The life history of Hepatozoon leptodactyli (Lesage, 1908) Pessoa, 1970: a parasite of the common laboratory animal: the frog of the genus Leptodactylus

The main object of the present paper is to furnish a brief account to the knowledgement of Protozoa parasitic in common Brazilian frog of the genus Leptodactylus for general students in Zoology and for investigators that use this frog as a laboratory animal. Hepatozoon leptodactyli (Haemogregarina leptodactyli) was found in two species of frogs - Leptodactylus ocellatus and L. pentadactylus - in which develop schizogony whereas sporogony occurs in the leech Haementeria lutzi as was obtainded in experimental conditions. Intracellular forms have been found in peripheral circulation, chiefly in erythrocytes, but we have found them in leukocytes too. Tissue stages were found in frog, liver, lungs, spleen, gut, brain and heart. The occurence of hemogregarine in the Central Nervous System was recorded by Costa & al,(13) and Ball (2). Some cytochemical methods were employed in attempt to differentiate gametocytes from trophozoites in the peripheral blood and to characterize the cystic membrane as well. The speorogonic cycle was developed in only one specie of leech. A brief description of the parasite is given.

[Illustrations de Le Diable boiteux.] / Dubercelle, grav. ; Alain-René Lesage, aut. du texte

Comprend : Tome 1. Frontispice copié d'après le frontispice réalisé par Magdeleine Horthemels de l'édition originale de 1707 :Le Diable boiteux.] El Diablo Coivelo. [Cote : microfilm R.61628] ; [Pl.] Tom.1 Pag. 25 : Dans quel endroit le Diable Boiteux transporta l'Ecolier et des premières choses qu'il lui fit voir. [Le Diable boiteux, en compagnie de l'Ecolier Zambullo, jette un sort sur la ville de Madrid et fait disparaître les toits d ; [Pl.] Tom.1 Pag. 52 : Histoire des amours du Comte de Belflor et de Léonor de Cespedes. [Cote : microfilm R.61628] ; [Pl.] Tom.1 Pag. 164 : Des Prisonniers. [Cote : microfilm R.61628] ; [Tome 1. Pl. en reg p. 244 :] Des foux enfermez. [Cote : microfilm R.61628] ; [Pl.] Tom.1 Pag. 311 : [Querelle de rue opposant des musiciens et quatre hommes armés.] [Cote : microfilm R.61628] ; [Pl.] Tom.1 Pag. 316 : De l'Incendie, et de ce que fit Asmodée en cette occasion par amitiépour Don Cléofas. [Cote : microfilm R.61628] ; [Pl.] Tom.2 Pag. 3 : Des Tombeaux, des Ombres et de la Mort. [Cote : microfilm R.61628] ; [Pl.] Tom.2 Pag. 29 : La force de l'amitié. [Cote : microfilm R.61628] ; [Pl.] Tom.2 Pag. 91 : Du Démêlé d'un Poëte Tragique avec un Auteur Comique. [Cote : microfilm R.61628] ; [Pl.] Tom.2 Pag. 181 : Des Songes. [Cote : microfilm R.61628] ; [Pl.] Tom.2 Pag. 220 : Ce que le Diable fit encore remarquer à Don Cléofas. [Cote : microfilm R.61628] ; [Pl.] Tom.2 Pag. 291 : De ce que fit Don Cléofas après que le Diable Boiteux se fut éloigné de lui; et de quelle façon l'Auteur de cet Ouvrage a jugé à propos de le finir. [Don Cléofas donne la main de sa fille Séraphine au cavalier Léandr

[Illustrations de Le Diable boiteux.] / Magdeleine Horthemels, grav. ; Alain-René Lesage, aut. du texte

Comprend : [Frontispice et page de titre :] El Diablo Voivelo. Le Diable boiteux. [Cote : microfilm R1493]

Historia universal antigua y moderna formada principalmente con las obras de los célebres escritores el conde de Segur, Anquetil y Lesage... /

Del t. I al t. 21 dirigido por A. Martínez del Romero y del t. 22 a t. 33 dirigido por R. Campuzano.

Selections from Lesage's Gil Blas,

Introduction in English, text in French.

Neuroligin-1 links neuronal activity to sleep-wake regulation.

Maintaining wakefulness is associated with a progressive increase in the need for sleep. This phenomenon has been linked to changes in synaptic function. The synaptic adhesion molecule Neuroligin-1 (NLG1) controls the activity and synaptic localization of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors, which activity is impaired by prolonged wakefulness. We here highlight that this pathway may underlie both the adverse effects of sleep loss on cognition and the subsequent changes in cortical synchrony. We found that the expression of specific Nlg1 transcript variants is changed by sleep deprivation in three mouse strains. These observations were associated with strain-specific changes in synaptic NLG1 protein content. Importantly, we showed that Nlg1 knockout mice are not able to sustain wakefulness and spend more time in nonrapid eye movement sleep than wild-type mice. These changes occurred with modifications in waking quality as exemplified by low theta/alpha activity during wakefulness and poor preference for social novelty, as well as altered delta synchrony during sleep. Finally, we identified a transcriptional pathway that could underlie the sleep/wake-dependent changes in Nlg1 expression and that involves clock transcription factors. We thus suggest that NLG1 is an element that contributes to the coupling of neuronal activity to sleep/wake regulation.

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