Muistojen Laila Kinnunen : luokka kulttuurisessa muistissa

Teema: Luokka.

La première génération d’écrivains d’origine amazighe dans la littérature catalane: Laila Karrouch (Nador, 1977) et Najat El Hachmi (Nador, 1979). Leur signification et valeur.

La Catalogne a accueilli entre la fin du XXe siècle et le début du XXIe siècle une importante vague d’immigrés aux origines les plus diverses. Les Marocains ont constitué le premier flot de cette vague et ont donné naissance, par le biais des oeuvres de Laila Karrouch et de Najat El Hachmi, à une littérature pionnière construite dans la tension entre deux mondes, le Maghreb et la Catalogne. Cette littérature, faite d’expériences vécues profondes, va permettre à beaucoup d’autres, à la fois, de garder leur identité et de se sentir citoyens de leur nouveau pays.

Mene Sab Maa-El Melih Laila ; Istakhbar Mesri / Cheik Larbi et son fils Redouane, chant [acc. instr.]

[Traditions. Afrique du Nord. Algérie]

La première génération d’écrivains d’origine amazighe dans la littérature catalane: Laila Karrouch (Nador, 1977) et Najat El Hachmi (Nador, 1979). Leur signification et valeur.

La Catalogne a accueilli entre la fin du XXe siècle et le début du XXIe siècle une importante vague d’immigrés aux origines les plus diverses. Les Marocains ont constitué le premier flot de cette vague et ont donné naissance, par le biais des oeuvres de Laila Karrouch et de Najat El Hachmi, à une littérature pionnière construite dans la tension entre deux mondes, le Maghreb et la Catalogne. Cette littérature, faite d’expériences vécues profondes, va permettre à beaucoup d’autres, à la fois, de garder leur identité et de se sentir citoyens de leur nouveau pays.

Alf laila wa-laila

Digitalisat der Ausg., [Fürth], [circa 1750?]

The Alif laila; or, Book of the thousand nights and one night, commonly known as 'The Arabian nights' entertainments';

Vol. 4 has no list of contents.

The Arabian nights. A selection of stories from Alif laila wa laila,

Mode of access: Internet.

Infecção por C. psittaci: uma revisão com ênfase em psitacídeos

A clamidiose ou ornitose é uma doença infecciosa, causada pela bactéria Chlamydophila psittaci, que acomete aves e mamíferos. Trata-se de uma das principais zoonoses de origem aviária. A transmissão ocorre principalmente por inalação de secreções contaminadas. Os sinais clínicos mais comuns incluem alterações no sistema gastrointestinal, respiratório e ocular, porém é possível encontrar aves infectadas sem sinais aparentes, dificultando a identificação da doença. O diagnóstico definitivo em aves vivas pode ser difícil, devido às características da infecção pela bactéria. Há duas principais abordagens para o diagnóstico, a primeira envolve a detecção direta da bactéria e a segunda implica a detecção de anticorpos anti-Chlamydophila sp. O tratamento é longo e envolve o uso de tetraciclinas, quinolonas ou macrolídeos, durante 21-45 dias, dependendo da espécie e do fármaco de escolha. Atualmente, o Brasil não dispõe de medidas padronizadas que visam a guiar o clínico na identificação, manejo e tratamento para a doença. Tais medidas tornam-se necessárias, bem como a pesquisa de novos métodos diagnósticos e auxiliares para a doença.

Outcomes and safety of drug provocation tests

Drug provocation tests (DPTs) are considered the gold standard for identifying adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The aim of this study was to analyze DPT results and discuss severe systemic reactions associated with them. This was a retrospective analysis of 500 patients with ADRs who sought treatment and were submitted to DPTs when indicated between 2006 and 2010. We performed DPTs according to the European Network for Drug Allergy recommendations. Single-blind, placebo-controlled DPTs were performed with antibiotics, local anesthetics, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as with other drugs. Patient characteristics, DPT results, and reactions were analyzed. The sample comprised 198 patients (80.8% of whom were female patients) submitted to 243 DPTs. Ages ranged from 9 to 84 years (mean, 39.9 years). The 243 DPTs were performed with local anesthetics (n = 93), antibiotics (n = 19), acetaminophen (n = 44), benzydamine (n = 33), COX-2 inhibitors (n = 26), dipyrone (n = 7), aspirin (n = 4), or other drugs (n = 17). The results of 4 tests (1.6%) were inconclusive, whereas those of 10 (4.1%) revealed positive reactions to antibiotics (2/19), COX-2 inhibitors (2/26), acetaminophen (3/44), and local anesthetics (3/93). Two severe reactions were observed: cephalexin-induced anaphylactic shock and bupivacaine-induced anaphylaxis without shock. Four patients (2.0%) reacted to the placebo before administration of the drug. Drug provocation tests are safe for use in clinical practice but they should be placebo-controlled and should be performed under the supervision of an allergist. To confirm a presumptive diagnosis and to manage allergies appropriately, it is crucial to perform DPTs. (Allergy Asthma Proc 32:301-306, 2011; doi: 10.2500/aap.2011.32.3450)

Thermostable variants of the recombinant xylanase A from Bacillus subtilis produced by directed evolution show reduced heat capacity changes

Directed evolution techniques have been used to improve the thermal stability of the xylanase A from Bacillus subtilis (XylA). Two generations of random mutant libraries generated by error prone PCR coupled with a single generation of DNA shuffling produced a series of mutant proteins with increasing thermostability. The most Thermostable XylA variant from the third generation contained four mutations Q7H, G13R, S22P, and S179C that showed an increase in melting temperature of 20 degrees C. The thermodynamic properties Of a representative subset of nine XylA variants showing a range of thermostabilities were measured by thermal denaturation as monitored by the change in the far ultraviolet circular dichroism signal. Analysis of the data from these thermostable variants demonstrated a correlation between the decrease in the heat capacity change (Delta C(p)) with an increase in the midpoint of the transition temperature (T(m)) on transition from the native to the unfolded state. This result could not be interpreted within the context of the changes in accessible surface area of the protein on transition from the native to unfolded states. Since all the mutations are located at the surface of the protein, these results suggest that an explanation of the decrease in Delta C(p) on should include effects arising from the prot inlsolvent interface.

Influence of dentin on pH of 2% chlorhexidine gel and calcium hydroxide alone or in combination

The aims of endodontic treatment in cases of apical periodontitis are to reduce as much as possible the number of microorganisms inside the root canal system and to inactivate toxins produced by them. Most of the times, these objectives are not achieved solely by chemomechanical preparation, and intracanal dressing may be necessary. In these cases, calcium hydroxide is used as a root canal dressing due to its well-known and recognized antimicrobial activity. Chlorhexidine has a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity and its association with calcium hydroxide has been recommended in an attempt to amplify antimicrobial effects of calcium hydroxide. It is also known that dentin exerts a buffering effect under wide pH variations, and may be responsible for decreasing the antimicrobial activity of drugs inside the root canal. The objectives of this study were to assess the pH of 2% chlorhexidine gel and calcium hydroxide alone or in combination, as well as the influence of dentin on the pH of these compounds. Dentin powder was obtained from bovine teeth and added as 1.8% to the volume of the medications. All substances were individually stored in plastic flasks, in triplicate. A pH meter was used at five different moments to assess pH in viscous medium: immediately after preparation and after 24 h, and 7, 14, and 21 days. Results were analyzed by paired Student`s t-test. Statistically significant differences were observed in the 2% chlorhexidine gel group alone or associated with calcium hydroxide and added of dentin powder (P < 0.05). Mean pH values indicated the influence of dentin powder because of a significant increase in pH. Calcium hydroxide with propylene glycol as the vehicle always showed high pH, demonstrating that this compound was not affected by the presence of dentin.