Transferências federativas e potência dos contratos: avaliação da lei Robin Hood

Buscando melhorar as condições de vida dos municípios mineiros, o governo estadual mineiro instituiu, em 1995, a lei 12.040, conhecida como Lei Robin Hood. Esta permitia que 25% dos recursos de ICMS a serem distribuídos aos municípios mineiros se dessem sobre resultados observáveis em diversas áreas tais como saúde, educação, conservação ecológica, entre outras. Ou seja, instituia, em relação a estas transferências, um contrato de alto poder com os municípios relacionados às políticas públicas implementadas. O estudo destas transferências (relativas à educação e saúde) mostrou um forte impacto positivo na primeira (e inexistente na segunda). Dada a relativa escassez deste tipo de contrato em transferências federativas, este resultado aponta a necessidade de utilização de instrumentos de maior poder nas relações federativas, buscando incrementar as condições de vida locais.

Inequitable distribution of general practitioners in Australia: estimating need through the Robin Hood Index

Objective: From Census data, to document the distribution of general practitioners in Australia and to estimate the number of general practitioners needed to achieve an equitable distribution accounting for community health need. Methods: Data on location of general practitioners, population size and crude mortality by statistical division (SD) were obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. The number of patients per general practitioner by SD was calculated and plotted. Using crude mortality to estimate community health need, a ratio of the number of general practitioners per person:mortality was calculated for all Australia and for each SD (the Robin Hood Index). From this, the number of general practitioners needed to achieve equity was calculated. Results: In all, 26,290 general practitioners were identified in 57 SDs. The mean number of people per general practitioner is 707, ranging from 551 to 1887. Capital city SDs have most favourable ratios. The Robin Hood Index for Australia is 1, and ranges from 0.32 (relatively under-served) to 2.46 (relatively over-served). Twelve SDs (21%) including all capital cities and 65% of all Australians, have a Robin Hood Index > 1. To achieve equity per capita 2489 more general practitioners (10% of the current workforce) are needed. To achieve equity by the Robin Hood Index 3351 (13% of the current workforce) are needed. Conclusions: The distribution of general practitioners in Australia is skewed. Nonmetropolitan areas are relatively underserved. Census data and the Robin Hood Index could provide a simple means of identifying areas of need in Australia.

Robin Hood.

Resumen basado en el del autor. Se adjuntan enlaces de interés: http://www.nntec.co.uk/robinhood/, http://www.sherwoodinitiative.co.uk/, http://rodent.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/rh/rhhome.htm y http://us.imdb.com/M/title-substring?title=Robin+Hood&tv=both

Sherwood, or, Robin Hood and the three kings : a play in five acts.

Mode of access: Internet.

Selections (instrumental and vocal) from Robin Hood : a comic opera /

Libretto by Harry B. Smith.

Robin Hood: ballads and songs relating to that celebrated outlaw;

Mode of access: Internet.

Maid Marian, the forest queen; being a companion to "Robin Hood",

Mode of access: Internet.

Robin Hood; or, Sherwood forest: a comic opera. As it is performed at the Theatre-Royal, in Covent-Garden.

The music is principally by Shield. cf. Sonneck. Cat. of opera librettos.

Robin Hood and his merry foresters.

Mode of access: Internet.

Thèse de littérature sur les vicissitudes et les transformations du cycle populaire de Robin Hood.

Thèse--Faculté des lettres de Paris.

Robin Hood : opera in three acts /

Mode of access: Internet.

Stories of Robin Hood and his merry outlaws, retold from the old ballads.

Mode of access: Internet.

The merry adventures of Robin Hood of great renown, in Nottinghamshire.

Mode of access: Internet.