Laurostrongylus hoineffae n. gen., n. sp., a relict trichostrongylid from an endemic madagascan rodent

A new nematode, the type of a new genus and a new species Laurostrongylus hoineffae, parasitic in the cricetid rodent Gymnuromys roberti in Madagascar, is described. The species belongs to the Graphiidinae subfamily of Trichostrongylidae but some features point to its affinity to certain Libyostrongylinae, especially to two monospecific genera endemic in Madagascar Pararhabdonema and Cnizostrongylus. This ensemble of relict species seems thus to support the concept of a common ancestor for the Libyostrongylinae and Graphidiinae. The two subfamilies were supposed to originate in the Ethipian region. The presence of the three generain Madagascar could either indicate their Madagascan origin or, more likely, a continental origin with an insular niche allowing the preservation of the species.

Apedunculata discoidea gen. n., sp. n. (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) parasitic on Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1837) (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae) from southeastern Brazil

A new species of dactylogyrid monogenean, Apedunculata discoidea gen. n., sp. n. is described and illustrated from the gills of the freshwater fish Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1837) in pisciculture ponds from Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil. Diagnostic characters of the new genus and species are: 1) vagina dextrolateral slightly sclerotised, opening anteriorly at level of copulatory complex; 2) copulatory organ coiled with two counterclockwise rings; 3) Accessory piece distal and not articulated; 4) body disk-shaped, lacking a peduncle.

Description of Skermanella parooensis gen. nov., sp. nov. to accommodate Conglomeromonas largomobilis subsp. parooensis following the transfer of Conglomeromonas largomobilis subsp. largomobilis to the genus Azospirillum

As a consequence of the transfer of the type species Conglomeromonas largomobilis subsp. largomobilis to the genus Azospirillum, the name of the genus Conglomeromonas must be changed in accordance with Rule 37a(1) of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria. Consequently, it is proposed that the subspecies Conglomeromonas largomobilis subsp, parooensis be transferred to the genus Skermanella gen, nov. as the type species Skermanella parooensis gen, nov., sp, nov. This taxon belongs to an isolated subline of descent in the Azospirillum branch of the alpha-Proteobacteria. The spelling of the specific epithet of Azospirillum largomobile is corrected to Azospirillum largimobile.

Venusicola inusitatus gen. n., sp n. (Digenea, Acanthocolpidae) from the Venus tuskfish Choerodon venustus (De Vis) from the southern Great Barrier Reef

The new acanthocolpid genus Venusicola is erected for V. inusitatus sp, n. from the marine tuskfish Choerodon venustus from Heron Island on the southern Great Barrier Reef. This genus is unique in the family in having a greatly elongated ventral sucker with lateral apertural lips and a pavement of blunt spines lining the aperture.

Notopronocephalus peekayi gen. et sp. n. (Digenea: Pronocephalidae) from Australian freshwater turtles

Notopronocephalus peekayi gen, et sp, n. is described from the intestine of Elseya latisternum Gray, 1867, E. dentata (Gray, 1863) and Emydura signata Ahl, 1932 from rivers in Queensland. The new genus is distinguished by the absence of ventral glands, simple (neither diverticulate nor sinuous) caeca terminating at the anterior margin of the testes, excretory arms not uniting in forebody, single ovary, two opposite testes close to the posterior end of the body, intracaecal genital pore, vitelline follicles anterior to the testes, cirrus-sac orientated obliquely and not divided into two portions, and the uterus intracaecal. This is the first pronocephalid to be described from an Australian freshwater turtle and the first from the family Chelidae.

Miracetyma etimaruya gen. et sp. n. (COPEPODA, POECILOSTOMATOIDA, ERGASILIDAE) FROM FRESHWATER FISHES OF THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON

Miracetyma etimaruyagen. et sp. n. is proposed from the gills filaments of Curimata cyprinoides(Linnaeus, 1758), Potamorhina latior(Spix, 1829) and Psectrogaster essequibensis(Gunther, 1864). The species of the new genus is characterized by having a more complex latching antenna. The claw is greatly reduced and has a groove; the third segment has one or two grooves; the first, second and third segments have one or two cuticular extensions. The legs have pectinate setae and the first endopod is greatly modified, very long, and without setae. The first segment of the first endopod is large, strong and elongate and the second segment is subcylindrical, slender and elongate. These modifications imply in a loss of swimming capacity which is linked to secure fixation on the gill filament. As a result, the leg morphology has evolved other functions.

Anphira branchialis GEN. ET SP. NOV. (CRUSTACEA, ISOPODA, CYMOTHOIDAE) A GILL CAVITY PARASITE OF PIRANHAS (Serrasalmus SPP.) IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON

Anphira branchialisgen. et sp. nov. (Crustacea, Isopoda, Cymothoidae) is described from the dorsal areas of the gill chambers of three species of piranhas (Serrasalmusspp.). The fishes were caught in rivers near Manaus, Amazonas State and on Maracá island, Federal Territory of Roraima, Brasil. The new genus and species is characterized by having large, flat coxal plates on ail 7 pereonites. These plates usually extend beyond the margins of the following segments and the 7th ones extend nearly to the pleotelson and cover the lateral margins of the pleonites. The mandible of this species is rounded, "foot shaped" and without incisor. The mandibular palp is short and stout. The maxillules have 3 terminal and 2 subterminal spines. The pleopods are simple lamellar structures with rounded tips. Evidence is presented that these parasites feed on gill filaments.

Pindapixara tatira gen. et sp. n. (COPEPODA: ERGASILIDAE) DAS BRÂNQUIAS DE Hoplias malabaricus (BLOCH, 1794) (CHARACIFORMES: ERYTHRINIDAE) DA AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA.

Pindapixaragen. n. (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida, Ergasilidac) é proposto para uma nova espécie, Ρ tarira,coletada dos filamentos branquiais de Hoplias malabaricus(Bloch, 1794) do Rio Guaporé, próximo a Surprêsa, Rondônia, Brasil. A espécie do novo gênero é caracterizada, principalmente, por apresentar um tamanho pequeno (382 a 577 μm), antena com uma grande garra e o terceiro segmento extremamente reduzido.

Berengeria rafaeli, gen. nov., sp. nov. de Reduviinae da Reserva Ducke, Estado do Amazonas, Brasil (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Reduviidae)

Um novo gênero e espécie de Reduviinae (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Reduviidae) do Estado do Amazonas, Brasil, são descritos. Uma chave taxonômica para os gêneros Americanos de Reduviinae é fornecida.

Systematics, functional morphology and distribution of a bivalve (Apachecorbula muriatica gen. et sp. nov.) from the rim of the ‘Valdivia Deep’ brine pool in the Red Sea

The deep brine pools of the Red Sea comprise extreme, inhospitable habitats yet house microbial communities that potentially may fuel adjacent fauna. We here describe a novel bivalve from a deep-sea (1525 m) brine pool in the Red Sea, where conditions of high salinity, lowered pH, partial anoxia and high temperatures are prevalent. Remotely operated vehicle (ROV) footage showed that the bivalves were present in a narrow (20 cm) band along the rim of the brine pool, suggesting that it is not only tolerant of such extreme conditions but is also limited to them. The bivalve is a member of the Corbulidae and named Apachecorbula muriatica gen. et sp. nov. The shell is atypical of the family in being modioliform and thin. The semi-infaunal habit is seen in ROV images and reflected in the anatomy by the lack of siphons. The ctenidia are large and typical of a suspension feeding bivalve, but the absence of guard cilia and the greatly reduced labial palps suggest that it is non-selective as a response to low food availability. It is proposed that the low body mass observed is a consequence of the extreme habitat and low food availability. It is postulated that the observed morphology of Apachecorbula is a result of paedomorphosis driven by the effects of the extreme environment on growth but is in part mitigated by the absence of high predation pressures.

Cervifurca nasuta n. gen. et sp. : an interesting member of the Iniopterygidae (Subterbranchialia, Chondrichthyes) from the Pennsylvanian of Indiana, U.S.A. / Rainer Zangerl --.

n.s. no.35(1997)

Nova tripanozomiaze humana: estudos sobre a morfolojia e o ciclo evolutivo do Schizotrypanum cruzi n. gen., n. sp., ajente etiolojico de nova entidade morbida do homem

1º O Schizotrypanum cruzi apresenta, no organismo do conorrino, duas modalidades de desenvolvimento, reprezentando a primeira simples cultura do parazito; a outra, provavelmente precedida de fenomenos sexuais não surpreendidos, será, talvez, o ciclo evolutivo, eficaz na transmissão entre os vertebrados. 2º O Conorhinus é um verdadeiro hospede intermediario do Schizotrypanum, cujo ciclo é realizado num prazo minimo de 8 dias. 3º Os flajelados, com tipo de critidias encontrados nos conorrinos em liberdade, podem reprezentar estádios culturais do Schizotrypanum ou serão parazitos excluzivos do inséto. 4º A ocurrencia do ciclo evolutivo sexuado, no organismo do conorrino, depende de condição não explicada, dos flajelados no sangue dos vertebrados. Ao terminar, cumprimos o grato dever de afirmar o maior reconhecimento ao nosso mestre e Diretor Dr. Gonçalves Cruz, a cuja orientação devemos o rezultado destas pesquizas. Somos ainda profundamente grato aos nosso mestres, Professores S. von PROWAZEK e M. HARTMANN, de quem recebemos os melhores ensinamentos para concluzão deste trabalho. Tambem somos em extremo obrigado ao Dr. ADOLPHO LUTZ, cujo auxilio nos foi do mais alto proveito. Tivemos sempre, como esforçado companheiro de trabalho na zona infestada pela nova especie morbida, o Dr. BELISARIO PENNA, a quem devemos os inestimaveis proveitos de um auxilio eficaz.

Nematodes of Amazonian birds, with a description of Hoazinstrongylus amazonensis n.gen.n.sp. (Trichostrongylidae, Libyostrongylinae)

During recent studies of the parasites of birds from the Amazonian Regio, the following nematodes were recovered: Hoazinstrongylus amazonensis n.gen.n.sp. from Opisthocomus hoazin (Muller, 1776); Ascaridia columbae (Gmel., 1790) Travassos, 1913, from Leptotila r. rufaxilla (Richard & Bernard, 1712) representing a new host record; Inglisakis ibanezi Freitas, Vicente & Santos, 1969, Cyrnea (C.) semilunaris (Molin, 1860) Seurat, 1914 and Thelazia digitata Travassos, 1918. A compelte description is restrained to the new genus and new species here proposed. The other known and well described species are listed and accounted.

Neohilgertia venusti Gen. N. SP. N. (Nematoda: Oxyuridae)from Thylamys venustus cinderellus (Thomas) Reig, Kirsch & Marshall, 1985 (Marsupialia: Didelphidae) in Burruyacu, Tucuman, Argentina - Systematic position and possible evolution

Neohilgertia gen. n. proposed for Oxyuridae nematodes from Thylamys venustus cinderellus (Marsupialia: Didelphidae) is described. The hypothesis about the possibility of a secondary parasitism for marsupials and the origin of the genus in the African Sciuridae parasite ancestors is discussed.

Oswaldotrema nacinovici gen. nov. sp. nov. (Digenea: Philophthalmidae) from Numenius phaeopus (Aves: Scolopacidae) in Brazil

A new genus, Oswaldotrema gen. nov. is proposed. Oswaldotrema nacinovici sp. nov. is descibed from Numenius phaeopus Latham, 1790. Differentiation from the other related genera, namely Philophthalmus, Pygorchis, Proctobium, Parorchis, Echinostephila, Cloacitrema, Pittacium, Ophthalmotrema, Skrjabinovermis and Paratrema, was based on morphological characters, mainly on those referring to the body surface, body shape, head, esophagus, pharynx, acetabulum, vitellaria, vitelline reservoir and seminal vesicle.