Extracção e purificação de 3 - (3,4-diidroxifenil) alanina a partir das sementes de stizolobium aterrima

A process for extraction and purification of L-3-(3,4 dihydroxyphenyl)alanine from seeds of Stizolobium aterrima was developed. The seeds extract was obtained by a new process and concentrated to obtain the product. The product was purified by two processes. The advantages of the methods are elimination of one operation, greater facility of filtration of the extract and greater purity of the product. Nowadays the process may have academic interest for class demonstrations.

Caracterización cinética de la reacción tirosinfenoliasa catalizada por células libres e inmovilizadas de Citrobacter freundii para la síntesis del aminoácido L-3,4-dihidroxifenilalanina (L-Dopa)

Tesis (Doctorado en Ciencias con Especialidad en Microbiología) UANL

Some aspects of the chemistry of 1, 3, 4 - Thiadiazolium salts and related compounds

The work described in this thesis has been divided into seven sections. The first section involves the preparation of N'-acyl-N'-arylN- benzothiohydrazides by the acylation of N'-aryl-N-benzothiohydrazides and is followed by a brief discussion of their possible conformation in solution. The second section deals with the preparation of 1,3,4-thiadiazolium salts by the action of perchloric acid/acetic anhydride on N'-acylN'- aryl-N-benzothiohydrazides and also by the reaction of N'-arylN- benzothiohydrazides with nitriles in an acidic medium. The preparation of 2-methylthio-I,3,4-thiadiazolium methosulfate by methylating the corresponding thione is also described. The third section deals with the reaction of 2-phenyl- and 2-methyl-I,3,4-thiadiazolium salts with alcohols in the presence of base. The stability and spectra of these compounds are discussed. Treatment of the 2-methyl-I,3,4-thiadiazolium salt with base was found to give rise to a dimeric anhydrobase and evidence supporting its structure is given. The anhydrobase could be trapped by a variety of acylating and thioacylating agents before dimerization occurred. In the fourth section, the reaction of N'-acyl-N'-aryl-N-benzothiohydrazides with a variety of acid anhydrides is described. These compounds were found to be identical with those obtained by acylating the anhydrobase. The mass spectral fragmentation of these compounds is described and the anomolous product obtained upon thiobenzoylation of 3-methyl-l-phenyl-pyrazal-5-one is also discussed. The fifth section deals with thioacyl derivatives of the anhydrobase which were prepared by the action of phosphorus pentasulfide upon the oxygen analogues and also obtained as the major product of the reaction of thioacetic acid with compounds related to N'-aryl-N-benzothiohydrazides. The mass spectra and p.m.r. spectra of these compounds are discussed. In the sixth section, the reaction of the 2-methylthio-l,3,4- thiadiazolium salt with active methylene compounds to give acyl and diacyl derivatives of the anhydrobase is described. Some aspects of these compounds are discussed. The seventh section describes the synthesis of ncyanine~' type dyes incorporating the l,3,4-thiadiazole ring and their spectra are briefly discussed.

Synthesis and properties of some 4H-1, 3, 4 benzothiadiazines /|nby Darko J. Vukov. -- 260 St. Catharines, Ont. : [s. n.],

The work herein has been divided into five sections. In the first section, a new method of converting N-aroyl- hydrazines to hydrazidic halides is described. The second section deals with the products of reaction of hydrazidic halides with thioacetate ion in acetonitrile at room temperature. A number of new acetylthiohydrazides has been isolated together with corresponding hyclrazidic sulphides. Examination of x-ray data for bis-[~ -(2,6- dibromophenylhydrazono) - benZYl] sulphide revealpd the symmetrical structure as the most probable. In the third section, which consists of the three subsections, the synthesis of the 4H-l,3,4 benzothiadiazine ring system has been extended to 4H-l,3,4 benzothiadiazines with substituents in the 5 and 6-positions. Extension of synthesis also involves 4H-l,3,4 benzothiadiazines with mora than one substituent. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of 5 and 6 substituted 4H-l,3,4 benzothiadiazines have been ,. recorded. The section ends with a discussion of the mass spectra of some 4H-l.3,4 benzothiadiazines. In the fourth section, which is divided into two sub- -sections, preparation of 7-nitro substituted 4H-l,3,4 benzothiadiazine from N-thiobenzoyl hydrazine and2,4-dinitro -fluorobenzene is found to be satisfactory. Thiohydrazides react with acetic anhydride, in some cases, to give products identical with acetylthiohydrazides obtained from the hydrazidic halides with thioacetate ion at room temperature. In most of the cases thiohydrazides are found to give anomalous products on reaction with acetic anhydride and mechanisms for their formation are discussed. In the fifth section, which forms three subsections, the 4H-l,3,4 benzothiadiazine ring system with a halogen substituent in the 7-position undergoes electrophilic attack preferentially in 5-posi tion. \fuen the 5-posi tion is occupied by a halogen atom, electrophilic substitution occurs at the 7-position of 4H-l,3,4 benzothiadiazine ring system. Substitution at the 4-nitrogen atom in 4H w l,3,4 benzo- -thiadiazine is extremely slow, probably due to delocalisa- -tion of the nitrogen lone pair in the system. Oxidation of 4H-l,3,4 benzothiadiazines occurs at the sulphur atom under relatively mild conditions. t The Appendix deals with the reaction of N-benzoyl-N - -(2,5-dibromophenyl)hydrazine with p-nitrothiophenol~ The proposed p-nitrothiophenoxy - intermediate may undergo benzothiadiazine formation in a proton exchange system.

The absolute configuration of 1-(3 ',4 '-dihydroxycinnamoyl)cyclopentane-2,3-diol from the Amazonian tree Chimarrhis turbinata

An antioxidant, 1-(3',4'-dihydroxycinnamoyl) cyclopentane-2,3-diol [ or ( E)-2,3-dihydroxycyclopentyl-3-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl) acrylate ( 1)], and two known trans- and cis-chlorogenic acid methyl esters were isolated from the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Chimarrhis turbinata. The relative configuration of 1 was determined by NMR and by comparison of the circular dichroic spectrum ( CD) with those of the enantiomers of synthetic 3', 4'-dimethoxycinnamoyl analogues. The absolute configuration of one of the synthetic enantiomers was determined using the CD exciton chirality method. This established the structure of naturally occurring 1 as (E)- 2,3-dihydroxycyclopentyl- 3-(3', 4'-dihydroxyphenyl) acrylate.

The Decisive Step in Betaxanthin Biosynthesis Is a Spontaneous Reaction1

Experiments were performed to confirm that the aldimine bond formation is a spontaneous reaction, because attempts to find an enzyme catalyzing the last decisive step in betaxanthin biosynthesis, the aldimine formation, failed. Feeding different amino acids to betalain-forming hairy root cultures of yellow beet (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris “Golden Beet”) showed that all amino acids (S- and R-forms) led to the corresponding betaxanthins. We observed neither an amino acid specificity nor a stereoselectivity in this process. In addition, increasing the endogenous phenylalanine (Phe) level by feeding the Phe ammonia-lyase inhibitor 2-aminoindan 2-phosphonic acid yielded the Phe-derived betaxanthin. Feeding amino acids or 2-aminoindan 2-phosphonic acid to hypocotyls of fodder beet (B. vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris “Altamo”) plants led to the same results. Furthermore, feeding cyclo-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-alanine (cyclo-Dopa) to these hypocotyls resulted in betanidin formation, indicating that the decisive step in betacyanin formation proceeds spontaneously. Finally, feeding betalamic acid to broad bean (Vicia faba L.) seedlings, which are known to accumulate high levels of Dopa but do not synthesize betaxanthins, resulted in the formation of dopaxanthin. These results indicate that the condensation of betalamic acid with amino acids (possibly including cyclo-Dopa or amines) in planta is a spontaneous, not an enzyme-catalyzed reaction.

Studies in Nonlinear Optical Materials: Structure of Methyl 2-(4-Ethyl-5-methyl- 2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-l,3-thiazol- 3-yl) propionate

CIoH15NO282, Mr=245"0, orthorhombic, P21212 ~, a = 6.639 (2), b = 8.205 (2), c = 22.528(6)A, V= I227.2(6)A 3, z=4, Dm= 1.315, Dx= 1.326gem -3, MoKa, 2=0.7107A, 12= 3.63 cm -1, F(000) = 520, T= 293 K, R = 0.037 for 1115 significant reflections. The second-harmonicgeneration (SHG) efficiency of this compound is only 1/10th of the urea standard. The observed low second-order nonlinear response may be attributed to the unfavourable packing of the molecules in the crystal lattice.

Purification and properties of protocatechuate-3,4-dioxygenase from Tecoma stans L

Protocatechuate-3,4-dioxygenase from the leaves of Tecoma stans was purified to near homogeneity and some of its properties studied. It was optimally active at pH 5.2 and at 40°C. Its molecular weight of approx. 150 000 was determined by gel filtration on a Sephadex G-150 column. The Km value for protocatechuate was found to be 330 μM and for ferrous sulfate, 40 μM. The enzyme was highly specific for protocatechuate and did not attack any of the substrate analogues. None of the substrate analogues tested inhibited the enzyme activity. Sulfhydryl reagents inhibited the enzyme activity which could be partially reversed by sulfhydryl compounds. The dioxygenase activity was not associated with polyphenol oxidase activity.

Efecto al aplicar tres dosis de vermicompost con fertilización foliar complementaria en el crecimiento y rendimiento del plátano (Musa paradisiaca L.) variedad CEMSA 3/4, UNA, 2011 - 2013

El trabajo de investigación consistió en el establecimiento del cultivo de plátano variedad CEMSA ¾ en la parcela agroecológica de cultivos perennes del Departamento de Producción Vegetal (DPV) de la Universidad Nacional Agraria, ubicada en el km 12 ½ carretera norte , Managua. Se aplicaron tres dosis de vermicompost (15, 30 y 45 t ha - 1 ) equivalente a 6, 12 y 18 kg planta - 1 con fertilización foliar complementaria : enraizador ( 50 g ) , completo 20 - 20 - 20 ( 40 g ) y sulfato de magnesio ( 20 g) por cada 20 l de agua. Se evaluaron variables de crecimiento: Altur a de la planta (m), Diámetro del pseudotallo (cm), Número de hojas funcionales a cosecha, Área f oliar (m 2 ) y variables de rendimiento: Peso del racimo (kg), Número total de manos, Número de dedos del racimo a cosecha, Diámetro de los dedos (cm ) , Diámetro d el raquis (cm) , Largo de los dedos (cm) y Largo del racimo (cm) . Se estableció en un diseño de parcelas apareadas formadas por tres franjas, con una población inicial de 180 plantas a una distancia de 2 m entre planta y 2 m entre surco. El tratamiento a 2 b 1 (30 t ha - 1 + enraizador) , obtuvo los mejores resultados en las variables altura de planta (2.1 m), diámetro del pseudotallo (105 . 94 cm) y número de hijos (3.8), no así en la variable área foliar donde el tratamiento a 1 b 2 (15 t ha - 1 + enraizador + completo 20 - 20 - 20) fue el que mostró mayor área foliar (8 .54 m²). Los rendimientos obtenidos en el tratamiento a 2 b 1 (30 t ha - 1 + enraizador) presentaron mejor resultado en las variables peso de racimo (10.46 kg), n ú mero de manos (9.06) y número de dedos (46.59). E n el diámetro del dedo se destacó el tratamiento a 3 b 3 (30 t ha - 1 + enraizador + completo 20 - 20 - 20 y sulfato de magnesio) con 4.58 cm y 4.37 cm respectivamente. En el largo del dedo se destacaron los tratamientos a 1 b 1 (15 t ha - 1 + enraizador) y a 1 b 3 (15 t ha - 1 + enraizador + completo 20 - 20 - 20 y sulfato de magnesio) con 30.13 cm y 24.36 cm respectivamente. El análisis económico demostró que el tratamiento que present ó mayor rentabilidad es el a 2 b 1 en base a la relación beneficio - costo se genera una ganancia de C$ 1 .17 por cada córdoba invertido

Impact of 3,4-dihydroxy-6-18F-fluoro-L-phenylalanine PET/CT on managing patients with brain tumors: the referring physician's perspective

We investigated the impact of (18)F-DOPA brain PET/CT on the clinical management of patients with known or suspected brain tumors.

Affetti musici : ne quali si contengono motetti a una, 2, 3, 4, & sei voci ; co'l modo per concertarli nel basso per l'organo

7 Stb.: Canto, Alto, Tenore, Basso, Quinto, Sesta parte, Organo

Le Quercy en 1889 : compte rendu des travaux de l'Assemblée provinciale représentative du Quercy tenue à Cahors les 3, 4 et 5 juin 1889.

Mode of access: Internet.

Unit, direct support, and general support maintenance repair parts and special tools lists (including depot maintenance repair parts and special tools lists) : crane-shovel, crawler mounted, diesel engine driven, 12-1/2 ton capacity, rated with 3/4 cu yd (NSN 3810-00-937-3939), Thew-Lorain model L-36M.

"August 1992."

Operator, organizational, direct and general support, and depot maintenance manual : crane-shovel, crawler mounted, diesel engine driven, 12-1/2 ton capacity, rated w/3/4 cu yd (Thew-Lorain model L-36M), FSN 3810-937-3939.

"September 1967."