Variability in UVB Tolerances of Melanized and Nonmelanized Cells of Cryptococcus neoformans and C-laurentii

Solar radiation is one of the major factors responsible for the control of fungus populations in the environment. Inactivation by UVA and UVB radiation is especially important for the control of fungi that disperse infective units through the air, including fungi such as Cryptococcus spp. that infect their vertebrate hosts by inhalation. Cryptococcus neoformans produces melanin in the presence of certain exogenous substrates such as l-3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine and melanization may protect the fungus against biotic and abiotic environmental factors. In the present study, we investigated the effect of exposure to an UVB irradiance of 1000 mW m(-2) (biologically effective weighted irradiance) on the survival of melanized and nonmelanized cells of four strains of C. neoformans and four strains of C. laurentii. The relative survival (survival of cells exposed to radiation in relation to cells not exposed) of cells grown 2, 4, 6 or 8 days on medium with or without L-dopa was determined after exposure to UVB doses of 1.8 and 3.6 kJ m(-2). Both the irradiance spectrum and the intensities of those doses are environmentally realistic, and, in fact, occur routinely during summer months in temperate regions. Differences in tolerance to UVB radiation were observed between the C. neoformans and C. laurentii strains. The C. neoformans strains were more susceptible to UVB radiation than the C. laurentii strains. In C. neoformans, differences in tolerance to radiation were observed during development of both melanized and nonmelanized cells. For most treatments (strain, time of growth and UVB dose), there were virtually no differences in tolerances between melanized and nonmelanized cells, but when differences occurred they were smaller than those previously observed with UVC. In tests with two strains of C. laurentii, there was no difference in tolerance to UVB radiation between melanized and nonmelanized cells during 8 days of culture; and in tests with four strains for less culture time (4 days) there were no significant differences in tolerance between melanized and nonmelanized cells of any strain of this species.

Evaluation of the Experimental Inoculation of Cryptococcus albidus and Cryptococcus laurentii in Normal Mice: Virulence Factors and Molecular Profile Before and After Animal Passage

The genus Cryptococcus includes free-developing species, a few of which are of medical importance. Some, such as C. neoformans and C. gattii, cause infections in man frequently and C. albidus and C. laurentii cause less so. The aims of this study were to evaluate organ colonization after inoculation of C. albidus and C. laurentii isolates in normal BALB/c mice, the virulence factors (growth at 37A degrees C, capsule, melanin, proteinase, and phospholipase production) and the molecular profile (PCR-fingerprinting) of the yeasts before and after infection. The importance of different profiles (virulence and molecular) was considered in relation to the distribution in different organs and to the time intervals of isolation from organs. C. albidus was isolated from animal organs 2 to 10 days after inoculation and C. laurentii from 2 to 120 days. Most isolates of the two species kept the virulence factors showed before inoculation. The high homogeneity of the molecular profile of C. albidus and the high heterogeneity of C. laurentii were kept through the passages in animals. It is concluded that most isolates of both species were recovered from the animal organs after 5 or more days, and phenotypes were not altered by inoculation. No molecular alteration was detected and the virulence factors were not related to the time intervals before isolation from organs.

Anatomia histológica de alguns órgãos da lagarta e do adulto da Brassolis sophorae laurentii Stichel, 1925

O autor continuando os seus estudos sôbre a Brassolis sophorae laurentii Stichel, estende-o a anatomia histológica de alguns órgãos, do adulto e da lagarta, especialmente do aparelho digestivo e do reprodutor.

Anatomia morfológica, externa e interna da lagarta, e do adulto da Brassolis sophorae laurentii Stichel, 1925

O autor neste trabalho faz a descrição morfológica externa e interna da lagarta e do adulto de Brassolis sophorae Laurentii Stichel, inseto praga das palmeiras. Descreve o aspecto externo e após dissecação em líquido Ringer, estuda a morfologia dos diversos aparelhos, inclusive a genitalia do macho e ovos.

1.° Laurentii Vallae de falsò credita Constantini donatione declamatio. — 2.° Septem Sapientum praeclarè dicta, collecta à Demetrio Phalereo : interprete Cleorgio Hermonymo, Spartano.

Colbertinus

"Laurentii Vallensis opus in donationem Constantini".

Provenance: n° X de la "liste des mss remis par Mr Van Praet à Mr du Theil le 17 brumaire an XIII (9 nov. 1804)"; cf. B.n.F., département des Manuscrits, Archives Modernes 520; — ex-libris du XVIIe-XVIIIe s. "Gobet" (3); — note du XVIIIe s. "Cela est imprimé mais le beau ms. que je vous envoye a bien des merite. Il vient de la bibl. de Jean de Gannay chancelier de France comme vous verrés par une notice en tete qu'il ne faut pas perdre [le conseil n'a pas été suivi]. Il paroit avoir été copié lorsqu'il etoit chancelier de Naples sous Charles VIII. Il a appartenu a un Fr. des Gravelles, Gravellin. Il est ecrit presque dans le tems ou l'auteur le composa, jugés si c'etoit un secret de se le procurer alors. Au reste c'est a vous d'apprecier mes reveries. C'est certainement un apographe, voyez les corrections a la marge" (2v)

Cryptococcus laurentii aplicado em pós-colheita reduz podridões em maçãs

As podridões pós-colheita podem ocasionar perdas substanciais em maçãs (Malus domestica). O mofo azul (Penicillium expansum), a podridão amarga (Glomerella cingulata) e a podridão olho-de-boi (Pezicula malicorticis) estão entre as mais comuns. Grande atenção tem sido dada ao uso de alternativas de controle às doenças pós-colheita. A aplicação pós-colheita de leveduras, como o Cryptococcus laurentii, é uma das opções. Neste estudo testou-se a eficiência de C. laurentii (isolado 36) para o controle de podridões em maçãs 'Fuji' e 'Gala'. Após aplicação dos produtos, através de imersão, os frutos foram armazenados em laboratório (15-20 ºC / 60-70% UR) ou em câmara fria (1 ºC / 90-95% UR). Os patógenos foram inoculados na concentração de 10² conídios ml-1, a levedura a 10(7) células ml-1 e os fungicidas a 150 mg l-1. Em testes de laboratório, a aplicação de C. laurentii reduziu as podridões (G. cingulata, P. expansum e P. malicorticis) da maçã tanto quanto os fungicidas testados (thiabendazol e iprodione). Nos testes efetuados em câmara fria, constatou-se que, após o armazenamento, o tratamento de maçãs com C. laurentii foi tão eficiente quanto os tratamentos com fungicidas (thiabendazol, iprodione, digluconato de clorohexidina, dicloro-s-triazinatriona sódica, dicloroisocianurato de sódio e hipoclorito de sódio) na redução da podridão causada por P. expansum. Aplicação de C. laurentii não alterou a firmeza de polpa nem o teor de sólidos solúveis totais (°Brix) dos frutos.

1.° Passio sancti Sixti et sociorum. — 2.° Passio sancti Laurentii. — 3.° Passio sancti Hippolyti. — 4.° Passio sanctorum Abdon et Sennes. — 5.° Passio sancti Symphoriani. — 6.° Passio sanctorum Timothei et Apollinaris. — 7.° Passio sanctae Susannae, Virginis. — 8.° Passio sancti Antonini. — 9.° Vita sancti Barsanorii, Abbatis. — 10.° Vita sancti Nicolai, Myrensis Episcopi. — 11.° Narratio de ejusdem translatione : authore Joanne, Archidiacono Barrensi. — 12.° Vita sancti Leonardi. — 13.° Vita sancti Odonis, Abbatis : authore Joanne, Monacho. — 14.° Vita beati Majoli : authore Odilone, Presbytero. — 15.° Vita beati Odilonis, Abbatis : authore Petro Damiano. — 16.° Vita sancti Tetbaldi, Confessoris. — 17.° Vita Euphimiani, servi Dei. — 18.° Passio S. Eustachii et uxoris ejus. — 19.° Vita sancti Romani, Rothomagensis Archiepiscopi. — 20.° Bedae, Presbyteri, tractatus in Proverbia Salomonis : initium tantùm superest.

Bigotianus

Laurentii Vallae de vero bono libri tres.

Mazarinaeus

1.° Compositiones instrumentorum astronomicorum, unà cum eorumdem usu et utilitate : authore Nicolao Guglero. — 2.° Compositio theoricarum planetarum : authore Philippo Imsero, astronomiae Professore Tubingae. — 3.° Structura instrumenti imaginatorii theoricae solis : authore Nicolao Guglero — 4.° Compositio instrumenti primi mobilis. — 5.° Astrolabii compositio de projectione sphaerae in planum : authore Philippo Impsero. — 6.° Anonymi tractatus de orbibus coelestibus. — 7.° Philippi Imseri annotationes in tabulas resolutas, et in tabulas directionum. — 8.° Nicolai Gugleri prognosticon. — 9.° Joannis Schoveri chirographus ; sive nativitas Joannis Schoveri, quam ipse scripsit. — 10.° Erasmi Doppler, anno 1462. nati, horoscopium : authore Joanne Wernero, Mathematico. — 11.° Nicolai Gugleri opusculum de cometis. — 12.° Laurentii Bonicontrii tractatus de revolutionibus nativitatum. — 13.° Joannis Haffurt, medicinae Doctoris, tractatus de judicio urinae.

Mazarinaeus

Sancti Benedicti... Opera omnia... praecedente sancti Benedicti vita, ex libro II. Dialogorum sancti Gregorii Magni excerpta, cum graeco textu... Simul excusa sunt Joannis II, Agapoeti I et Sylverii, Summorum Pontificum, necnon sancti Laurentii, scripta universa...

Comprend : Scripta ; Sancti Benedicti vita, ex libro II. Dialogorum... excerpta... ; Scripta universa ; Scripta universa