Lengua familiar y conocimiento de la lengua escolar en Cataluña al finalizar la Educación Infantil = Home Language and Knowledge of the School Language in Catalonia at the end of Nursery School

La infancia extranjera se escolariza en Cataluña en un programa de cambio de lengua del hogar a la escuela. Las investigaciones afirman que este alumnado tarda un mínimo de seis años en equiparar sus habilidades lingüístico-cognitivas con sus pares autóctonos, no así las habilidades conversacionales, las cuales se adquieren antes de los dos años de residencia. Sin embargo, no existen estudios sobre los efectos de la escolarización en el parvulario del alumnado alófono, así como de su lengua familiar, en relación con la adquisición de la lengua escolar. El artículo es un estudio comparativo de la adquisición del catalán de 567 autóctonos y 434 alófonos, al final del parvulario, en 50 escuelas de Cataluña que escolarizan a alumnado de origen extranjero. Las lenguas del alumnado autóctono son el catalán, el castellano y el bilingüismo catalán-castellano y las lenguas del alumnado alófono son el árabe, el soninké y el castellano. Los factores utilizados más relevantes han sido el nivel socioprofesional y educativo de las familias, el tiempo de residencia y el momento de escolarización del alumnado, el porcentaje de alumnado catalanohablante y de alumnado alófono en el aula y el contexto sociolingüístico del centro escolar. Los resultados muestran que el alumnado autóctono sabe más catalán que el alumnado alófono, pero las diferencias desaparecen respecto a algunos factores, de los cuales los más relevantes son los relacionados con las características del alumnado de las aulas. La lengua familiar del alumnado alófono no incide en sus resultados

The new Cratylus : or, contributions towards a more accurate knowledge of the Greek language /

Includes index.

The turning of English idioms into French at sight; or, Sequel to any grammar exercises, a work intended for those who have already some knowledge of the phraseology of that language, with a lexicon, English and French at the end of the book,

Mode of access: Internet.

An easy introduction to the knowledge of the Hebrew language without the points. /

Errata: p. [1] at end.

The works of Horace : translated literally into English prose : for the use of those who are desirous of acquiring or recovering a competent knowledge of the Latin language /

Mode of access: Internet.

A critical pronouncing dictionary, and expositor of the English language : ... to which are prefixed, principles of English pronunciation ... likewise rules to be observed by the natives of Scotland, Ireland, and London, for avoiding their respective peculiarities, and directions to foreigners for acquiring a knowledge of the use of this dictionary ; the whole interspersed with observations, etymological, critical, and grammatical ... to which is annexed a key to the classical pronunciation ... /

"A key" at end has special t.-p.

A critical pronouncing dictionary, and expositor of the English language. To which are prefixed, principles of English pronunciation ... Likewise, rules to be observed by the natives of Scotland, Ireland, and London, for avoiding their respective peculiarities; and directions to foreigners, for acquiring a knowledge of the use of this dictionary. The whole interspersed with observations, etymological, critical, and grammatical.

Mode of access: Internet.

German manual : a new method for acquiring a theoretical and practical knowledge of the German language /

Mode of access: Internet.

The English spelling book : accompanied by a progressive series of easy and familiar lessons, intended as an introduction to a correct knowledge of the English language /

Mode of access: Internet.

Short nomenclator or vocabular in English and Hebrew: composed alphabetically for the use and benefit of my pupils in particular and for the advantage of those who are desirous to obtain the knowledge of the Hebrew tongue in general, which may be that great help to understand not only ye sacred oracles in their original, but even any Jewish author (so far as concern owns) as also it may give great insight in ye tongue to those, as to compose it, a work altogether new, [ca. 1735]

Headed on the first page with the words "Nomenclatura hebraica," this handwritten volume is a vocabulary with the Hebrew word in the left column, and the English translation on the right. While the book is arranged in sections by letter, individual entries do not appear in strict alphabetical order. The small vocabulary varies greatly and includes entries like enigma, excommunication, and martyr, as well as cucumber and maggot. There are translations of the astrological signs at the end of the volume. Poem written at the bottom of the last page in different hand: "Women when good the best of saints/ that bright seraphick lovely/ she, who nothing of an angel/ wants but truth & immortality./ Verse 2: Who silken limbs & charming/ face. Keeps nature warm."

Grammaticae quaestiones, or, A grammatical examination by question only : for the use of schools, particularly those where the Eton grammar is taught : humbly offered to the public as the most effectual way of laying a solid classical foundation and obviating the many inconveniences arising from a superficial knowledge of the grammar /

Mode of access: Internet.

Parisian phraseology : or, Choix de phrases diverses : being a collection of sentences in common use, to facilitate the knowledge of the formation fo French syntax ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

The royal English grammar, containing what is necessary to the knowledge of the English tongue laid down in a plain and familiar way for the use of young gentlemen and ladys [sic] /

Photocopy. Ann Arbor, Mich. : University Xerox, 1983. -- 18 cm.

The impact of the language barrier on the management of multinational companies : a case study and survey, based exploration of the impact of the language barrier on the strategies, policies and systems by which multinational companies manage their subsidaries

The thesis begins with a conceptual model of the way that language diversity affects the strategies, organisation and subsidiary control policies of multinational companies. The model is based solely on the researcher'’ personal experience of working in a variety of international management roles, but in Chapter 2 a wide-ranging review of related academic literature finds evidence to support the key ideas. The model is developed as a series of propositions which are tested in a comparative case study, refined and then re-tested in a global survey of multinational subsidiaries. The principal findings of the empirical phases of the thesis endorse the main tenets of the model: - That language difference between parent and subsidiary will impair communication, create mistrust and impede relationship development. - That subsequently the feelings of uncertainty, suspicion and mistrust will influence the decisions taken by the parent company. - They will have heightened sensitivity to language issues and will implement policies to manage language differences. - They will adopt low-risk strategies in host countries where they are concerned about language difference. - They will use organisational and manpower strategies to minimise the consequences and risks of the communications problems with the subsidiary. - As a consequence the level of integration and knowledge flow between parent and subsidiary will be curtailed. - They will adopt styles of control that depend least on their ability to communicate with their subsidiary. Although there is adequate support for all of the above conclusions, on some key points the evidence of the Case Studies and Survey is contradictory. The thesis, therefore, closes with an agenda for further research that would address these inconsistencies.