A Lidl bit of grocery competition could cause a Coles rethink

Australian shoppers have inadvertently invited global discount grocers to our shores by demonstrating their readiness to adopt private labels. In 2001, German discounter Aldi opened its first store in Sydney. The impact this business format would have on the Australian grocery sector was underestimated.

Move over Aldi, Lidl may be next for Australian market

If speculation that German discount supermarket, Lidl, is preparing to launch into the Australian market is correct, it will be the biggest shake up in the grocery sector since Aldi’s arrival in 2001. With potentially five viable combatants in the mix, the way we shop and how supermarkets and suppliers compete, will fundamentally change.

Aplicando netnografía a la obtención del mapa de posicionamiento para empresas de distribución alimentaria

[ES] Las comunidades online se han convertido en un lugar de encuentro muy popular para los consumidores que les permite compartir información. En este artículo se presenta una técnica de información novedosa como la netnografía, y se aplica para determinar cuál es el posicionamiento de las empresas de distribución alimentaria. Tras la recogida y análisis de 506 mensajes válidos de la comunidad online Ciao, se pudo conocer qué atributos se asociaban a seis establecimientos de alimentación analizados. Mercadona se asocia con la calidad de su marca de distribuidor y una escasa variedad de marcas/productos. Las tiendas discount, Lidl y DIA, destacan por la posibilidad de mejora en la limpieza del establecimiento y la localización de los productos. Los hipermercados, Eroski, Alcampo y Carrefour, son destacados por su variedad de marcas/productos, y alejado del domicilio. También se ha identificado a los competidores más directos de cada empresa, encontrándose una competencia entre los formatos de venta del mismo tipo (intratipo). El uso de la netnografia, técnica relativamente reciente, supone la mayor originalidad del trabajo. Además, las conclusiones obtenidas, que son coincidentes con estudios anteriores, muestran que la netnografía puede ser una fuente de información para determinar cuál es la imagen comercial y el posicionamiento de las empresas.

When Does a Polynomial Over a Finite Field Permute the Elements of the Field?

We present a class of indecomposable polynomials of non prime-power degree over the finite field of two elements which are permutation polynomials on infinitely many finite extensions of the field. The associated geometric monodromy groups are the simple ...

Designing Bare Essentials: Aldi, Lidle and the architectures of cheapness

They’re cheap. They’re in every settlement of significance in Britain, Ireland and elsewhere. We all use them but perhaps do not always admit to it. Especially, if we are architects.
Over the past decades Aldi/Lidl low cost supermarkets have escaped from middle Europe to take over large tracts of the English speaking world remaking them according to a formula of mass-produced sheds, buff-coloured cobble-lock car parks, logos in primary colours, bare-shelves and eclectic special offers. Response within architectural discourse to this phenomenon has been largely one of indifference and such places remain, perhaps reiterating Pevsner’s controversial insights into the bicycle shed, on the peripheries of what we might term architecture. This paper seeks to explore the spatial complexities of the discount supermarket and in doing so open up a discussion on the architecture of cheapness. As a road-map, it takes former managing director Dieter Brandes’ treatise on the Aldi formula, Bare Essentials: the Aldi Way to Retailing, and investigates the strategies through which economic exigencies manifest themselves in a series of spatial tactics which involve building. Central to this is the idea of architecture as system rather than form and, in Aldi/Lidl’s case, the result of a spatial network of flows. To understand the architecture of the supermarket, then, it is necessary to measure the times and spaces of supply across the scales of intersection between global and local.
Evaluating the energy, economy and precision of such systems challenges the liminal position of the commercial, the placeless and especially the cheap within architectural discourse. As is well known, architectures of mass-production and prefabrication and their origins exercised modernist thinkers such as Sigfried Giedion and Walter Gropius in the early twentieth century and has undergone a resurgence in recent times. Meanwhile, the mapping of the hitherto overlooked forms and iconography of commerce in Learning from Las Vegas (1971) was extended by Rem Koolhaas et al into an investigation of the technologies, systems and precedents of retail in the Harvard Design School Guide to Shopping, thirty years later in 2001. While obviously always a criteria for building, to find writings on architecture which explicitly celebrate cheapness as a design virtue or, indeed, even iterate the word cheap is more difficult. Walter Gropius’ essay ‘How can we build cheaper, better, more attractive houses?’ (1927), however, situates the cheap within the discussions – articulated, amongst others, by Karl Teige and Bruno Taut – surrounding the minimal dwelling and the moral benefits of absence of the 1920s and 30s.
In our contemporary age of heightened consumption, it is perhaps fitting that an architecture of bare essentials is defined in retail rather than in housing, a commercial existenzminimum where the Miesian paradox of ‘less is more’ is resold as a paradigm of ‘more for less’ in the ubiquitous yet overlooked architectures of the discount supermarket.

A Discussion of Globalization Theories - Through International Consumer Perceptions

Globalization has developed more and more within the business world as well as private life during the last decades. Globalization has influenced the way companies are conducting business and their approach towards the consumers which can have an influence on their way of purchasing. Consumers nowadays have more than ever the possibility to get involved and gather experiences from abroad, as well as companies are taking advantage of this globalization. Within this thesis the following question will be discussed: Do consumers see the value companies try to create for them with an identical offer the same way in different markets? This idea is based on Theodore Levitt’s theory of globalization which comprises standardization of an offer since consumer needs are homogenizing globally. Douglas & Wind instead state that segmentation with adaptations is necessary to fulfill all consumer needs. Within this elaboration the question whether standardization is accepted and liked by the consumers is discussed and analyzed by including an empirical research. This research is based on Zeithaml’s model of the Perceived Quality Components, which was the fundamental base behind formulating the survey questions. These were submitted in Germany, the Republic of Ireland and Sweden to be able to discuss and visualize how the consumers of these different markets perceive different aspects of a company’s offer. One particular company, which is seen as doing business globally, was chosen as a test object. Based on the test object Lidl - which consumers were questioned about in the survey - it was possible to conduct a comparison of consumers’ general expectations against components of Lidl’s offer such as price, weekly specials, product range, etc. where differences and similarities between the three countries of Lidl’s fulfillment of these expectations were achieved. They were analyzed to discover to which extent globalization is present. Resulting from the comparison it was concluded that nowadays segmentation is important but developing with time globalization seems to increase in significance. Recommendations for further research about topics which were omitted due to limited resources are presented.

Raízes polinomiais em corpos finitos

Este trabalho é um estudo sobre propriedades de decomposição de polinômios em corpos finitos. Em particular fazemos um estudo sobre métodos de fatoração e cálculos de raízes. Procedemos inicialmente com um apanhado de conceitos e teoremas que embasam o trabalho. Com o objetivo de determinar raízes de polinômios em corpos finitos, alguns tópicos tornam-se pré-requisitos. O primeiro deles é a própria representação dos elementos dos corpos finitos. O outro é o estudo de métodos determinísticos ou probabilísticos para fatorar polinômios sobre corpos finitos. Os métodos estudados são o de Berlekamp, Cantor-Zassenhaus e Lidl-Niederreiter. Fazemos finalmente o estudo de métodos que podem ser empregados para determinarmos as raízes de polinômios pertencentes a corpos finitos. Métodos estes que apresentam variações de acordo com o tamanho do corpo.

Un análisis crítico de la representación lingüística y visual de los latinos en la publicidad televisiva finlandesa

Este estudio tiene como objetivo encontrar las ideologías y las concepciones ocultas sobre las personas latinas en la publicidad televisiva finlandesa. Las hipótesis planteadas del análisis incluyen las siguientes: que el uso de la lengua española en los anuncios bajo análisis tiene el fin de crear una imagen estereotipada, exótica, pero a la vez peyorativa de los latinos, y reforzar la impresión ya anteriormente conocida de ellos como inferiores a la élite blanca, con carácter temperamental y apasionado; como personas despreocupadas y descuidadas, hasta deshonestas en que no se puede confiar. La fundación teorética y metodológica del trabajo reside en el Análisis Crítico del Discurso (ACD) y el análisis crítico semiótico de las imágenes. Pretende encontrar las construcciones ideológicas discriminadoras que se reproducen a través del discurso mediático en forma de los temas y, ante todo los tópicos. Con los tópicos se refiere a temas de nivel más abstracto que los que aparecen explícitamente en los textos. El vínculo lingüístico es de la teoría de apropiación lingüística de elementos de la lengua española al inglés, llamada el Mock Spanish, pero en este estudio se aplica al finés. El análisis propone demostrar qué tipo de ideologías y actitudes se tratan de comunicar realmente en los textos. La parte semiótica del análisis de los signos observa el material empírico con el fin de averiguar las relaciones sociales de poder que se transmiten en las imágenes. Las imágenes contienen mensajes sobre el contexto y la distancia social que pueden ser descifrados analizando, por ejemplo, los ángulos de la cámara y la posición del fotógrafo en relación con el objeto de la fotografía. El material del análisis empírico se consiste en seis anuncios televisivos, estrenados en los canales de televisión pública finlandesa entre los años 2008 y 2016. La selección de los mismos fue realizada según el hecho de que todos emplean principalmente el español como lengua hablada y están subtitulados en finés. En unos se han escogido actores hablantes nativos y en otros finlandeses, pero todos los actores utilizan el español en sus réplicas, y solo la parte informativa al final del anuncio está en finés. Todas las compañías, productores de los productos promocionados, menos Lidl, recalcan ser finlandesas, aunque, por ejemplo, en el caso de dos empresas, son consorcios multinacionales, sociedades anónimas, y sus propietarios extranjeros. El nacionalismo forma parte esencial de la imagen que desean ofrecer para el público.