Parallel characterizations of a generalized shapley value and a generalized banzhaf value for cooperative games with level structure of cooperation

We present parallel characterizations of two different values in the framework of restricted cooperation games. The restrictions are introduced as a finite sequence of partitions defined on the player set, each of them being coarser than the previous one, hence forming a structure of different levels of a priori unions. On the one hand, we consider a value first introduced in Ref. [18], which extends the Shapley value to games with different levels of a priori unions. On the other hand, we introduce another solution for the same type of games, which extends the Banzhaf value in the same manner. We characterize these two values using logically comparable properties.

The effectiveness of explicit strategy instruction on the top level structure of a text

Thesis (M.Ed.)-- Brock University, 1995.

{2p_\pi}-{2p_\sigma} crossing in heavy symmetric ion-atom collisions: I. Level structure

Ab initio self-consistent DFS calculations are performed for five different symmetric atomic systems from Ar-Ar to Pb-Pb. The level structure for the {2p_\pi}-{2p_\sigma} crossing as function of the united atomic charge Z_u is studied and interpreted. Manybody effects, spin-orbit splitting, direct relativistic effects as well as indirect relativistic effects are differently important for different Z_u. For the I-I system a comparison with other calculations is given.

Atomic-level structure and deformation in metallic glasses

Metallic glasses (MGs) are a relatively new class of materials discovered in 1960 and lauded for its high strengths and superior elastic properties. Three major obstacles prevent their widespread use as engineering materials for nanotechnology and industry: 1) their lack of plasticity mechanisms for deformation beyond the elastic limit, 2) their disordered atomic structure, which prevents effective study of their structure-to-property relationships, and 3) their poor glass forming ability, which limits bulk metallic glasses to sizes on the order of centimeters. We focused on understanding the first two major challenges by observing the mechanical properties of nanoscale metallic glasses in order to gain insight into its atomic-level structure and deformation mechanisms. We found that anomalous stable plastic flow emerges in room-temperature MGs at the nanoscale in wires as little as ~100 nanometers wide regardless of fabrication route (ion-irradiated or not). To circumvent experimental challenges in characterizing the atomic-level structure, extensive molecular dynamics simulations were conducted using approximated (embedded atom method) potentials to probe the underlying processes that give rise to plasticity in nanowires. Simulated results showed that mechanisms of relaxation via the sample free surfaces contribute to tensile ductility in these nanowires. Continuing with characterizing nanoscale properties, we studied the fracture properties of nano-notched MGnanowires and the compressive response of MG nanolattices at cryogenic (~130 K) temperatures. We learned from these experiments that nanowires are sensitive to flaws when the (amorphous) microstructure does not contribute stress concentrations, and that nano-architected structures with MG nanoribbons are brittle at low temperatures except when elastic shell buckling mechanisms dominate at low ribbon thicknesses (~20 nm), which instead gives rise to fully recoverable nanostructures regardless of temperature. Finally, motivated by understanding structure-to-property relationships in MGs, we studied the disordered atomic structure using a combination of in-situ X-ray tomography and X-ray diffraction in a diamond anvil cell and molecular dynamics simulations. Synchrotron X-ray experiments showed the progression of the atomic-level structure (in momentum space) and macroscale volume under increasing hydrostatic pressures. Corresponding simulations provided information on the real space structure, and we found that the samples displayed fractal scaling (r^d ∝ V, d < 3) at short length scales (< ~8 Å), and exhibited a crossover to a homogeneous scaling (d = 3) at long length scales. We examined this underlying fractal structure of MGs with parallels to percolation clusters and discuss the implications of this structural analogy to MG properties and the glass transition phenomenon.

Structure and luminescence of Eu3+-doped class I siloxane-poly(ethylene glycol) hybrids

Transparent, flexible, and luminescent EU3+-doped siloxane-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) nanocomposites have been obtained by the sol-gel process. The inorganic (siloxane) and organic PEG phases are usually linked by weak bonds (hydrogen bonds or van der Waals forces), and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements suggest that the structure of these materials consists of fractal siloxane aggregates embedded in the PEG matrix. For low Eu3+ contents, n = 300 and n = 80, the aggregates are small and isolated and their fractal dimensions are 2.1 and 1.7, respectively. These values are close to those expected for gelation mechanisms consisting of reaction-limited cluster-cluster aggregation (RLCCA) and diffusion-limited cluster-cluster aggregation (DLCCA). For high Eu3+ content, SAYS results are consistent with a two-level structure: a primary level of siloxane aggregates and a second level, much larger, formed by the coalescence of the primary ones. The observed increase in the glass transition temperature for increasing Eu3+ content is consistent with the structural model derived from SAXS measurements. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and luminescence spectroscopy measurements indicate that under the experimental conditions utilized here Eu3+ ions do not strongly interact with the polymeric phase.

Mixing of 0(+) and 0(-) observed in the hyperfine and Zeeman structure of ultracold Rb-2 molecules

We study the combination of the hyperfine and Zeeman structure in the spin-orbit coupled A(1)Sigma(+)(u) = b(3)Pi(u) complex of Rb-87(2). For this purpose, absorption spectroscopy at a magnetic field around B = 1000 G is carried out. We drive optical dipole transitions from the lowest rotational state of an ultracold Feshbach molecule to various vibrational levels with 0(+) symmetry of the A - b complex. In contrast to previous measurements with rotationally excited alkali-dimers, we do not observe equal spacings of the hyperfine levels. In addition, the spectra vary substantially for different vibrational quantum numbers, and exhibit large splittings of up to 160 MHz, unexpected for 0(+) states. The level structure is explained to be a result of the repulsion between the states 0(+) and 0(-) of b(3)Pi(u), coupled via hyperfine and Zeeman interactions. In general, 0(-) and 0(+) have a spin-orbit induced energy spacing Delta, that is different for the individual vibrational states. From each measured spectrum we are able to extract Delta, which otherwise is not easily accessible in conventional spectroscopy schemes. We obtain values of Delta in the range of +/- 100 GHz which can be described by coupled channel calculations if a spin-orbit coupling is introduced that is different for 0(-) and 0(+) of b(3)Pi(u).

Decoherence and coherent population transfer between two coupled systems

We show that an arbitrary system described by two dipole moments exhibits coherent superpositions of internal states that can be completely decoupled fi om the dissipative interactions (responsible for decoherence) and an external driving laser field. These superpositions, known as dark or trapping states, can he completely stable or can coherently interact with the remaining states. We examine the master equation describing the dissipative evolution of the system and identify conditions for population trapping and also classify processes that can transfer the population to these undriven and nondecaying states. It is shown that coherent transfers are possible only if the two systems are nonidentical, that is the transitions have different frequencies and/or decay rates. in particular, we find that the trapping conditions can involve both coherent and dissipative interactions, and depending on the energy level structure of the system, the population can be trapped in a linear superposition of two or more bare states, a dressed state corresponding to an eigenstate of the system plus external fields or, in some cases. in one of the excited states of the system. A comprehensive analysis is presented of the different processes that are responsible for population trapping, and we illustrate these ideas with three examples of two coupled systems: single V- and Lambda-type three-level atoms and two nonidentical tao-level atoms, which are known to exhibit dark states. We show that the effect of population trapping does not necessarily require decoupling of the antisymmetric superposition from the dissipative interactions. We also find that the vacuum-induced coherent coupling between the systems could be easily observed in Lambda-type atoms. Our analysis of the population trapping in two nonidentical atoms shows that the atoms can be driven into a maximally entangled state which is completely decoupled from the dissipative interaction.

ISO 9001:2015, Uma Oportunidade para o Reajustamento das Empresas no Sector Metalúrgico Metalomecânico

O pretexto da implementação de um Sistema de Gestão da Qualidade numa empresa de produção de fundos copados, constitui pretexto para provocar uma análise mais profunda e fundamentada do tema e objetivo para este projeto. Entender um conceito tão subjetivo como o de qualidade afigura-se como necessidade primária para o início da reflexão. Percorremos em seguida a história do conceito desde a Europa Medieval até à revolução na qualidade que acabaria por acontecer no Japão após a II Guerra Mundial. A qualidade como a entendemos hoje deve-se ainda a contributos de personalidades que identificaram vários métodos que surgiram ao longo do tempo e que foram melhorando o conceito, de entre as quais se referem três: William Deming, Joseph Moses Juran e Philip B. Crosby. Em seguida reflete-se acerca do impacto real da implementação da ISO 9000, recorrendo ao estudo de Olivier Boiral, que fornece uma aproximação bastante real dos benefícios da implementação de sistemas de gestão da qualidade. Ainda no segundo capítulo analisamos a importância do processo de certificação, concluindo que a tarefa extra de uma organização externa certificar o SGQ constitui indubitavelmente uma forma de manter o sistema rigoroso e disciplinado. No terceiro capítulo, “ISO 9001:2008 VERSUS ISO 9001:2015”, analisamos em detalhe as principais alterações da futura norma ISO 9001:2015 relativamente à iISO 9001:2008: introdução do “pensamento baseado no risco”; enfase dado à abordagem por processos; enfase dado à “gestão da mudança”; “gestão do conhecimento”; “direção estratégica”, integrando os sistemas de gestão e da qualidade; a determinação de que todas as normas que integram um sistema de gestão seguirão um novo formato, chamado “high-level structure” como definido no Anexo SL; e enfase ainda dado à consideração do feedback de todos os processos e stakeholders envolvidos. Seguidamente, no capítulo “Apresentação da “Empresa Lda””, apresenta-se a empresa alvo deste caso de estudo, uma indústria metalomecânica que fabrica fundos copados para o mercado nacional e internacional. Analisadas as principais alterações entre a atual e a futura norma, no capítulo “SGQ Proposto Assente na Futura Norma ISO 9001:2015” propõem-se alterações ao sistema já implementado anteriormente com base na aceitação da futura ISO 9001:2015 e alterações que esta prevê. Os processos e procedimentos que representem mais tempo e custo serão 6 identificados, assim como aqueles que poderão ser mais rapidamente adaptados para que o SGQ seja assim otimizado e mais adaptado aos recursos disponíveis. Para esta reflexão e desenvolvimento de uma nova estratégia recorre-se a vários instrumentos: estabelecem-se objetivos, efectua-se a análise SWOT, uma análise FMEA, a Análise de Gestão do Conhecimento e finalmente a Análise das Partes Interessadas. Em conjunto com as propostas de ações referidas nas análises anteriores descrevem-se de seguida as propostas de ação de intervenção nos fluxogramas. Os processos e procedimentos que aqui se destacam são aqueles que se consideram poderem constituir impacto eficaz e que vão ao encontro daquilo que é proposto na nova norma ISO 9001:2015, tendo em conta as principais alterações vistas anteriormente.

Speed control of induction machine based on direct torque control method

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores

Thermal modeling and management in ultrathin chip stack technology

This paper presents a thermal modeling for power management of a new three-dimensional (3-D) thinned dies stacking process. Besides the high concentration of power dissipating sources, which is the direct consequence of the very interesting integration efficiency increase, this new ultra-compact packaging technology can suffer of the poor thermal conductivity (about 700 times smaller than silicon one) of the benzocyclobutene (BCB) used as both adhesive and planarization layers in each level of the stack. Thermal simulation was conducted using three-dimensional (3-D) FEM tool to analyze the specific behaviors in such stacked structure and to optimize the design rules. This study first describes the heat transfer limitation through the vertical path by examining particularly the case of the high dissipating sources under small area. First results of characterization in transient regime by means of dedicated test device mounted in single level structure are presented. For the design optimization, the thermal draining capabilities of a copper grid or full copper plate embedded in the intermediate layer of stacked structure are evaluated as a function of the technological parameters and the physical properties. It is shown an interest for the transverse heat extraction under the buffer devices dissipating most the power and generally localized in the peripheral zone, and for the temperature uniformization, by heat spreading mechanism, in the localized regions where the attachment of the thin die is altered. Finally, all conclusions of this analysis are used for the quantitative projections of the thermal performance of a first demonstrator based on a three-levels stacking structure for space application.

Oliopohjainen konenäkösovelluskehys

Monet teollisuuden konenäkö- ja hahmontunnistusongelmat ovat hyvin samantapaisia, jolloin prototyyppisovelluksia suunniteltaessa voitaisiin hyödyntää pitkälti samoja komponentteja. Oliopohjaiset sovelluskehykset tarjoavat erinomaisen tavan nopeuttaa ohjelmistokehitystä uudelleenkäytettävyyttä parantamalla. Näin voidaan sekä mahdollistaa konenäkösovellusten laajempi käyttö että säästää kustannuksissa. Tässä työssä esitellään konenäkösovelluskehys, joka on perusarkkitehtuuriltaan liukuhihnamainen. Ylätason rakenne koostuu sensorista, datankäsittelyoperaatioista, piirreirrottimesta sekä luokittimesta. Itse sovelluskehyksen lisäksi on toteutettu joukko kuvankäsittely- ja hahmontunnistusoperaatioita. Sovelluskehys nopeuttaa selvästi ohjelmointityötä ja helpottaa uusien kuvankäsittelyoperaatioiden lisää mistä.

Argon predissociation spectroscopy of the OH-center dot H2O and Cl-center dot H2O complexes in the 1000-1900 cm(-1) region: Intramolecular bending transitions and the search for the shared-proton fundamental in the hydroxide monohydrate

We present argon predissociation vibrational spectra of the OH-.H2O and Cl-.H2O complexes in the 1000-1900 cm(-1) energy range, far below the OH stretching region reported in previous studies. This extension allows us to explore the fundamental transitions of the intramolecular bending vibrations associated with the water molecule, as well as that of the shared proton inferred from previous assignments of overtones in the higher energy region. Although the water bending fundamental in the Cl-.H2O spectrum is in very good agreement with expectations, the OH-.H2O spectrum is quite different than anticipated, being dominated by a strong feature at 1090 cm(-1). New full-diniensionality calculations of the OH-.H2O vibrational level structure using diffusion Monte Carlo and the VSCF/CI methods indicate this band arises from excitation of the shared proton.

Gamma transition intensity determination using multidetector coincidence data

This work describes two similar methods for calculating gamma transition intensities from multidetector coincidence measurements. In the first one, applicable to experiments where the angular correlation function is explicitly fitted, the normalization parameter from this fit is used to determine the gamma transition intensities. In the second, that can be used both in angular correlation or DCO measurements, the spectra obtained for all the detector pairs are summed up, in order to get the best detection statistics possible, and the analysis of the resulting bidimensional spectrum is used to calculate the transition intensities; in this method, the summation of data corresponding to different angles minimizes the influence of the angular correlation coefficient. Both methods are then tested in the calculation of intensities for well-known transitions from a (152)Eu standard source, as well as in the calculation of intensities obtained in beta-decay experiments with (193)Os and (155)Sm sources, yielding excellent results in all these cases. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Optical energy storage properties of Sr(2)MgSi(2)O(7):Eu(2+),R(3+) persistent luminescence materials

The details of the mechanism of persistent luminescence were probed by investigating the trap level structure of Sr(2)MgSi(2)O(7):Eu(2+),R(3+) materials (R: Y, La-Lu, excluding Pm and Eu) with thermoluminescence (TL) measurements and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The TL results indicated that the shallowest traps for each Sr(2)MgSi(2)O(7):Eu(2+),R(3+) material above room temperature were always ca. 0.7 eV corresponding to a strong TL maximum at ca. 90 A degrees C. This main trap energy was only slightly modified by the different co-dopants, which, in contrast, had a significant effect on the depths of the deeper traps. The combined results of the trap level energies obtained from the experimental data and DFT calculations suggest that the main trap responsible for the persistent luminescence of the Sr(2)MgSi(2)O(7):Eu(2+),R(3+) materials is created by charge compensation lattice defects, identified tentatively as oxygen vacancies, induced by the R(3+) co-dopants.

Theoretical analysis of the energy levels induced by oxygen vacancies and the doping process (Co, Cu and Zn) on SnO2 (110) surface models

Density functional calculation at B3LYP level was employed to study the surface oxygen vacancies and the doping process of Co, Cu and Zn on SnO2 (110) surface models. Large clusters, based on (SnO2)(15) models, were selected to simulate the oxidized (Sn15O30), half-reduced (Sn15O29) and the reduced (Sn15O28) surfaces. The doping process was considered on the reduced surfaces: Sn13Co2O28, Sn13Cu2O28 and Sn13Zn2O28. The results are analyzed and discussed based on a calculation of the energy levels along the bulk band gap region, determined by a projection of the monoelectron level structure on to the atomic basis set and by the density of states. This procedure enables one to distinguish the states coming from the bulk, the oxygen vacancies and the doping process, on passing from an oxidized to a reduced surface, missing bridge oxygen atoms generate electronic levels along the band gap region, associated with 5s/5p of four-/five-fold Sn and 2p of in-plane O centers located on the exposed surface, which is in agreement with previous theoretical and experimental investigations. The formation energy of one and two oxygen vacancies is 3.0 and 3.9 eV, respectively. (C) 2001 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.