Quality potential of DIP and hardwood CTMP based raw materials in woodcontaining printing paper

The objective of the thesis was to define the quality potential of DIP and hardwood CTMP based raw material furnish for a printing paper production and to define the end product's pulp-based boundary conditions especially when thinking of Chinese markets. Although the Chinese paper industry expands rapidly, the production of some paper grades is still exiguous. Especially the softwood resources are limited in Asia, thus the purpose of the thesis was to find out the possibilities to produce printing paper in China from local raw materials. Bleached CTMP can be produced, for example, from fast-growing hardwood species like eucalyptus and poplar. Therefore in this thesis it was examined if good quality printing paper is possible to produce by using deinked pulp and hardwood CTMP based furnish. In the first section of experimental part, various deinked pulps and chemithermomechanical pulps were compared. The deinked pulps were from China, Central Europe and Finland. Central European was made for magazine papers, and the Chinese as well as the Finnish pulps were made for newsprints. Two of the BCTMPs were from China and those both were made from poplar, whereas one BCTMP was made from eucalyptus in a pilot plant. There were significant differences especially between BCTMPs and their paper properties. In the second section of experimental part, the deinked pulp and eucalyptus BCTMP were blended to produce handsheets. The results show that producing the highest quality printing paper would be difficult from these raw materials. Deinked pulp affected especially the strength and optical properties as well as calender blackening. The BCTMP was found to have effects mostly on the smoothness, strength and optical properties as well as calender blackening.

Profiles of Second Language Learners in Bilingual Education: A Comparative Study of the Characteristics of Finnish and American Students

The purpose of this comparative study is to profile second language learners by exploring the factors which have an impact on their learning. The subjects come from two different countries: one group comes from Milwaukee, US, and the other from Turku, Finland. The subjects have attended bilingual classes from elementary school to senior high school in their respective countries. In the United States, the subjects (N = 57) started in one elementary school from where they moved on to two high schools in the district. The Finnish subjects (N = 39) attended the same school from elementary to high school. The longitudinal study was conducted during 1994-2004 and combines both qualitative and quantitative research methods. A Pilot Study carried out in 1990-1991 preceded the two subsequent studies that form the core material of this research. The theoretical part of the study focuses first on language policies in the United States and Finland: special emphasis is given to the history, development and current state of bilingual education, and the factors that have affected policy-making in the provision of language instruction. Current language learning theories and models form the theoretical foundation of the research, and underpin the empirical studies. Cognitively-labeled theories are at the forefront, but sociocultural theory and the ecological approach are also accounted for. The research methods consist of questionnaires, compositions and interviews. A combination of statistical methods as well as content analysis were used in the analysis. The attitude of the bilingual learners toward L1 and L2 was generally positive: the subjects enjoyed learning through two languages and were motivated to learn both. The knowledge of L1 and parental support, along with early literacy in L1, facilitated the learning of L2. This was particularly evident in the American subject group. The American subjects’ L2 learning was affected by the attitudes of the learners to the L1 culture and its speakers. Furthermore, the negative attitudes taken by L1 speakers toward L2 speakers and the lack of opportunities to engage in activities in the L1 culture affected the American subjects’ learning of L2, English. The research showed that many American L2 learners were isolated from the L1 culture and were even afraid to use English in everyday communication situations. In light of the research results, a politically neutral linguistic environment, which the Finnish subjects inhabited, was seen to be more favorable for learning. The Finnish subjects were learning L2, English, in a neutral zone where their own attitudes and motivation dictated their learning. The role of L2 as a means of international communication in Finland, as opposed to a means of exercising linguistic power, provided a neutral atmosphere for learning English. In both the American and Finnish groups, the learning of other languages was facilitated when the learner had a good foundation in their L1, and the learning of L1 and L2 were in balance. Learning was also fostered when the learners drew positive experiences from their surroundings and were provided with opportunities to engage in activities where L2 was used.

"Maamme" ja kuva Suomesta

Kirjoittaja on klassisten kielten ja antiikin kirjallisuuden dosentti. Esitys pohjautuu juhlapuheeseen, joka pidettiin Porvoon kaupungin itsenäisyyspäiväjuhlassa 6.12.2003.

Kirjeitä kahden ja puolen vuosisadan taakse

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Sivuraiteilta uralle! : Koulutuksen keskeyttämisen ehkäisemiseen suunnatut ESR-projektit Kaakkois-Suomessa ja malleja muualta Suomesta

Tämä julkaisu on yhteenveto Kaakkois-Suomen elinkeino-, liikenne- ja ympäristökeskuksen valvonnassa käynnistyneistä, Euroopan sosiaalirahaston rahoittamista koulutuksen keskeyttämisen ehkäisyyn pyrkivistä projekteista vuosina 2007–2012 (tilanne 23.02.2012). Lisäksi selvitykseen on koottu vastaavissa projekteissa kehitettyjä malleja muualta Manner-Suomesta. Projekteista esitetään lyhyesti hankkeen keskeiset tiedot; hallinnoijan yhteystiedot, projektin kohdealue, tavoitteet ja tulokset. Lisäksi projekteista esitetään tarkempia esimerkkejä niissä kehitetyistä malleista ja välineistä. Tarkasteltavissa hankkeissa on pyritty ehkäisemään koulutuksen keskeyttämistä ammattioppilaitosten ja erilaisten työpajojen välisellä yhteistyöllä, erilaisilla opetusmenetelmillä, erityisopettajuudella, moniammatillisten verkostojen tuella sekä erilaisilla sähköisillä arviointivälineillä. Selvityksessä on käytetty lähteenä hankkeiden Eura2007-järjestelmään kirjattuja loppu- ja väliraportteja sekä projektisuunnitelmia ja näissä esitettyjä tietoja. Näitä tietoja täydennettiin projektien yhteyshenkilöille lähetetyllä kyselyllä ja kyselystä saaduilla vastauksilla ja materiaalilla. Lisäksi apuna käytettiin hankkeiden omia julkaisuja. Selvityksen on laatinut ELY-keskuksen korkeakouluharjoittelija, hum. kand. Teemu Räihä.