O amor cortês e os Lais de Maria de França: um olhar historiográfico

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

A misosoginia medieval e seus ecos nos Lais de Maria de França

The Lais of Marie de France are a specific type of historical record about the medieval aristocratic society and enables us to decipher the hierarchies that govern the relationship between men and women in the period. As well explains Georges Duby, medieval society tends to present coated with a male character because, among other factors, its latent misogyny. Women were placed under male authority, convinced of their natural superiority , the men despised , mocked her sex , meanwhile feared them, after all, women were Eve’s daughters. So, Lais offer female images that cannot be ignored , since it express the author women’s idea. However , as we seek to demonstrate in this article, Maria of France reflects the representations of the Christian society aristocratic. One note here that this article does not aspire to reach the actual circumstances, but the historical significance of female images present in the Lais.

Lais de Corinto : biografía anecdótica de esta célebre hetaira /

Mode of access: Internet.

Lais inédits des XIIe et XIIIe siècles,

Mode of access: Internet.

Poésies de Marie de France, poéte Anglo-Normand du XIIIe siècle; ou Recueil de lais, fabels et autres productions de cette femme célèbre; publiées d'aprés les manuscripts de France et d'Angleterre, avec une notice sur la vie et les ouvrages de Marie; la traduction de ses lais en regard du texte, avec des notes, des commentaires, des observations sur les usages et coutumes des François et des Anglois dans les XIIe et XIIIe siècles;

Frontispieces engraved by Adrien Godefroy after Charles Chasselat, marked in plate.

Efficacy and safety of second-generation antipsychotic long-acting injections (SGA LAIs) in maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder:protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

INTRODUCTION: Bipolar disorder requires long-term treatment but non-adherence is a common problem. Antipsychotic long-acting injections (LAIs) have been suggested to improve adherence but none are licensed in the UK for bipolar. However, the use of second-generation antipsychotics (SGA) LAIs in bipolar is not uncommon albeit there is a lack of systematic review in this area. This study aims to systematically review safety and efficacy of SGA LAIs in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The protocol is based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and will include only randomised controlled trials comparing SGA LAIs in bipolar. PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), PsychINFO, LiLACS, http://www.clinicaltrials.gov will be searched, with no language restriction, from 2000 to January 2016 as first SGA LAIs came to the market after 2000. Manufacturers of SGA LAIs will also be contacted. Primary efficacy outcome is relapse rate or delayed time to relapse or reduction in hospitalisation and primary safety outcomes are drop-out rates, all-cause discontinuation and discontinuation due to adverse events. Qualitative reporting of evidence will be based on 21 items listed on standards for reporting qualitative research (SRQR) focusing on study quality (assessed using the Jadad score, allocation concealment and data analysis), risk of bias and effect size. Publication bias will be assessed using funnel plots. If sufficient data are available meta-analysis will be performed with primary effect size as relative risk presented with 95% CI. Sensitivity analysis, conditional on number of studies and sample size, will be carried out on manic versus depressive symptoms and monotherapy versus adjunctive therapy.

Treason and trial : consuetudines and law in the romances of Chrétien de Troyes and the lais of Marie de France

Treason, in the romances of Chrdtien de Troyes and the lais of Marie de France, is explored more often as afin' amor problem than as a legal issue with its concomitant sociopolitical ramifications. It is precisely the historical function of literature within the ambit of court culture that appears to have shaped the legal context of the poems of Chrdtien de Troyes and the lais of Marie de France. Counterpoising the literary treatment of treason in Le Chevalier au Lion and Lanval with actions and definitions of treachery by contemporary, twelfth-century chronicle and customary law sources reveals that the conceptualized, fictional world of Chrdtien's Yvain closely reflects the workings of the Capetian society Chretien experienced. Marie's Lanval reflects as well the historical impressions of the Angevin court with which she had familiarity, a court whose concept of treason leaned more toward the maiestas concept found in Roman jurisprudence tradition.

Ambiente de inovação no Laboratório de Inovação Tecnológica em Saúde – LAIS/UFRN: mapeamento, interações e gerenciamento

Innovation has become an increasingly central issue of great reputation, not only in literature but also in management practices, becoming a strategic issue for managers of organizations. Allied to this, there is a high degree of competitiveness on the market, which contributes to the complexity of decision making, since managers need to maintain a continuous cycle of renewal processes and products. Thus, market pressures for new alternatives encourage innovation within organizations as a foundation for culture change in pursuit of survival and increased competitiveness, making it essential to know the factors that promote the advancement of organizational environments targeted innovation. Confirming this view, Bouchikhi and Kimberly (2001) symbolically expressed the idea with two statements: (1) companies need to innovate to survive, otherwise they die; and (2) the wide recognition of this need, as well as the difficulty to encourage and support innovation and entrepreneurship in business, has generated a mini-industry research and consulting in management focused on these topics. This study is characterized as descriptive with qualitative and quantitative methods. As for the planning of the research, it was decided to bibliographical research and the case study. The research, developed here, is meant to examine the organizational environment of a laboratory focused on technological innovation in health, which is a reference in research and technology of Rio Grande do Norte, and ensure that it presents opportunities to develop innovations. Therefore, the technologies developed by the Laboratório de Inovação Tecnológica em Saúde - LAIS/UFRN were mapped and then a questionnaire with the stakeholders of LAIS/UFRN was applied. This questionnaire is closed and Likert scale. As a result, it follows that the dimensions 1, 6, 7 and 8 are the most influential to form an innovative environment at LAIS.

A pré-história e reencontro com o tempo em Sem tecto, entre ruínas de Augusto Abelaira

O presente trabalho consiste em um estudo crítico do romance Sem tecto, entre ruínas, de Augusto Abelaira. Inicialmente é feita a análise sobre as possíveis consequências de uma apreensão descontínua e material do tempo, seus efeitos nas relações entre o protagonista e seu mundo, que se apresentam sob a forma de tédio e paralisia. Para a crítica proposta foram retomados conceitos descontinuidade e homogeneidade apresentados pelo filósofo Henri Bergson, além da noção de desligamento e desejo demonstrados pela sociologia de Zigmunt Bauman. O próximo alvo contemplado na pesquisa é a presença da memória e da lembrança indicados sob o ponto de vista contínuo do tempo, também analisados à luz da filosofia de Bergson, além do pensamento de Gilles Deleuze. A partir desse caminho investigativo é possível pensar a condição do protagonista como um confronto de si, uma experiência do tempo que traz uma revelação mediante a condição de ser tarde demais

Effect of annual weeds on the growth of perennial grass mixtures in the alpine region of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

In the alpine region of the Tibetan Plateau, five perennial grass cultivars, Bromus inermis (B), Elymus nutans (E), Clinelymus nutans (C), Agropyron cristatum (A), and Poa crymophila (P) were combined into nine communities with different compositions and ratios, B+C, E+A, B+E+A, E+B+C,C+E+A,B+E+C+A,B+C+A+P,B+E+A+P and E+C+A+P. Each combination was sown in six 10 X 10 m plots with three hand-weeded plots and three natural-growing plots in a completely randomised design in 1998. A field experiment studied the performance of these perennial grass combinations under the competitive interference of annual weeds in 3 consecutive years from 1998 to 2000. The results showed that annual weeds occupied more space and suppressed the growth of the grasses due to earlier germination and quicker growth in the establishment year, but this pattern changed in the second and third years. Leaf area indexes (LAIs) of grasses were greatly decreased by the competitive interference of weeds, and the negative effect of weeds on LAIs of grasses declined and stabilised in the second and third years. E+B+C, B+E+C+A, and B+E+A+P possessed relatively higher LAIs (P < 0.05) among all grass combinations and their LAIs were close to five when the competitive interference of weeds was removed. Grasses were competitively inferior to weeds in the establishment year, although their competitive ability (aggressivities) increased throughout the growing season. In the second and third years, grasses were competitively superior to weeds, and their competitive ability decreased from May until August and increased in September. Dry matter (DM) yields of grasses were reduced by 29.8-74.1% in the establishment year, 11.0-64.9% in the second year, and 16.0-55.8% in the third year by the competitive interference of weeds. B+E+C+A and B+E+A+P can produce around 14 t/ha of DM yields, significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the production of the other grass combinations in the second and third years after the competitive interference of weeds was removed. It was preliminarily concluded that removal of competitive interference of weeds increased the LAIs of all grass swards and improved the light interception of grasses, thus promoting the production of perennial grass pastures. The germination stage of the grasses in the establishment year was the critical period for weeding and suppression of weeds should occur at an early stage of plant growth. The grass combinations of B+E+C+A and B+E+A+P were productive and can be extensively established in the alpine regions of the Tibetan Plateau. Two or three growing seasons will be needed before determining success of establishment of grass mixtures under the alpine conditions of the Tibetan Plateau.

The Well London program - a cluster randomized trial of community engagement for improving health behaviors and mental wellbeing: baseline survey results

Background The Well London programme used community engagement, complemented by changes to the physical and social neighbourhood environment, to improve physical activity levels, healthy eating and mental wellbeing in the most deprived communities in London. The effectiveness of Well London is being evaluated in a pair-matched cluster randomised trial (CRT). The baseline survey data are reported here. Methods The CRT involved 20 matched pairs of intervention and control communities (defined as UK census lower super output areas; ranked in the 11% most deprived LSOAs in London by Index of Multiple Deprivation) across 20 London boroughs. The primary trial outcomes, sociodemographic information and environmental neighbourhood characteristics were assessed in three quantitative components within the Well London CRT at baseline: a cross-sectional, interviewer-administered adult household survey; a self-completed, school-based adolescent questionnaire; a fieldworker completed neighbourhood environmental audit. Baseline data collection occurred in 2008. Physical activity, healthy eating and mental wellbeing were assessed using standardised, validated questionnaire tools. Multiple imputation was used to account for missing data in the outcomes and other variables in the adult and adolescent surveys. Results There were 4107 adults and 1214 adolescent respondents in the baseline surveys. The intervention and control areas were broadly comparable with respect to the primary outcomes and key sociodemographic characteristics. The environmental characteristics of the intervention and control neighbourhoods were broadly similar. There was greater between cluster variation in the primary outcomes in the adult population compared to the adolescent population. Levels of healthy eating, smoking and self-reported anxiety/depression were similar in the Well London population and the national Health Survey for England. Levels of physical activity were higher in the Well London population but this is likely to be due to the different measurement tools used in the two surveys. Conclusions Randomisation of social interventions such as Well London is acceptable and feasible and in this study the intervention and control arms are well balanced with respect to the primary outcomes and key sociodemographic characteristics. The matched design has improved the statistical efficiency of the study amongst adults but less so amongst adolescents. Follow-up data collection will be completed 2012.

Français 2168

Contient : 1° « De l'Atre perillous » ; 2° « Li Vilains de Farbu » ; 3° « Li Lais de Eudemarec » ; 4° « Li Lais de Gugemer » ; 5° « De Lanval » ; 6° « De Narciso li lais » ; 7° « L'Aventure de Graalent » ; 8° « C'est d'Aucasin et de Nicolete » ; 9° « Li Favliaus d'infer » ; 10° « Li Faveliaus de quaresme et de carnage » ; 11° « Du Secretain », ou « Li fablax du moine » ; 12° Fabliau ; 13° « L'Image du monde » [par GAUTIER DE METZ] ; 14° « Le Vie Carlemaine, si com il ala en Espaigne » ; 15° « Li Bestiaires, chesont les fables de pluseurs bestes », par « ISOPS », traduites [par MARIE DE FRANCE] ; 16° « Le Devision des quinze singnes » ; 17° « Li drois Bestiaires de le devine Escripture » ; 18° « Du Bouchier d'Abevile » ; 19° « Du Tort contre le tort » ; 20° « Lucidaires en roumans » ; 21° « De le vielle Truande » ; 22° « Li Fabliaus de Dagombert »

Benefits of Implementing Lean Practices and the Impact of the Lean Aerospace Initiative in the Defense Aerospace Industry and Government Agencies

In the 1980’s, many United States industrial organizations started developing new production processes to improve quality, reduce cost, and better respond to customer needs and the pressures of global competition. This new paradigm was coined Lean Production (or simply “Lean”) in the book The Machine That Changed The World published in 1990 by researchers from MIT’s International Motor Vehicle Program. In 1993, a consortium of US defense aerospace firms and the USAF Aeronautical Systems Center, together with the AFRL Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, started the Lean Aircraft Initiative (LAI) at MIT. With expansion in 1998 to include government space products, the program was renamed the Lean Aerospace Initiative. LAI’s vision is to “Significantly reduce the cost and cycle time for military aerospace products throughout the entire value chain while continuing to improve product performance.” By late 1998, 23 industry and 13 government organizations with paying memberships, along with MIT and the UAW were participating in the LAI.

Importancia de la musculatura supra e infrahioidea en la biomec??nica mandibular

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

Vida y obra de Pere Torroella

"ADVERTIMENT. La versió definitiva d'aquesta tesi doctoral està en premsa a l'editorial Barcino, Col·lecció Els Nostres Clàssics, Barcelona. En la nova versió s'hi han introduit nombroses millores, nous capítols i correccions importants. Es prega que, per a qualsevol citació, s'utilitzi la versió definitiva" Pere de Torroella ingresó en la corte de Juan de Navarra (luego Juan II de Aragón) en 1436, a quien sirvió como escudero y copero tanto en las escaramuzas de Castilla como en la corte de Navarra, donde fue sirviente de Carlos de Aragón, Príncipe de Viana e hijo del rey Juan. A finales de 1450 se trasladó a Nápoles junto don Juan de Aragón, hijo bastardo de Juan de Navarra. Permaneció allí hasta la muerte del rey Alfonso el Magnánimo en 1458. Durante esos años entabló amistad con humanistas como Giovanni Pontano, y ejerció de mayordomo del príncipe bastardo Juan II de Aragón, a quien Pere Torroella sirvió durante toda su vida. A finales de 1450 se trasladó a Nápoles junto don Juan de Aragón, hijo bastardo de Juan de Navarra. Permaneció allí hasta la muerte del rey Alfonso el Magnánimo en 1458. Durante esos años entabló amistad con humanistas como Giovanni Pontano, y ejerció de mayordomo del príncipe bastardo. En 1458, tras la muerte del rey Alfonso y el ascenso al trono de su hermano Juan, Pere Torroella se trasladó a Zaragoza y Barcelona como emisario de Carlos de Viana, a quien sirvió hasta su muerte, en 1461. Un año después, en 1462, estalló la guerra civil catalana (que enfrentó a la Generalitat de Catalunya y a la monarquía aragonesa), y Torroella luchó en los primeros años junto a los rebeldes. En 1464 se pasó al bando real, al que permaneció fiel hasta el final de la guerra, en 1472. Desde 1472 hasta su muerte (acaecida seguramente en 1492), Pere Torroella ejerció de consejero del rey Juan II en Barcelona, pero tras la muerte del rey en 1479 se retiró a sus dominios en el Ampurdán, donde murió. Pere Torroella es autor de obra en catalán y en castellano. En la primera lengua compuso lais, canciones al estilo de Ausiàs March, un soneto (el primero documentado en lengua catalana) y un ambicioso poema colectivo que empieza con el verso Tant mon voler. En castellano, es autor de decires amorosos, canciones y esparzas. También mantuvo un intenso intercambio epistolar con influyentes personalidades de las cortes aragonesas, como Francesc Ferrer, Hugo de Urríes, Bernat Hug de Rocabertí y Pedro de Urrea. Compuso, finalmente, varias composiciones en prosa de alto interés histórico y literario, como la Complanta por la muerte de Inés de Clèves (1448), la Consolatoria por la muerte de mosén Martín de Ansa (1451) y el Razonamiento en defensión de las donas, donde el autor se excusa por haber compuesto las famosas coplas de Maldezir de mugeres. Torroella fue una figura central en las cortes aragonesas de la época, y su obra literaria alcanzó gran difusión y estima entre los hombres de su siglo, como muestran sus epistolarios y los autores que decidieron imitar sus versos. Fue, por otro lado, un poeta sensible a las novedades líricas del momento. Asimiló los aspectos más superficiales de la poesía de Ausiàs March, conoció y admiró los versos de Petrarca, leyó con fruición la lírica francesa (y especialmente Oton de Grandson y Guillaume de Machaut), e imitó con destreza las poesía musical de Jordi de Sant Jordi y Martí Garcia. No siempre su gran cultura se vio reflejada en la calidad de sus obras, que presentan, sin embargo, un indudable interés para la historia de la literatura.