. Pathological changes were detected predominantly in older people. Female gender was a significant predictor of B12 depletion. In the cohort, nearly 40 % exhibited either depletion or deficiency of B12. CONCLUSIONS: B12 depletion and deficiency are common in Liechtenstein, a Central European country. The measurement of biochemical markers represents a cost-efficient and valid assessment of the B12 state. When a deficiency of B12 is diagnosed at an early stage, many cases can be treated or prevented, with beneficial effects on individual outcomes and subsequent potential reductions in health-care costs.

Surveillance of bovine tuberculosis and risk estimation of a future reservoir formation in wildlife in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) caused by Mycobacterium bovis or M. caprae has recently (re-) emerged in livestock and wildlife in all countries bordering Switzerland (CH) and the Principality of Liechtenstein (FL). Comprehensive data for Swiss and Liechtenstein wildlife are not available so far, although two native species, wild boar (Sus scrofa) and red deer (Cervus elaphus elaphus), act as bTB reservoirs elsewhere in continental Europe. Our aims were (1) to assess the occurrence of bTB in these wild ungulates in CH/FL and to reinforce scanning surveillance in all wild mammals; (2) to evaluate the risk of a future bTB reservoir formation in wild boar and red deer in CH/FL. Tissue samples collected from 2009 to 2011 from 434 hunted red deer and wild boar and from eight diseased ungulates with tuberculosis-like lesions were tested by direct real-time PCR and culture to detect mycobacteria of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). Identification of suspicious colonies was attempted by real-time PCR, genotyping and spoligotyping. Information on risk factors for bTB maintenance within wildlife populations was retrieved from the literature and the situation regarding identified factors was assessed for our study areas. Mycobacteria of the MTBC were detected in six out of 165 wild boar (3.6%; 95% CI: 1.4-7.8) but none of the 269 red deer (0%; 0-1.4). M. microti was identified in two MTBC-positive wild boar, while species identification remained unsuccessful in four cases. Main risk factors for bTB maintenance worldwide, including different causes of aggregation often resulting from intensive wildlife management, are largely absent in CH and FL. In conclusion, M. bovis and M. caprae were not detected but we report for the first time MTBC mycobacteria in Swiss wild boar. Present conditions seem unfavorable for a reservoir emergence, nevertheless increasing population numbers of wild ungulates and offal consumption may represent a risk.

«Gesundheitsrecht am Puls der Zeit» : Bericht zum Symposium der Privaten Universität im Fürstentum Liechtenstein vom 22. November 2013

Am 22. November 2013 führte die Private Universität im Fürstentum Liechtenstein (UFL) bereits zum vierten Mal ihr jährliches Symposium zum Gesundheitsrecht durch. Es war dem Thema «Ökonomie und Gesundheit – Was darf uns unsere Gesundheit kosten?» gewidmet. In Triesen (FL) trafen sich Fachleute aus Liechtenstein und der Schweiz, um verschiedene Facetten der Finanzierung des Gesundheitssystems interdisziplinär zu erörtern und mit einem kritischen Publikum zu diskutieren.

«Gesundheitsrecht am Puls der Zeit»: Bericht zum Symposium der Privaten Universität im Fürstentum Liechtenstein UFL vom 14. November 2014

«Arbeit und Gesundheit — (Un)gesunde Arbeitswelt?»: Am 14. November 2014 führte die Private Universität im Fürstentum Liechtenstein UFL bereits zum fünften Mal ihr jährliches Symposium «Gesundheitsrecht am Puls der Zeit» durch. In Triesen (FL) trafen sich Fachleute aus Liechtenstein und der Schweiz, um die Zusammenhänge zwischen Arbeit und Gesundheit interdisziplinär zu erörtern und mit einem kritischen Publikum zu diskutieren.

Die Erzählungen des Prinzen Alois Liechtenstein

Emes