1000 resultados para Justice scolaire


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Ce mémoire a pour but d’explorer la littérature sur le sujet de la justice scolaire. L’étude sera divisée sous trois axes. Il sera question d’abord de l’accessibilité à l’éducation. Il y a au moins quatre grands principes au libéralisme : (1) les individus sont libres et égaux ; (2) les individus ont tous droit à des chances égales de mener à terme leur projet de vie ; (3) les individus sont détenteurs d’un ensemble de droits garantis par la société ; (4) l’État adopte une posture de neutralité. Partant de ces valeurs, nous établissons des liens avec la nécessité d’une accessibilité à l’éducation. En second lieu, ce mémoire étudiera trois modèles d’école : l’école parentale, l’école étatique, et l’école orientée vers l’autonomie. Nous argumenterons, avec Harry Brighouse, à l’effet que l’éducation orientée vers l’autonomie constitue l’objectif qui respecte le plus les valeurs du libéralisme, dont l’impératif de neutralité, et les intérêts des jeunes. Dans la dernière partie de cette étude, nous étudierons trois conceptions de l’égalité : égalité des ressources (Jean-Fabien Spitz), égalité des opportunités (Richard Arneson) de bien-être et le suffisantisme (Debra Satz). Afin de juger de leurs qualités respectives, nous tenterons de les appliquer au système éducatif afin d’en faire ressortir les forces et les faiblesses.

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Cette recherche consiste en une étude de cas qui a pour objectif de décrire en quoi consiste l’exercice d’un leadership porté sur la justice sociale par une direction d’école primaire de milieu défavorisé de Montréal (cas exemplaire). En utilisant le cadre opérationnel pour l’étude du leadership transformatif, un concept très proche de celui de la justice sociale élaboré par Archambault et Garon (2011a), nous avons tracé le portrait émergeant du discours de la direction de l’école, des autres acteurs de l’école (enseignants et autres membres de l’équipe-école, parents et membres de la communauté) et de notre observation continue (shadowing) de la direction. Ce portrait présente les trois constituantes du cadre conceptuel. Tout d’abord, il fera état des connaissances portant sur la notion de leadership de justice sociale, sur le contexte des élèves de milieu défavorisé et sur leurs attitudes et comportements liés à la justice sociale. Il présentera aussi des attitudes, croyances et valeurs traduisant la volonté du leader de changer les choses pour promouvoir plus de justice sociale au sein de son école. Finalement, ce portrait fera état des comportements (rapportés ou observés) qui traduisent la mise en place par la direction de l’école de stratégies pour changer les choses vers plus de justice sociale. Le portrait émergeant placerait la direction d’école étudiée dans la lignée des directions ayant un intérêt pour la justice sociale dans les milieux défavorisés de Montréal et qui mettent en œuvres des actions pour redresser les injustices au sein de leurs écoles (Archambault et Garon, 2013). Cette étude de cas présente, en plus, un portrait bâti sur la base de l’observation de la direction jumelée à des entrevues semi-dirigées avec elle-même, avec d’autres membres de l’équipe-école et des membres de la communauté scolaire en général; notre étude présente de ce point de vue un portrait assez complet et nuancé du leadership porté sur la justice sociale de la direction de l’école. Elle met également en évidence l’utilité du cadre opérationnel pour l’étude de leadership transformatif (Archambault et Garon, 2011a). Cette recherche n’aspire pas à une quelconque généralisation de ses résultats, c’est une étude de cas qui espère toutefois avoir présenté un cas exemplaire qui répondrait à l’intérêt pour l’étude du leadership de justice sociale dans le contexte des écoles primaires de milieux défavorisés de Montréal

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Cette étude vise à analyser les liens entre le climat scolaire et la victimisation par les pairs en contexte de persévérance et de réussite scolaires au secondaire. Après avoir démontré l’existence de liens théoriques entre ces trois variables, elle évalue l’influence du climat scolaire décliné en quatre composantes (sentiment de sécurité, de justice, relations interpersonnelles/soutien et collaboration/participation) sur six formes de victimisation par les pairs (physique, verbale, psychologique, matérielle, électronique, à connotation sexuelle). Les résultats de cette recherche menée auprès de 2 154 élèves de la première à la cinquième secondaire révèlent que la composante du climat scolaire « Sentiment de sécurité » se distingue avec une influence sur les six formes de victimisation étudiées, signifiant que les élèves qui se sentent en sécurité dans leur milieu scolaire sont moins à risque de vivre ces différentes formes de violence. L’influence des autres composantes du climat scolaire sur la victimisation s’est toutefois avérée très faible. Comme le vécu victimaire et la perception d’un climat scolaire négatif peuvent nuire à la réussite et à la persévérance scolaires et entraver la diplomation, et que la décision d’abandonner l’école se prend souvent durant la quatrième et cinquième années du secondaire (Frase, 1989; MELS, 2009), c’est à ce groupe particulier d’élèves que la troisième partie de cette thèse s’est consacrée. Les analyses menées spécifiquement auprès d’élèves de quatrième et cinquième secondaire (n = 715) indiquent que ceux qui subissent au moins une des six formes de victimisation perçoivent plus négativement chacune des composantes du climat scolaire de leur établissement, comparativement à leurs pairs non victimisés. Précisément, les élèves victimes de violence physique et verbale perçoivent plus négativement les quatre composantes du climat scolaire et celles de formes matérielle, psychologique et à connotation sexuelle jugent aussi plus négativement toutes les composantes du climat scolaire, excepté celle du climat de sécurité. L’ensemble de ces résultats indiquent que la perception du climat scolaire influence la victimisation pour l’ensemble des élèves du secondaire et soulignent que cette victimisation, vécue par les élèves de quatrième et cinquième secondaire, affecte plus négativement leur perception du climat scolaire. Des réflexions sont finalement proposées afin d’orienter de futures recherches de même que certaines retombées pratiques pour les milieux scolaires.

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By presenting the results of a content analysis of Australian undergraduate legal education, this paper examines the extent to which issues of race, ethnicity, discrimination, and multiculturalism feature within this component of the moral, ethical, and professional development of legal professionals. It will demonstrate that instead of encouraging a deep, critical and contextual understanding of such issues, legal education provides a relatively superficial one, which has important implications for the role that legal professionals play in overcoming injustices such as institutional racism, and the kinds of social reform that they are likely to undertake.

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The current world situation is plagued by “wicked problems” and a widespread sense of “things are going to get worse”. We confront the almost imponderable consequences of global habitat destruction and climate change, as well as the meltdown of the financial markets with their largely yet to be seen damage to the “real economy”. These things will have considerable negative impacts on the social system and people's lives, particularly the disadvantaged and socially excluded, and require innovative policy and program responses delivered by caring, intelligent, and committed practitioners. These gargantuan issues put into perspective the difficulties that confront social, welfare, and community work today. Yet, in times of trouble, social work and human services tend to do well. For example, although Australian Social Workers and Welfare and Community Workers have experienced phenomenal job growth over the past 5 years, they also have good prospects for future growth and above average salaries in the seventh and sixth deciles, respectively (Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations, 2008). I aim to examine the host of reasons why the pursuit of social justice and high-quality human services is difficult to attain in today's world and then consider how the broadly defined profession of social welfare practitioners may collectively take action to (a) respond in ways that reassert our role in compassionately assisting the downtrodden and (b) reclaim the capacity to be a significant body of professional expertise driving social policy and programs. For too long social work has responded to the wider factors it confronts through a combination of ignoring them, critiquing from a distance, and concentrating on the job at hand and our day-to-day responsibilities. Unfortunately, “holding the line” has proved futile and, little by little, the broad social mandate and role of social welfare has altered until, currently, most social programs entail significant social surveillance of troublesome or dangerous groups, rather than assistance. At times it almost seems like the word “help” has been lost in the political and managerial lexicon, replaced by “manage” and “control”. Our values, beliefs, and ethics are under real threat as guiding principles for social programs.

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Heteronormative discourses provide the most common lens through which sexuality is understood within university curricula. This means that sexuality is discussed in terms of categories of identity, with heterosexuality accorded primacy while all 'others' are indeed 'othered'. This article draws on research carried out by the authors in a core first year university ethics class, in which a fictional text was introduced with the intention of unpacking these discourses. An ethnographic study was undertaken where both students and teachers engaged in discussions over, and personal written reflections on, the textual content. In reporting the results of that study this article uses a post-structural framework to identify how classroom and textual discourses might be used to break down socially constructed categories of sexuality and students' conceptualisations of non-heterosexual behaviour. It was found that engaging in discussion in the context of the fictional text allowed some students to begin to recognise their own heteronormative views and engage in an informed critique of them.

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The human rights implications of climate change are increasingly gaining attention, with wider international acknowledgement that climate change poses a real threat to human rights. This paper considers the impact of climate change on human rights, looking particularly at the experiences of Torres Strait Islanders in northern Australia. It argues that human rights law offers a guiding set of principles which can help in developing appropriate strategies to combat climate change. In particular, the normative principles embodied in environmental rights can be useful in setting priorities and evaluating policies in response to climate change. The paper also argues that a human rights perspective can help address the underlying injustice of climate change: that it is the people who have contributed least to the problem who will bear the heaviest burden of its effects.

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Heteronormative discourses provide the most common lens through which sexuality is understood within university curricula. This means that sexuality is discussed in terms of categories of identity, with heterosexuality accorded primacy and all ‘others’ indeed ‘othered.’ This paper reports on research carried out by the authors in a core first year university justice class, in which students of law and/or justice were required to engage with, discuss, and reflect on discourses on sexuality. It uses a poststructural framework to identify how students understand non-heterosexualities and how they personally relate to queer identities, in the sense that it asks questions about gender and sexual identity, and the discourses surrounding them. It was found that strongly negative attitudes to non-heterosexualities are quite resistant to challenge, and that some students express being confronted with queerness as a deep-seated fear of being drawn into otherness against their will. The result was that, while many students were able to unpack their attitudes towards queerness and engage in critical reflection and re-evaluation of their attitudes, students with strongly negative views towards non-heterosexualities conversely refused to engage at all, typically perceiving even the engagement itself as a threat to their core heterosexual identity. However, the authors caution against relying on the idea that students are simply “homophobic” to explain this reluctance, as this term does not necessarily account for the complexity of the discourses that inform students’ reactions in this context. This “homophobia” may simply be related to a way of performing gender and sexual identity as opposed to overt discrimination and fear.

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Due to their similar colonial histories and common law heritage, Australia and Canada provide an ideal comparative context for examining legislation reflecting new directions in the field of juvenile justice. Toward this end, this article compares the revised juvenile justice legislation which came into force in Queensland and Canada in 2003 (Canada, Youth Criminal Justice Act, enacted on 19 February 2002 and proclaimed in force 1 April 2003; Queensland, Juvenile Justice Act, amended 2003). There are a series of questions that could be addressed including: How similar and how sweeping have been the legislative changes introduced in each jurisdiction?; What are likely to be some of the effects of the implementation of these new legislative regimes?; and, how well does the legislation enacted in either jurisdiction address the fundamental difficulties experienced by children who have been caught up in juvenile justice systems? This article addresses mainly the first of these questions, offering a systematic comparison of recent Queensland and Canadian legislative changes. Although, due to the recentness of these changes, there is no data available to assess long-term effects, anecdotal evidence and preliminary research findings from our comparative study are offered to provide a start at answering the second question. We also offer critical yet sympathetic comments on the ability of legislation to address the fundamental difficulties experienced by children caught up in juvenile justice systems. Specifically, we conclude that while more than simple legislative responses are required to address the difficulties faced by youth offenders, and especially overrepresented Indigenous young offenders, the amended Queensland and new Canadian legislation appear to provide some needed reforms that can be used to help address some of these fundamental difficulties.

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Entry provides a concise description of procedural justice -the perceived fairness of organizational procedures in decision-making processes A conceptual overview, critical commentary and future directions provide the framework for this entry. The International Encyclopedia of Organization Studies is a definitive description of the field, spanning individual, organizational, societal, and cultural perspective in a cross-disciplinary manner. The Encyclopedia is thoroughly cross-referenced and entries are based around a series of broad themes. Key Features- Offers a comprehensive overview of many of the major ideas, concepts, terms, and approaches that characterise this diverse field of organization studies - Illustrates the fluidity, dynamism, and innovation that now occur in organization studies-internationally - Brings together a team of international contributors from the fields of: Management, Psychology, Sociology, Communications, Education, Political Science, Public Administration, Anthropology, Law and other related areas. - Examines how organizations are devices for structuring life and lives are structured by organizations