k.p based closed form energy band gap and transport electron effective mass model for 100] and 110] relaxed and strained Silicon nanowire

In this paper, we address a physics based closed form model for the energy band gap (E-g) and the transport electron effective mass in relaxed and strained 100] and 110] oriented rectangular Silicon Nanowire (SiNW). Our proposed analytical model along 100] and 110] directions are based on the k.p formalism of the conduction band energy dispersion relation through an appropriate rotation of the Hamiltonian of the electrons in the bulk crystal along 001] direction followed by the inclusion of a 4 x 4 Luttinger Hamiltonian for the description of the valance band structure. Using this, we demonstrate the variation in Eg and the transport electron effective mass as function of the cross-sectional dimensions in a relaxed 100] and 110] oriented SiNW. The behaviour of these two parameters in 100] oriented SiNW has further been studied with the inclusion of a uniaxial strain along the transport direction and a biaxial strain, which is assumed to be decomposed from a hydrostatic deformation along 001] with the former one. In addition, the energy band gap and the effective mass of a strained 110] oriented SiNW has also been formulated. Using this, we compare our analytical model with that of the extracted data using the nearest neighbour empirical tight binding sp(3)d(5)s* method based simulations and has been found to agree well over a wide range of device dimensions and applied strain. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Inelastic K+p reactions at incident momenta from 1.37 GeV/c to 2.17 GeV/c

A number of recent experiments have suggested the possibility of a highly inelastic resonance in K⁺p scattering. To study the inelastic K⁺p reactions, a 400 K exposure has been taken at the L.R.L. 25 inch bubble chamber. The data are spread over seven K⁺ momenta between 1.37 and 2.17 GeV/c.

Cross-sections have been measured for the reaction K⁺p → pK°π+ which is dominated by the quasi-two body channels K∆ and K*N. Both these channels are strongly peripheral, as at other momenta. The decay of the ∆ is in good agreement with the predictions of the rho-photon analogy of Stodolsky and Sakurai. The data on the K*p channel show evidence of both pseudo scalar and vector exchange.

Cross-sections for the final state pK⁺π+π- shows a strong contribution from the quasi-two body channel K*∆. This reaction is also very peripheral even at threshold. The decay angular distributions indicate the reaction is dominated as at higher momenta by a pion exchange mechanism. The data are also in good agreement with the quark model predictions of Bialas and Zalewski for the K* and ∆ decay.

喀斯特石灰土-灌丛系统主要养分含量分布特征研究---以贵阳花溪杨中石灰土-灌丛系统Ca、Mg、 K 、P为例

本论文通过对贵州贵阳花溪杨中喀斯特山区的植被调查与土壤样品分析, 研究土壤-植被中Ca、Mg、 K、P分布特征、变化规律及其影响因素，并在此基础上尝试Ca同位素的预处理研究，以期为喀斯特地区土壤-植被中Ca、Mg、 K、P（尤其是Ca）的生物地球化学循环研究奠定基础，同时为植被演替、物质循环研究和退耕还林还草的人工恢复提供植物自身的营养依据。本次研究取得如下认识： 1.受石灰岩母岩控制，土壤样品元素含量的特征为：CaO>MgO>K2O> P2O5。同一元素沿海拔变化有一定的相关性，并且相关性随元素的不同存在差异：随海拔高度的增加CaO含量有升高的趋势，而MgO 、K2O、Na2O含量都有所降低。表层土壤中K2O-Na2O含量正相关变化，CaO-K2O含量负相关变化。并且从土壤表层到底层在剖面-1中随深度增加，CaO、MgO、K2O含量升高，而P2O5的含量则有上升的趋势。土壤中元素的上述分布特征主要与石灰岩的风化成土作用过程中不同分化程度土壤Ca的淋失和来自高处的富钙雨水输入有关。 2.喀斯特生态环境富钙的这一特点对喀斯特灌丛植物的种类成分和营养元素含量有很大影响。地貌部位、海拔高度对植物Ca、Mg 、K、P含量也有不同程度的影响。植物Ca、Mg 、K、P含量由高到低依次为：Ca > K > Mg >P。苔藓与其它植物比较， Ca、Mg、 K、P的含量都小于其它三类较高等的植物，这一现象与其自身的生物学特性有关：苔藓植物组织结构简单，不具备发达的输导组织，不具备真正的根系，不利于从土壤等基质中吸收营养。在、灌草、灌木、藤本三类植物营养元素之间Ca –P含量具有负相关变化，Mg –P含量具有正相关变化；在所分析的植物种，P- K含量变化呈正相关，并且植物叶片Ca/K比值随着P含量的增加而显著地以指数形式减小。这是因为植物体内的K和P对于Ca来说起着平衡离子（counter ion）的作用。 3. 生境中基岩裸露和土体浅薄的特点，极大地制约了喀斯特灌丛的发育，喀斯特生境的富含钙的特点对喀斯特灌丛植物的种类成分和元素含量有很大的影响。但是杨中灌丛群落植物Ca、Mg、K、P含量和对应土壤CaO、MgO、K2O和P2O5含量相关性不明显。植物Ca、Mg、K、P元素虽主要来源于土壤，但因其含量受元素地球化学性质、植物种类、土壤元素对植物有效态的含量等因素的制约，而使植物元素含量和土壤元素的含量没有明显的相关性． 4.从Ca同位素的预处理研究来看，离子交换分离法对去除样品中的杂质效果较好。在以后测定过程中，有利于增强离子流稳定性和强度, 提高测量精度和准确度，与沉淀法相比较，此法适宜作为钙同位素样品的前处理方法。 关键词： 喀斯特 石灰土-灌丛系统 Ca、Mg、K、P含量分布 钙同位素 环境地球化学

An educator's perspective of Dr. Feingold's K-P (Kaiser- Permanents) elimination diet for hyperkinetic children and others

Do evaluation of the literature and a regional observational report support Dr. Feingold's claim that the K-P (Kaiser-Permanente) elimination diet improves the behaviours of hyperkinetic children, and others? Dr. Feingold suggests that some hyperkinetic children, and other children as well, are genetically predisposed to intolerance of food additives, particularly food colours and flavours. He claims that the K-P diet, that eliminates salicylates and artificial food colours and flavours, improves the hyperkinetic child's behaviour, muscle co-ordination, and scholastic performance. Public acceptance of the K-P diet has outstripped acceptance in the medical and scientific communities. Evaluation of available data and additional studies are needed to arrive at a conclusion of acceptance or rejection of the K-P diet for hyperkinetic children and others. My interest in the K-P elimination diet for hyperkinetic children is educational. My experience as an elementary school teacher in special education and in the classroom from K-8 has taught me that attentiveness is crucial to learning. Hyperkinesis appears to impair a child's ability to attend. Learning problems appear, followed by behavioural and social problems. l If we accept the possibility of a relationship between diet and attentiveness, and attentiveness and school behaviours, then the diet-behaviour link could be of lay importance. For instance, if a diet such as the K-P diet could do what is claimed, substantial benefits could accrue to the child. One could, for example, improve a child's behaviours. One could identify attending disturbances early in the child's education, possibly minimizing, or eliminating future difficulties in school. Finally, the greatest benefit may be the fulfillment of the basic goal of our Ontario schools, that the eh~ld-,lIla1p.evelop happily and competently within our educational framework. 2 This thesis reports evidence from the literature and from a regional observational investigation to determine the possibility of a link between the behaviours of children and Dr. Feingold's K-P elimination diet. The literature research examines (1) Dr. Feingold's concept of H-LD, (2) his K-P elimination diet, and (3) the response from three sectors, medicine, science, and the public. The regional investigation examines the observed behaviours of nine children in Regional Niagara during a nine-month period on the K-P diet.

Nutrientes (K, P, Ca, Na, Mg e Fe) em sedimentos (solos aluviais) e cultivares (feijão e milho) de praias e barrancos de rios de água branca: a bacia do purus no estado do Acre, Brasil

The present research highlights the macronutrient abundance in the sediments of beaches and cliffs and cultivates in the river Purus and flowing, southwest of Amazon. The concentrations found in leaves and bean seeds and corn leaves reflect the mineralogical and chemical nature of those rich sediments in K₂O and Na₂O, which are formed by smectite, illite and K-feldspar. The factors of transfer of the elements in the corn leaves and bean (Ca>K>Na) and bean seeds (Na>K>Ca) demonstrate that the nutrient needs of the cultivate were found appropriately in the sediments (soils) of the beaches and cliffs.

Inerlekh parṭeyishe fragn fun Al.K.P.(B.)

Y. Sṭalin

Tsṿeyṭer band (K - P)

Digitalisat der Ausg. Ṿilne, 1927

Analyses of shocked quartz from the K-P boundary

The precise cause and timing of the Cretaceous-Paleocene (K-P) mass extinction 65 Ma ago remains a matter of debate. Many advocate that the extinction was caused by a meteorite impact at Chicxulub, Mexico, and a number of potential kill-mechanisms have been proposed for this. Although we now have good constraints on the size of this impact and chemistry of the target rocks, estimates of its environmental consequences are hindered by a lack of knowledge about the obliquity of this impact. An oblique impact is likely to have been far more catastrophic than a sub-vertical one, because greater volumes of volatiles would have been released into the atmosphere. The principal purpose of this study was to characterize shocked quartz within distal K-P ejecta, to investigate whether the quartz distribution carried a signature of the direction and angle of impact. Our analyses show that the total number, maximum and average size of shocked quartz grains all decrease gradually with paleodistance from Chicxulub. We do not find particularly high abundances in Pacific sites relative to Atlantic and European sites, as has been previously reported, and the size-distribution around Chicxulub is relatively symmetric. Ejecta samples at any one site display features that are indicative of a wide range of shock pressures, but the mean degree of shock increases with paleodistance. These shock- and size-distributions are both consistent with the K-P layer having been formed by a single impact at Chicxulub. One site in the South Atlantic contains quartz indicating an anomalously high average shock degree, that may be indicative of an oblique impact with an uprange direction to the southeast +/- 45°. The apparent continuous coverage of proximal ejecta in this quadrant of the crater, however, suggests a relatively high impact angle of >45°. We conclude that some of the more extreme predictions of the environmental consequences of a low-angle impact at Chicxulub are probably not applicable.

Symmetry considerations in the empirical k.p Hamiltonian for the study of intermediate band solar cells

With the purpose of assessing the absorption coefficients of quantum dot solar cells, symmetry considerations are introduced into a Hamiltonian whose eigenvalues are empirical. In this way, the proper transformation from the Hamiltonian's diagonalized form to the form that relates it with Γ-point exact solutions through k.p envelope functions is built accounting for symmetry. Forbidden transitions are thus determined reducing the calculation burden and permitting a thoughtful discussion of the possible options for this transformation. The agreement of this model with the measured external quantum efficiency of a prototype solar cell is found to be excellent.

Tongsang ki chʻan : 5-kwŏn kŭp kwŏnsu /

Korean translation of a novel in dramatic form, originally in Chinese.

Catalogue of nineteen books of the highest importance, from the library of the late Earl of Carysfort, K.P., sold by order of the owner, Col. D.J. Proby, and with the consent of the trustees and of the court.

The collection was sold at auction by Sotheby, Wilkinson & Hodge, July, 1923.